人教版（新标准）初中英语八年级下册 Unit 10 语法阅读写作专题

人教版（新标准）初中英语八年级下册 Unit 10语法阅读写作专题
八年级下册 Unit 10
语法专题
现在完成时（三）
1.现在完成时的用法
表示从过去某时开始持续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻开始延续到现在的一段时间的状语”连用，如“for+时间段”“since+时间点”“since引导的从句（一般过去时）""since+一段时间+ago"等。
例：My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years. = My uncle has worked at this factory since ten years ago.
我的叔叔已经在这个工厂工作了10年。
Mr. Black has taught in China since 2000.
自从2000年以来布莱克先生一直在中国执教。
2.句中动词的特点
此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。
例：I've had the camera for three years.这部照相机我已经买了3年了。
How long has your elder brother been in the army/been soldier
你哥哥参军多长时间了？
(1)非延续性动词也被称为终止性动词或瞬间性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如 five years ago, at 3 o'clock等。
(2)延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,wait,watch,sing,read,seep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语"for+时间段""since+时间点""since引导的从句（一般过去时）""since+一段时间+ago”等连用。
(3)非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换：
①非延续性动词转化为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时中。
borrow-keep buy-have
catch cold-have a cold
put on-wear get to know-know
get to sleep-sleep
begin/start-be on go out-be out
get to/arrive in/reach-be(in)
die-be dead
open-be open
finish-be over
leave-be away
fall ill-be ill
get up-be up
fall asleep-be asleep
join-be in/be a member of
go to school-be in school
become-be
close-be closed
make friends-be friends
go to bed-be in bed
语法专练
单项选择
1.(广东广州中考）Miss Brown, we_______ now
A. finish B. finishing C. are finished D. have finished
for many years, but his spirit is still
2.(广东广州中考）Lei Feng________
encouraging us.
A. died B. has died C .was dead D. has been dead
3.(福建福州中考）So far, the AllB(亚投行）_________ 57 countries to be the founding members.
A. attracted B. has attracted C. will attract
4.- How long have you been collecting coins
--______ .
A. Three years ago. B. After three years. C. Since three years. D. For three years.
5.- How long have you______ here
-For two days. I ________ here the day before yesterday.
A. been; came B. come; came C. came; came D. been; come
阅读专题
上下文暗示法
——完形填空题解题技巧（六）
我们在做完形填空题时，会遇到这种情况：针对一个空所给的四个选项无论从语法、句法还是词法上都讲得通，这导致我们陷入一个无法选择的困境，此时，我们不妨跳过该空，去下文中寻找提示，完形填空的句子都是有机联系在一起的，选择答案时应注意上下句、上下段之间的信息暗示，如词暗示、段暗示、逻辑暗示、语意暗示。His parents would like him to become a painter or a ___1___ one day. They teach him to____ 2___ and to play the violin, but Ke'ai doesn't enjoy these activities.
1.A.writer B. teacher C. sportsman D. musician
2.A.paint B. write C. run D. drive
解析：1.从选项上看，四个选项都是表示职业的名词，都符合语法要求，但从下文的play the violin可知，父母想让他成为画家或音乐家，故选D。
2.四个选项都是表示动作的词，都符合句子结构，但上句中提到“His parents would like him to become painter”，由此可知，此处指他们教他画画，故选A。1.D2.A
写作专题
【写作话题】
本单元围绕话题“谈论拥有的物品和周围的事物”展开教学活动，内容贴近日常生活，能激发学生的学习兴趣，培养学生灵活运用语言知识和创新的能力。
【写作技巧】
对事物的描述要求简练、准确，尽量避免口语化。以说明为主，辅以叙述、议论等写作手法。
常用词汇及句型：
词汇： beautiful place, beside wide river, ten years ago, used to, in the past ten years, work hard
句型：I love my hometown. Great changes have taken place. I love its people.
【写作应用】
请你根据下面的提示，以“My hometown”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。
提示：1.家乡的地理位置；
2.近10年来家乡的变化；
3.对家乡的感情。
My hometown
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
写作模板
开头——家乡的地理位置
It stands beside...fish and rice.
中间——十年前的面貌
But ten years ago... live a hard life.
——现在的改变
The streets ... New roads ... Factories, schools, hospitals ... The life ... improved. 结尾——对家乡的热爱
I love my hometown. I love its people.
优秀范文
My hometown
My hometown is a beautiful place. It stands beside a wide river and is rich in fish and rice.
But ten years ago, it was a poor town. Many people had no work. They used to live a hard life.
In the past ten years, great changes have taken place here. The streets have been widened. New roads have appeared. Factories schools, hospitals and cinemas have been built one after another. The life of the people is greatly improved.
I love my hometown. I love its people. They are still working hard to make it richer and more beautiful.
名师点评
①第一段总体介绍了“我”的家乡的地理位置和特色。
②用used to do sth.描述了过去人们的生活状况。
③运用现在完成时态，描述了“我”的家乡如今的面貌。
④总结全文，表达了对家乡和人民的热爱之情。
人教版初中英语知识点精析
八年级下册 UNIT 10
I've had this bike for three years.这辆自行车我买了三年了。
参考答案与解析
语法专练
1.D句意：布朗小姐，我们已经打扫完教室了。现在我们可以回家了吗？根据后句Can we go home now 可知，前面打扫的动作已经完成，且影响持续到现在，故用现在完成时。故选D。
2.D由空格后的for many years(许多年）可知，句子应用现在完成时，且谓语动词应为延续性动词。die是非延续性动词，可排除A、B两项。be dead表示状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用，故选D。句意：雷锋已经去世许多年了，但他的精神一直鼓舞着我们。
3.B句中sofar意为“迄今为止”，是现在完成时的标志性词语，故此处应用现在完成时，其谓语动词构成为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，故选B。