2023年中考英语专题 第七章 动词(动词的分类、主谓一致)课件(共72张PPT)

(共72张PPT)
第一部分 名师语法专题
第七章 动词(动词的分类、主谓一致)
01
中考动态
02
名师点拨
03
强化训练
课标要求（2022年版） 广东省卷近5年中考统计情况
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
情态动词 √ √
动词词组 √ √ √ √ √
动词辨析 √ √ √ √ √
固定搭配 √ √ √ √ √
中考动态
名师点拨
基础自测 限时小练·自查自纠
(限时:5min 正确率:_______/10题)
一、单项填空
（ ）1.（2022北京）—__________ I take photos here
—Sorry, you can't.It's not allowed in the museum.
A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Will
C
（ ）2.（2022朝阳）—Dad, must I become a doctor like you when I finish university in the future
—No, you __________.You can make your own decision and do whatever you like.
A.don't have to B.can't C.mustn't D.couldn't
A
（ ）3.（2022包头）—You __________ be excited — you have tickets for your favourite band!
—Yes.It's unbelievable that I can see the band play live!
A.need B.have to C.must D.might
C
（ ）4.（2022泸州）—Paul, have you tried this chicken It's a special in Luzhou and has been introduced in the TV program A Bite of China.
—Yes, it __________ hot but delicious.
A.eats B.looks C.tastes D.sees
C
（ ）5.（2022铜仁）—Li Ping, I didn't go summer camping last year.
—__________.
A.So did I B.Neither did I
C.Neither I did D.So I did
B
二、根据句意用be动词的适当形式填空，每空一词
1.（2022铜仁改编）Using public chopsticks ________ necessary when eating with others.
2.（2022毕节改编）Neither Saturday nor Sunday ________ OK because I will be quite busy these two days.
3.（2022达州改编）—Hurry up, Jason! We're going to the cinema, but the clothes still need washing.
—Don't worry.I think thirty minutes ________ enough.
is
is
is
4.—Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _______ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
—I am also deeply moved by its stories.
5.（2022邵阳改编）—A pandemic（疫情） broke out in Shaoyang last month.
—Yeah.There __________ so many doctors and nurses coming to help us.
are
were
动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词在句子中多作谓语，说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”，是句子不可缺少的成分。动词有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。
考点精讲 重点难点·分享突破
考点1
动词的分类
动词可分为以下几类:
一、助动词
协助主要动词构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句的词叫助动词。常见的助动词有：be（无词义）， do/does/did（无词义）， have/has/had（无词义）， shall（将要）， will（将要）。
In learning English, 1.__________ be afraid of making mistakes.While you 2.__________ doing this, a good way is to write.Then if you can, ask someone to go through what you 3.__________ written and tell you what mistake you have made.Many mistakes can 4.__________ easily found when you write.By correcting mistakes, you can do better in learning English.
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
don't
are
have
be
二、系动词
系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，后必须接表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征。其常见分类及用法如下：
（ ）5.（2022宿迁）—Good news! The Shenzhou XIV manned spacecraft has been sent into space successfully.
—That __________ exciting and encouraging!
A.turns B.tastes C.sounds D.smells
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
C
（ ）6.Lily's sweet smile __________ like warm sunshine and everyone enjoys it.
A.sounds B.looks C.smells D.tastes
（ ）7.（2022无锡）—Dad, what's for dinner It __________ nice!
—I'm cooking chicken soup.
A.tastes　 B.smells　 C.looks　 D.feels
B
B
三、情态动词
情态动词主要有：can（could）， may（might）， must, need, have to, shall（should）， will（would） 等，情态动词没有人称、数的变化， 后接动词原形。 如：
What can I do for you 我能为你做什么？
1.can和could
（1）be able to 也表示能力， 可用于各种时态。如：
They weren't able to find the right way.
他们不能找到正确的路。
（2）疑问句和否定句中can还带有惊讶、怀疑等含义。如：Can it be true？这是真的吗？
2.may和might
3.must
在回答must的问句时， 要用needn't或 don't have to作为否定回答，不能用mustn't。如：
—Must I stay in bed all day？—No, you needn't/don't have to.
4.shall
5.should
6.will和would
7.need
（ ）8.（2022济南）—Is the girl over there Lucy
—No.It __________ be her.She is cleaning the classroom.
A.must　　 B.could　 C.can't　　 D.mustn't
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
C
（ ）9.（2022镇江） —I don't care what Kate thinks.
—Well, you __________.Her suggestions are of some value.
A.would B.should C.might D.could
B
（ ）10.（2022黄石）—Mom, must I tidy my room right now
—No, you __________.You can do it after breakfast.
A.needn't　 B.mustn't　
C.can't　 D.shouldn't
A
（ ）11.（2022徐州）—Can we play games here
—Better not.If you __________， please go to the open space there.
A.must B.can C.may D.will
A
（ ）12.（2022河池）As we know, sixteen year olds __________ drive a car in our country.
A.must　 B.could　 C.mustn't　 D.couldn't
C
四、动词词组
动词词组是中考的重点和难点，广东中考常考的动词词组见《早读材料》。
考点2
主谓一致
在英语中，谓语受主语支配， 必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：就近一致原则、语法一致原则和意义一致原则。
一、就近一致原则
1.由“either… or…， neither… nor…， not only… but also…”等连接的并列主语， 其后接的谓语动词遵循就近一致原则， 即与最靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如： Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
2.在“There be”句型中， 谓语动词和最靠近它的主语一致。如：There is one egg and two apples in it.
二、语法一致原则
1.单数名词作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数；复数名词作主语时， 谓语动词要用复数。如：
①The boy goes to school early every morning.
②The children are playing outside.
2.由and或both… and… 连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如： Both he and I are right.
3.并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。如： His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
4.由and连接的并列单数主语， 如果分别由each或every修饰， 其谓语动词要用单数形式。如： Each man and each woman is asked to help.
5.主语是单数时， 尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, along with, like, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等介词短语， 谓语动词仍用单数。如： Nobody but two boys was late for class.
6.一些只有复数形式的名词， 如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时， 谓语动词要用复数。如： The police are looking for the lost boy.
7.由对称的两部分构成的物体的名词， 如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors等作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。如： Your trousers are dirty.You'd better change them.
如果这类名词前有a pair of 等， 谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数。如：
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
8.动词不定式、动名词作主语时， 谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： To say something is usually easier than to do something.
三、意义一致原则
1.表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数。如： Twenty years is not a long time.
2.有些集合名词， 如family, team, class, group等作主语时， 如果作为一个整体看待， 谓语动词用单数；如果指其中每个成员， 谓语动词用复数。如：
My family is a big one.（指整体）　My family are watching TV.（指每个成员）
3.不定代词all, most, more, some, any, the rest作主语时， 要根据这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词， 谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词， 谓语动词用单数。如： All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.
4.“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的词组作主语时， 其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数， 谓语动词用复数；名词是单数， 谓语动词用单数。如： It is said that 35 percent of the doctors are women.
5.none of作主语时， 如果后接复数名词， 谓语动词可用复数或单数；如果后接不可数名词， 谓语动词用单数。如： None of the advice was accepted, because none of the children are/is interested in art.
6.“定冠词＋形容词”表示一类人， 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。如： The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
7.在“one of＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句结构中， 关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one, 因此从句中的谓语动词应用复数形式。如： This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.
（1）当one之前有the only等修饰语时， 关系代词的先行词是one, 而不是靠近它的复数名词， 此时，从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。如：
She is the only one of the girls who is late sometimes.
（2）不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either等以及被each, every等修饰的名词作主语时， 尽管有些表达复数意义， 但是， 它们的谓语动词应该用单数形式。如：
Is everybody here today 今天大家都到齐了吗？
Neither （book） is good.两本（书）都不好。
（3）“a number of＋复数名词”意为“许多”， 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”意为“……的数目”， 作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。如：
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
被邀请的人是50个， 但其中许多人由于不同的原因缺席了。
根据上下文用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词
（2022绥化改编）How time 1._________（fly）！ The senior high school life is coming.I still remember the first day like it 2._________ （be） yesterday.Everything in our school 3._________ （mean） a lot to me.The end of junior high school is the beginning of a new life.Learning 4._________ （be） a lifelong journey.I will learn from my mistakes and never give up.
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
flies
was
means
is
对接中考 方法探究·总结规律
1.动词在语法选择中的考查
在广东中考语法选择中，主要考查动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词，时态的考查将在第八章详细讲解，语态的考查将在第九章详细讲解，非谓语动词的考查将在第十章详细讲解。
2.动词在完形填空中的考查
在广东中考完形填空中，主要考查动词及动词词组的词义辨析，且主要是根据文章语境推断出正确答案。
①（2022广东42题）They are all from her garden and free for her neighbors to __________.“It's just lovely, like you walk by and get a beautiful gift around the corner，” said a neighbor.
A.look at B.take away C.give up D.throw away
B
解析：本句句意为“它们都来自她的花园，并免费供邻居__________”，根据下文“…you walk by and get a beautiful gift around the corner”，可以得出是带走“take away”，故选B。
②（2022广东44、45题）“People in the community came to __________.They brought us food and often called to make sure we were doing fine.I was deeply __________，” Molly said.
44.A.cry B.see C.help D.rest
45.A.moved B.interested C.tired D.bored
C
A
解析：44题，根据后句“They brought us food and often called to make sure we were doing fine.”，可知社区里的人们都来帮助我们，故选C。45题，根据前句可知，社区里的人们都来帮助我们，因此Molly应该是很感动。故选A。
3.动词在短文填空中的考查
在广东中考短文填空中，主要考查动词的时态和语态，时态的考查将在第八章详细讲解，语态的考查将在第九章详细讲解。
强化训练
一、语法选择（2022贺州改编）
Being street smart is an important skill to have and it's a good way to take care of yourself.
Always carry your phone with __1__， but do not look at it while you are walking.Being able to communicate or call for help __2__ important, so keep a list of useful phone numbers.But put your phone away while you __3__ so that you can keep your head up and see what's going on around.If you do need to check your phone, stop and look at it quickly.
（ ）1.A.your B.yours C.you
（ ）2.A.am B.is C.are
（ ）3.A.are walking B.was walking C.is walking
C
2．动名词作主语，谓语动词应用单数。am只用在I之后，故选B。
B
A
Don't wear earphones while you are out.__4__ there is something that you have to listen to when you're out, use only one earphone or play it at a very low volume（音量）.
（ ）4.A.If B.But C.So
4．结合句意，引导条件状语从句应用if。
A
Travel with __5__ or family members when possible and never go anywhere with a stranger.It's important to be __6__ with strangers.Do not get into a stranger's car.
（ ）5.A.friend's B.friends C.friend
（ ）6.A.careful B.carefully C.careless
6．be careful with小心。
B
A
Avoid dark and out-of-the-way places.Do not take short cuts through dark areas, even if it will make your trip much __7__.If you have to go to a place, and you're not sure whether it's safe or not, go __8__ someone you know or speak to someone on the phone while you are there.
（ ）7.A.fast B.faster C.fastest
（ ）8.A.to B.for C.with
B
C
7．much修饰形容词的比较级，故选B。
Run and shout if you feel unsafe.Run away as fast as you __9__ towards a police station, hospital, or nearby shop for help.Shout as loudly as you can __10__ the attention of people around.
（ ）9.A.need B.must C.can
（ ）10.A.to get B.getting C.got
C
A
9．as fast as you can尽你所能地快。
10．句意：尽你所能地大声叫，以得到周围人的关注。不定式作目的状语。
短文大意：本文主要介绍了一些在街上保证安全的建议。
It was a summer day.An old man was taking a walk down a hill cheerfully.He wiped the sweat（擦汗） from his face and started ___1___ a song.
（ ）1.A.playing B.singing C.writing D.hearing
二、完形填空
B
Suddenly, he heard a voice, “Hello, sir.” The old man turned around, but he saw no one.“I'm here，” the voice came from beside his feet.The old man __2__ and saw a beautiful flower.
（ ）2.A.looked around B.looked back
C.looked up D.looked down
D
2．花在地上，因此应该是向下看才能看到，故选D。
“Sir, would you mind answering a question？” __3__ the flower.“Certainly not, my child.What do you want to know？” said the old man.The flower hesitated（犹豫） for a second and said, “Why are you so __4__ You are not __5__ and maybe you don't have many days left.” The flower went on, “My days have __6__ and I'm going to wither（枯萎）.That makes me so sad.”
（ ）3.A.repeated B.replied C.asked D.shouted
（ ）4.A.worried B.pleased C.tired D.surprised
C
B
3．这里是小花在问老人问题，因此用asked。
4．根据第一段中老人愉快地下山可知应是问老人为什么如此高兴，故选B。
“Sir, would you mind answering a question？” __3__ the flower.“Certainly not, my child.What do you want to know？” said the old man.The flower hesitated（犹豫） for a second and said, “Why are you so __4__ You are not __5__ and maybe you don't have many days left.” The flower went on, “My days have __6__ and I'm going to wither（枯萎）.That makes me so sad.”
（ ）5.A.old B.young C.healthy D.tall
（ ）6.A.returned B.stood C.passed D.achieved
B
C
5．根据后半句“you don't have many days left”可知是不年轻了。
6．根据后半句要枯萎了可知应是它的日子已经逝去了。
The old man laughed, “Yes, I don't have many days left.But so what Why __7__ such a lovely day on something that hasn't happened？” The flower didn't quite understand.The old man continued, “What's gone is gone.What's to come is to come.You can't __8__ it.But you can decide to enjoy this very __9__ that you truly have.”
（ ）7.A.enjoy B.remember C.take D.waste
（ ）8.A.keep B.record C.hold D.change
（ ）9.A.word B.moment C.voice D.sound
D
D
B
7．waste time on…把时间浪费在……。
8．根据空格前两句可知是不能改变它。应用change。
And he didn't __10__ the flower to respond（回应）.He just walked away, continuing with the happy song he had been singing.
（ ）10.A.wait for B.put away C.drop by D.cut down
A
10．根据下文可知老人应该是没有等小花回答就走了。故选A。
短文大意：本文是一则寓言故事，通过讲述老人与花的一段故事，告诉我们要享受当下的时光。
Some people say it is not easy for a middle－aged person to learn a foreign language.But is it really true
Several years 1._________， I worked for an English newspaper which was doing such research.They asked me to learn a new 2._________ for one month.Then I had to go to the country and do some “tests” to see 3.__________ I could “survive” in different situations.
三、短文填空（2022金华改编）
ago
if/whether
1．时间段＋ago表示“多久以前”。
2．根据后文可知是学习一种新的语言，故填language。
language
I chose Spanish and did a one－month course at a language school and found that some Spanish words are very similar 4.__________ English ones.For example, “hola” isn't very 5.__________ from “hello”.Of course, there 6.__________ other things which are more difficult.
to
different
4．be similar to…和……相似。
are
5．be different from…与……不同。
In Spanish you have to change the verbs（动词） for each person.But my biggest problem of all was the 7._____________.I found it was very difficult to pronounce some letters in Spanish, especially “r” and “j”.So I had to download sentences onto my phone and I listened and practised 8.__________ again and again.
pronunciation
them
7．根据下文“difficult to pronounce some letters”可知应填pronunciation。
A month later I went to Spain.A Spanish teacher 9.____________ Paula came and began the test.“Will I survive？” I wasn't sure enough but how I wished I 10.__________ !
called/named
9．一个叫Paula的西班牙语老师应填called/named。
would
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过自己学习西班牙语的经历来验证一下中年人学外语是否容易。
谢谢大家！