人教版初中英语八年级下册Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world? 考点精析

人教版初中英语八年级下册Unit7考点精析
What's the highest mountain in the world
世界上最高的山是什么？
重点
1.掌握多位数的表达与读法
2.熟练运用谈论地理和自然的交际用语
难点
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
语法
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
Section A
重点单词
square平方；正方形
meter米；公尺
deep深的；纵深的
desert沙漠
population人口；人口数量
Asia 亚洲
tour旅行；旅游
tourist旅行者；观光者
wall墙
ancient 古代的；古老的
protect保护；防护
wide 宽的；宽阔的
achievement成就；成绩
thick 厚的；浓的
include包括；包含
condition条件；状况
succeed 实现目标；成功
achieve达到；完成；成功
force力；力量
nature自然界；大自然
ocean大海；海洋
重点短语
feel free(可以）随便（做某事）
in the face of 面对（问题、困难等）
as far as know 就我所知
even though(=even if)即使；虽然
take in吸入；吞入（体内）
重点句型
1. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。
2. China has the biggest population in the world.
中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
3. The main reason was to protect their part of the country.
主要的原因是保护他们的那部分国土。
4. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
当你快登顶时，呼吸也是很困难的。
Section B
重点单词
weigh重量是……；称……的重量
birth出生；诞生
adult成年的；成人的；成人；成年动物
bamboo竹子
keeper饲养员；保管人
awake 醒着
illness疾病；病
excitement 激动；兴奋
wild野生的
government政府；内阁
oil油；食用油；石油
protection保护；保卫
huge巨大的；极多的
research研究；调查（用作名词时，重音可放在第一个音节）
重点短语
at birth 出生时
up to 到达（某数量、程度等）;至多有；不多于
walk into 走路时撞着
fall over 绊倒
or so 大约
重点句型
1. This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.
这头大象比这只大熊猫重许多倍。
2. ... they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry.
……他们发现大多数幼崽已经醒来并且饿了。
3. Pandas do not have many babies, maybe only one every two years.
大熊猫产崽并不多，也许每两年仅产一只幼崽。
4. The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long.
这些幼患经常死于疾病或者活不长久。
Section A 知识点精析
1....about 9,600,000 square kilometers in size.......面积大约960万平方干米。
要点精析
square 此处作名词，意为“平方”。
例：The old city covers an area of about 326 square kilometers.
这个古老城市的面积大约是326平方千米。
知识拓展
square作名词，还可意为“正方形”。
例：First of all, draw a square.首先，画一个正方形。
2. 1,025 meters deep 1025 米深
要点精析1
meter(美式英语）名词，意为“米；公尺”，
英式英语拼写为metre。
例：It is about 100 meters from my home to the theater.
从我家到剧场大约100米。
要点精析2
1,025 meters deep是一种表达深度的方法。
例：The well is about 5 meters deep.这口井大约5米深。
知识拓展
在英语中，表示事物的长、宽、高等时，主要有两种表达方式：
①基数词+单位词[meter(s),foot/feet, inch(es)等]+形容词（long, wide, high, deep等）
②基数词+单位词[meter(s),foot/feet, inch(es)等]+in+名词（length, width, height, depth等）
例：two meters long=two meters in length 2米长
three feet high three feet in height 3英尺高
3. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.
珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。
要点精析
any other意为“其他任何”。
例：Tom runs faster than any other student in his class.
汤姆比他班上的其他任何学生跑得都快。
小贴士
any other 指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或物，其后一般跟可数名词单数。
4. China has the biggest population in the world.
中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
要点精析
population是一个集合名词，意为“人口；人口数量”。其常见用法如下：
①population常与定冠词the连用，单独作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
例：The world's population is increasing faster and faster.
世界人口增长得越来越快。
②当分数或百分数修饰 population作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
例：About seventy percent of the population in this country are farmers.
这个国家大约百分之七十的人口是农民。
③表示“某地有多少人口”时用“have/has a population of+数字”或“the population is+数字"。
例：China has a population of about 1.3 billion.=The population of China is about 1.3 billion.中国大约有13亿人口。
④表示人口的“多”或“少”要用big,large或small.
例：India has a large population and Singapore has a small population.
印度人口众多而新加坡人口少。
⑤询问某国、某地有多少人口时，不用“How much... 而用“What's the population of ... "
例：What is the population of the UK 英国的人口有多少？
5. The main reason was to protect their part of the country.
主要的原因是保护他们的那部分国土。
要点精析
protect动词，此处意为“保护；防护”。
例：There are fewer and fewer wild animals. It's important for us to protect them.
野生动物越来越少。对于我们来说保护它们很重要。
知识拓展
protect...from/against...保护......使不受......;防御......
例：He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴着太阳镜来保护他的眼睛不受强烈阳光的伤害。
6. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.更加严峻的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。
要点精析1
include 及物动词，意为“包括；包含”，指整体中包含明确说出的某些/个部分。
例：Does the price include postage 这个价格包含邮费吗？
Service is included in the bill.账单里包含服务费。
知识拓展
①included用作形容词，一般位于名词或代词之后，作后置定语，意为“包括在内的”。
例：Everyone laughed, me included.每个人都笑了，包括我在内。
②including用作介词，意为“包括（……在内）”，和其后的名词、代词等一起构成介宾短语。
例：Everyone laughed, including me.每个人都笑了，包括我在内。
要点精析2
condition名词，意为“条件；状况”。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。
例：We are interested in the work conditions in Africa.
我们对非洲的工作状况感兴趣。
He is overweight and out of condition.他体重超重并且健康状况不佳。
小贴士
表示“在……情况或环境下”，通常用介词in或under。
知识拓展
"on condition that+从句”表示“如果……；在……条件下”。
例：He can use the bicycle on condition that he (should) return it tomorrow.他可以使用自行车，条件是明天他必须归还。
7. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
当你快登顶时，呼吸也是很困难的。
要点精析
take in为固定短语，意为“吸入；吞入（体内）”。
例：Open the window and take in fresh air.打开窗户，吸入新鲜空气。
知识拓展
由take组成的常见短语：
take down拆除；记录
take after(外貌或行为）像
take away拿走；拿开
take off脱掉；(飞机）起飞
take up开始做；占据
take out取出
8.... while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.
……而来自日本的田部井淳子在1975年成为第一个成功登顶的女登山者。
要点精析
succeed用作不及物动词，意为“实现目标；成功”。
例：His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。
知识拓展
succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事
例：The boy succeeded in passing the exam.
这个男孩儿成功地通过了考试。
9. One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.一个主要的原因是人们想在面对困难时挑战自己。
要点精析1
challenge 此处用作及物动词，意为“挑战；考验”。
例：He challenged me to play chess.他向我挑战下象棋。
I only like to study something that really challenges me.
我只喜欢研究真正对我有所考验的东西。
要点精析2
in the face of为固定短语，意为“面对（问题、困难等）”。
例：He keeps a sense of humor in the face of great difficulties.
面对极大的困难时，他仍保持幽默感。
He showed great bravery in the face of danger.
面对危险他表现得非常勇敢。
10. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.这些攀登者的精神向我们表明：我们决不应该放弃，应尽力实现我们的梦想。
要点精析
achieve用作及物动词，意为“达到；完成；成功”。其宾语可以是“实现”的目标、目的等，也可以是“取得”的胜利、成功、名誉、地位等。
例：Everybody should be given the chance to achieve his aim.
每个人都应该被给予实现自己目标的机会。
He achieved no success.他没有获得成功。
辨析：achieve与come true
achieve 常用作及物动词，主语是人，宾语可以是“实现”的目标、目的，也可以是“取得”的胜利、成功、地位等
come true不及物动词短语，主语是希望、梦想等，不能用于被动语态
例：We all hope our dreams will come true though it is not easy to achieve them.尽管实现梦想不容易，但我们都希望梦想成真。
Section B 知识点精析
1.weighs 5,000 kilos重5000干克
要点精析
weigh动词，意为“重量是……；称……的重量”。
①表示“重量是……”时，是连系动词。
例：How much does it weigh 它的重量是多少？
②表示“称……的重量”时，是及物动词。
例：He weighed the sheep.他称了这只羊。
知识拓展
weight用作不可数名词，意为“重量；分量”。
例：What's the weight of the elephant 这头大象的重量是多少？
2. This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.
这头大象比这只大熊猫重许多倍。
要点精析
many times more than意为“比……多许多倍”。常见的倍数表达法：
（1）“A+谓语动词+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”，表示“A比B……多少倍”。
例：The car runs twice faster than that truck.
这辆小汽车的速度比那辆卡车的速度快一倍（是那辆卡车的速度的两倍）。
（2） “A+谓语动词+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。
例：This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.
这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。
"...times+more+(可数或不可数）名词+than+被比较对象"。
例：There are five times more books in our library than in yours.
我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆的书多四倍。
3. At birth, a baby panda is about 0. 1 to 0. 2 kilos.
出生时，一只大熊猫幼患大约0.1到0.2千克重。
要点精析
at birth意为“出生时”，在句中通常作时间状语。
例：The baby weighed three kilos at birth.那个婴儿出生时重量是3千克。
知识拓展
give birth(tosb./sth.)生孩子；产崽
例：Mary gave birth to a healthy girl.玛丽生了一个健康的女孩儿。
4.A panda can live up to 20 to 30 years.大熊猫能活到20至30岁。
要点精析
up to 意为“到达（某数量、程度等）;至多有；不多于”。
例：I can take up to four people in my car.我的小汽车最多能载四个人。
知识拓展
up to 的其他含义：
①直到；不多于；不迟于
例：Up to now he has been very quiet.到目前为止，他一直很安静。
②胜任
例：She's not up to the job.她胜任不了这项工作。
5. ... they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry.……他们发现大多数幼崽已经醒来并且饿了。
要点精析
awake用作形容词，意为“醒着”，在句中常用作表语，不能用在名词前作定语，也不能用very修饰。awake的反义词为asleep,意为“睡着”。
例：It's eleven at night,and he is still awake.夜里十一点了，他还没有睡。
辨析：awake与wake
awake形容词，意为“醒着”，常作表语
wake动词，意为“醒；叫醒”，常与副词up连用
例：The noise was keeping everyone awake.喧闹声吵得大家都睡不着。
I usually wake up at six every morning.我通常每天早上6点钟醒来。
6. Pandas do not have many babies, maybe only one every two years.大熊猫产崽并不多，也许每两年仅产一只幼崽。
要点精析
every two years为固定短语，意为“每两年”。every与数词或few,other等连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，其形式有：
（1）"every+基数词+名词复数”，意为“每……”。
例：I go there every three days.我每三天到那儿去一趟。
（2）“every +other+可数名词单数”，意为“每隔……”。
例：She goes shopping every other day.她每隔一天去购物一次。
（3）"every +few+名词复数",意为“每隔几……”
例：He stopped and turned around every few meters.
他每走几米就停下来向四周看一看。
7. The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long.
这些幼患经常死于疾病或者活不长久。
要点精析1
die from意为“死于”。
例：Those wild animals died from lack of food.那些野生动物死于食物缺乏。
辨析：die from与die of
两者都表示“因……而死，死于……”，宾语都是表示死亡的原因。当表示因病而死亡时，二者可通用
die from常用于指由于外部原因造成的死亡，如缺乏食物、饮酒过度、事故等
die of一般用于指由于人体自身原因（年老、忧伤等）原因造成的死亡
例：His uncle died from an accident.他的叔叔死于一起事故。
She died of sorrow.她死于忧伤。
要点精析2
illness名词，意为“疾病，病”，通常指因病而导致的不健康的状态。
例：She can't come because of illness.她因病不能来。
知识拓展
英语中有些形容词加后缓-ness 可构成名词。如：
kind-kindness(善良）
sad-sadness(悲伤）
happy-happiness(高兴）
8.risk 冒险
要点精析
risk动词，意为“冒险”，常用短语 risk one's life,意为“冒着某人的生命危险”。
例：He would risk his life for his friend.他愿为朋友出生入死。
He prepared to risk everything to avoid the war.他准备不惜一切来避免这场战争。
知识拓展
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
例：They may even risk losing their houses.他们甚至有可能失去他们的房子。
人教版初中英语课文参考翻译
八年级下册 Unit 7
Section A
Language Goal: Talk about geography and nature
语言目标：谈论地理与自然
Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰the Nile 尼罗河
the Caspian Sea 里海the Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠
教版
2c. Make conversations using the information in 2a.
用2a中的信息编对话。
A: Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world
你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？
B: Yes. I did. It's much older than my country.
是的，我知道。它比我的国家要古老得多。
2d.Role-play the conversation.分角色表演对话。
Guide: Feel free to ask me anything on today's Great Wall tour.
导游：在今天的长城旅游中，请随意问我任何问题。
Tourist: How long is the wall
游客1:城墙有多长？
Guide: Ah, the most popular question! If we're only talking about the parts from the Ming Dynasty, it's about 8,850 kilometers long. This makes it the longest wall in the world.
导游：啊，最普遍的问题！如果我们只说明朝修的长城的话，它大约8850千米长。这使它成为世界上最长的城墙。
Tourist 2: Wow, that's amazing! Why did the ancient emperors build the wall
游客2:哇，太令人惊奇了！为什么古代的皇帝要建这个城墙呢？
Guide: The main reason was to protect their part of the country. As you can see, it's quite tall and wide. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.
导游：主要的原因是保护他们的那部分国土。正如你所看到的，长城相当高而且宽。就我所知，再也没有其他像它这样大的人造物体了。
中英语人教版
Tourist 3: Is Badaling part of the Ming Great Wall
游客3:八达岭是明长城的一部分吗？
Guide: Yes, it's the most famous part.
导游：是的，它是最著名的部分。
3a. Read the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas.
阅读文章并把每一段与其大意搭配起来。
Paragraph 1 Spirit of climbers
段落1攀登者的精神
Paragraph 2 Achievements of climbers
段落2攀登者的成就
Paragraph 3 Facts and dangers
段落3事实和危险
Qomolangma-the Most Dangerous Mountain in the World
珠穆朗玛峰——世界上最危险的山？
One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the
highest and is the most famous. It is 8.844.43 meters high and so is very dangerous to climb. Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
世界上最危险的运动之一就是登山，而登山最受欢迎的地方之一就是喜马拉雅山脉。喜马拉雅山脉绵延在中国的西南部。在喜马拉雅山的所有山脉中，珠穆朗玛峰是最高的，也是最著名的。它高达8844.43米，所以攀登起来非常危险。山顶上浓云密布，而且雪可能下得很大。更加严峻的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。当你快登顶时，呼吸也是很困难的。
The first people to reach the top were Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on May 29, 1953. The first Chinese team did so in1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in1975.
丹增·诺尔盖和埃德蒙·希拉里于1953年5月29日首次登上（珠穆朗玛峰的）峰顶。中国登山队于1960年首次登顶，而来自日本的田部井淳子在1975年成为第一个成功登顶的女登山者。
Why do so many climbers risk their lives One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.
为什么这么多攀登者冒着生命危险（登山）呢？一个主要的原因是人们想在面对困难时挑战自己。这些攀登者的精神向我们表明：我们决不应该放弃，应尽力实现我们的梦想。它也显示了人类有时候能比大自然的力量更强大。
Grammar Focus
What's the highest mountain in the world
世界上最高的山是什么？
Qomolangma.
珠穆朗玛峰。
How high is Qomolangma
珠穆朗玛峰有多高？
It's 8,844.43 meters high. It's higher than any other mountain.
它有8884.43米高。它比其他任何一座山都要高。
Which is the deepest salt lake in the world
教版
世界上最深的咸水湖是哪一个？
The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.
里海是所有的咸水湖中最深的。
Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world
你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？
Yes, I did. It's much older than the US.
是的，我知道。它比美国要古老得多。
Section B
pare facts about these two animals. Use the language in the box to help you make sentences.
比较这两种动物的情况。用方框中的语言帮你造句。
Elephant 大象
-is 350 cm tall
350厘米高
-weighs 5,000 kilos 重
5000千克
-eats 150 kilos of food a day
一天吃150千克食物
Panda 大熊猫
-is 150 cm tall (standing on two legs)
150厘米高（双腿站立）
-weighs 100 kilos
重100千克
-eats 10 kilos of food a day
一天吃10千克食物
2b. Read the article to find out what these numbers mean:10,12,300,2,000.
阅读文章找出这些数字的意义：10,12,300,2000
Scanning
浏览
This means moving your eyes quickly down the page to find specific information.
意思是你的视线要快速在页面上扫视来找到特定的信息。
It is 8: 30 a. m. at the Chengdu Research Base. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas' of the breakfast. At 9: 00 a. m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry. When the babies see the keepers, they run over to them with excitement and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and fall over!
上午8点半，在成都研究基地。大熊猫饲养员正在准备熊猫幼崽的早餐牛奶。上午9点时，他们发现大多数幼患已经醒来并且饿了。当这些幼患看见饲养员时，它们兴奋地跑向他们，其中一些年幼的熊猫甚至撞上自己的伙伴而跌倒！
Lin Wei, one of the panda keepers, says, "They're so cute and lovely. I take care of them like they're my own babies. I wash, feed and play with them everyday. They're very special to me." In fact, many people around the world love these black and white animals. Pandas have become so popular that they are now a symbol of China.
林薇——其中的一名大熊猫饲养员说：“它们如此聪明可爱。我像照顾自己的孩子一样照顾它们。我每天给它们清洗、喂食，陪它们玩耍。它们对我来说很特别。”实际上，全世界许多人喜爱这些黑白相间的动物。大熊猫已经变得如此受欢迎以至于它们现在是中国的一种象征。
Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests.Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. Pandas do not have many babies, maybe only one every two years.The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. Many years ago, there were a lot more bamboo forests and pandas in China, but then humans started to cut down these forests. As the forests get smaller and other human activities cause more problems, pandas cannot find enough to eat and they are having fewer babies.
科学家们说，如今生活在森林里的大熊猫不足2000只。另外300只左右的大熊猫生活在中国和其他国家的动物园或研究中心。大熊猫产崽并不多，也许每两年仅产一只幼患。这些幼患经常死于疾病或者活不长久。成年的大熊猫每天花费超过12个小时吃大约10千克的竹子。很多年前，中国的竹林和大熊猫比现在要多得多，但是后来人类开始砍伐这些竹林。由于森林（面积）逐渐变小和其他人类活动造成的更多的问题，大熊猫不能找到足够的吃的，它们产崽更少。
An education program in Chengdu teaches children about pandas and other endangered wild animals. They send people to schools to tell children about the importance of saving these animals. And the Chinese government is trying hard to help save the pandas. Scientists are doing research to better understand the habits of pandas. We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas.
在成都有一个教育项目，它向孩子们教授关于大熊猫和其他濒危野生动物（的知识）。他们派人到学校告诉孩子们拯救这些动物的重要性。而且，中国政府也正在尽最大努力帮助拯救大熊猫。科学家正在进行研究，以便更好地了解大熊猫的（生活）习性。我们都希望将来将会有更多的大熊猫。