2023年中考英语专题 第十章 非谓语动词课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
第一部分 名师语法专题
第十章 非谓语动词
01
中考动态
02
名师点拨
03
强化训练
课标要求（2022年版） 广东省卷近5年中考统计情况
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
动词不定式(作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语) √ (作宾语) √ (作目的状语) √ (作宾补) √ (作目的状语) √
(作宾补)
动词的-ing形式*
动词的-ed形式*
中考动态
根据2022年版课标，“动词的-ing形式”、“动词的-ed形式”为新增内容，仅作理解要求。
名师点拨
基础自测 限时小练·自查自纠
(限时:5min 正确率:_______/10题)
（ ）1.（2022福建改编）It's important for us __________ hard in order to have a better life.
A.work B.to work C.working D.to working
B
（ ）2.（2022昆明）Boys and girls, good luck and wish you __________ good grades on your new journey!
A.cutting B.to cut C.getting D.to get
D
（ ）3.（2022龙东改编）I saw Lily __________ when I passed her room.
A.dancing B.dance C.to dance D.danced
A
（ ）4.（2022绥化）—We should do what we can __________ the spread of virus.
—You are right.We can often wash hands and wear masks（口罩）.
A.prevent B.to prevent
C.preventing D.to preventing
B
（ ）5.（2022天津）The painting is really valuable to him.He will never agree __________ it.
A.sell B.sells C.sold D.to sell
D
（ ）6.During our holidays, we should avoid __________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.
A.stay B.to stay C.stayed D.staying
D
（ ）7.（2022广西）Our teacher often tells us __________across the road when the traffic light is red.
A.go B.going C.don't go D.not to go
D
（ ）8.（2022 广西）—Amy, don't forget __________ your mask when you go out.
—Don't worry, mom.I will.
A.wear B.wears C.to wear D.wearing
C
（ ）9.Now, I realize I was wrong.I really regret __________ that silly thing to my mom.
A.do B.to do C.doing D.did
C
（ ）10.（2022柳州改编）—Who should I send this message to, Betty
—Mr.Green is the one __________.
A.to send it B.to send it to
C.to send to D.send it to
B
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动词不定式、动词的-ing形式，动词的-ed形式三类。它们没有人称和数的变化，但是有的有语态和时态的变化，还可以有自己的宾语、状语、逻辑主语等。非谓语动词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语、定语、补足语等。
考点精讲 重点难点·分享突破
一、动词不定式
1.不定式的形式
不定式符号to＋动词原形，其否定形式是：not to＋动词原形。
2.不定式的用法
在句中不能充当谓语成分，但可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
作主语 常用it作形式主语，真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）放在句子后面 It's nice of you to help me with my math.
作表语 放在be动词后面，表示主语的职业、职责或性质等 His dream is to be a doctor.
作宾语 一些表命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语 He wanted to watch football matches.
作宾补 动词不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系 He got his sister to help him with his homework.
作定语 动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 I have a lot of homework to do.
作状语 起副词作用，修饰动词或形容词，常表示目的、原因、结果等 He is too young to go to school.
（1）巧记不定式作宾语的动词
想要拒绝莫忘记（want, refuse, forget），
需要努力就学习（need, try, learn），
喜欢、同意加帮助（like, agree, help），
希望、决定后开始（hope/wish, decide, begin/start）。
（2）不定式和疑问词（why除外）连用构成不定式短语，在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语和宾补。whether后面也可以接不定式。如：①How to open the lock is a difficult problem.②I can't decide whether to go there or not.
我不能决定是否去那里。
（3）一些连系动词和使役动词后不定式作宾补，要省略to，用动词原形。这类动词有：一感（feel）， 二听（hear, listen to）， 三让（let, make, have）， 四看（see, watch, notice, look at）。若用于被动语态，需要带to。如：
①The boss made them work the whole night.
②They were made to work the whole night.
他们被迫整晚工作。
（4）help后的to也可以省略。如：He helps （to） do some housework.他帮忙做一些家务。
（5）如不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词，构成及物动词短语。如：I need a friend to depend on.我需要一个可依靠的朋友。
3.含有不定式的句型
（1）主语＋be＋adj.＋to do。
如：The text is difficult to understand.
（2）主语＋be＋too＋adj.＋（for sb.）＋to do。
如：The box is too heavy for me to carry.
（3）主语＋be＋adj.＋enough＋to do。
如：The boy is old enough to go to school.
（4）It is＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）＋to do。
如：It is important for us to learn English well.
（5）主语＋find/think/feel＋it＋adj.＋to do。
如：I find it boring to go shopping.
二、动词的-ing形式
动名词和现在分词均是动词的-ing形式。它们都保留了动词的某些特征，都能带自己的宾语、状语。但动名词更接近名词，而现在分词更接近形容词或副词。在初中阶段，需要了解现在分词可以帮助构成进行时态（be doing），也可以用作形容词（如exciting）。
1.作主语、表语和宾语。如：
Reading is an art.（作主语）　
Her hobby is reading books.（作表语）
I have already finished reading this book.（作宾语）
2.作定语，表示用途或正在进行的动作。如：
a walking stick一根拐杖， a washing machine一台洗衣机，
a reading room一间阅览室，
a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子
3.在表示感官和心理状态的动词、使役动词、find、catch等词后作宾语补足语。如：I heard a girl crying not far away.
我听见不远处有个小女孩正在哭。
4.作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随情况等。如：
Talking and laughing, the children walked into the classroom.这些孩子说着笑着走进了教室。
（1）否定动词的-ing形式时，直接在其前面加not。
（2）动词的-ing形式作表语时，句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或由what引导的名词性从句。作表语的动词的-ing形式与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows.→Cleaning the windows is your task.你的任务就是擦窗户。
What I hate most is being laughed at.→Being laughed at is what I hate most.我最痛恨的就是被嘲笑。
（3）常见只能跟动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词（词组）有：advise, allow, avoid, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practice, give up, suggest, keep on, can't help, think of, worry about, be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。
（4）常见含有动词的-ing形式的结构
It is no use/good doing sth.做某事是没有用的　
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
spend time/money doing sth.花时间/钱做某事
have difficulty/fun doing sth.做某事有困难/乐趣
（5）表示感官的动词后面用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的动作，用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示全过程或经常性。
I heard the doorbell ringing.
我听见门铃在响。（听的时候，门铃正在响）
I saw him enter the building.
我看见他进了大楼。（看到进入的全过程）
三、既可以接不定式又可以接动词的－ing形式的动词
1.有的动词后面既可接动词不定式， 也可接动词的－ing形式作宾语， 意义不变。如：begin, start, hate, like, love等。
Why not…？ 意思是“为什么不做某事呢？”， 后面只能接动词原形。
四、动词的-ed形式
动词的-ed形式保留了动词的许多特征，因此在句中可以有自己的状语和逻辑主语。其否定形式是在其前加not。具体用法如下：
一、用所给词的适当形式填空，每空词数不限
1.（2022岳阳）Many students practice __________（run） in the morning because of the P.E.exam.
2.I often help my mother __________（do） some cleaning.
3.（2022甘肃）The teacher asked the students __________（circle） the correct answer.
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
running
(to) do
to circle
4.He is often the last one __________（leave） the classroom.
5.（2022绥化改编）What about __________（sing） the song Together for a Shared Future Its name is the slogan（口号） of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
6.Lily was seen __________（take） the bag away when she left.
7.It took me ten minutes __________（walk） to school.
to leave
singing
to take
to walk
8.（2022达州改编）—Exercising is good for our health.
—You're right.So I'd rather __________（take） an hour's walk than __________（sit） in front of the computer.
9.（2022扬州改编）__________（reach） the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
10.（2022重庆改编）Mr.Brown told his son ____________（not touch） the paintings in the museum.
take
sit
To reach
not to touch
二、小语篇练习（语法选择）
Antony will graduate from college next year.He hopes __11__ a doctor.He is good at Maths and spends a lot of time __12__ his homework.At weekends he prefers going to the cinema with friends to __13__ at home alone.He enjoys __14__ science fiction.He would like __15__ around the world and meet different people after graduation.But it'll be difficult for him __16__ that because of COVID－19.
（ ）11.A.becoming B.to become C.become
（ ）12.A.do B.did C.doing
B
C
Antony will graduate from college next year.He hopes __11__ a doctor.He is good at Maths and spends a lot of time __12__ his homework.At weekends he prefers going to the cinema with friends to __13__ at home alone.He enjoys __14__ science fiction.He would like __15__ around the world and meet different people after graduation.But it'll be difficult for him __16__ that because of COVID－19.
（ ）13.A.staying B.to stay C.stays
（ ）14.A.watching B.watch C.to watch
（ ）15.A.travel B.to travel C.to travelling
（ ）16.A.did B.do C.to do
A
A
B
C
非谓语动词在语法选择中的考查：关键在于准确把握非谓语动词在句子中所作的成分，并牢记常见的包含非谓语动词的结构和句型。
①（2022广东34题）One day, the teacher told her ______ a test.
A.take B.to take C.taking
对接中考 方法探究·总结规律
B
解析：句意：一天，老师让她做一个测验。tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事，此处用动词不定式结构作宾补。故选B。
②（2021广东38题）Many tourists, they believe, will come __________ the fantastic experience of walking across.
A.enjoy B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy
D
解析：由句意“他们相信，很多游客会来享受这种走在桥上的美妙体验”可知，游客来的目的是享受体验，此处用动词不定式表目的。故选D。
③（2020广东33题）I expect each of you __________ a kite that means something important to you.
A.make B.to make C.making D.made
B
解析：句意为“我希望你们每个人都能做一个对你们来说有重要意义的风筝。”expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事，此处动词不定式作宾补。故选B。
强化训练
语法选择（2022杭州改编）
Derek Rabelo was born in Brazil in 1992.His father called __1__ Derek after a famous surfing star, Derek Ho.Derek's father wanted Derek to become a surfer, too, __2__ there was a problem: unluckily, Derek was born blind.His __3__ dream to see Derek surf seemed impossible!
（ ）1.A.him B.his C.himself
（ ）2.A.but B.and C.so
（ ）3.A.father B.father's C.fathers'
A
A
B
When Derek was 17, his father told him about his dream.From that moment, Derek tried his best __4__ a surfer.He went to the beach every day and started taking surfing lessons from a coach.Derek kept __5__ and finally, he learned to surf!
（ ）4.A.became B.becoming C.to become
（ ）5.A.to try B.trying C.try
B
C
4．try one's best to do sth.某人尽全力做某事。故选C。
5．keep doing sth.继续做某事。故选B。
Derek explains that although he can't see, he understands the noises that the waves make and he can hear them when they ___6___.He says every part of a wave makes a different noise, so he knows which direction to surf in.
（ ）6.A.came B.will come C.are coming
C
In 2012, he flew to Hawaii to surf one of __7__ and dangerous waves in the world.Local surfers were very __8__ to see the confident young man surf the huge waves with no problem at all.
（ ）7.A.the most challenging B.more challenging C.challenging
（ ）8.A.surprisedly B.surprising C.surprised
A
C
A film producer decided to make __9__ film about him.Beyond Sight tells Derek's inspirational story and teaches us that nothing is impossible if you believe __10__ yourself!
（ ）9.A./ B.the C.a
（ ）10.A.at B.in C.with
C
10．believe in 相信。故选B。
B
短文大意：本文向我们讲述了盲人冲浪者Derek Rabelo的励志故事。
谢谢大家！