人教版初中英语八年级下册Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 语法阅读与写作

人教版初中英语八年级下册Unit9语法阅读与写作
语法专题
现在完成时（二）
1.构成
含有be动词的现在完成时的谓语部分由“have/has(助动词）+been”构成。
2.含有be动词的现在完成时的基本句式
(1)肯定句：主语+have/has +been+其他.
(2)否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't +been+其他.
(3)一般疑问句：Have/has+主语+been+其他？
肯定的简略回答是：Yes,主语+have/has.
否定的简略回答是：No,主语+have/has not.
(4)特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+been+其他？
3.用法
用来表示动作或状态发生在过去，但还对现在产生影响。可以和never, ever, once, twice, three, four/...times等副词（短语）连用。
例：I have never been there.我从未去过那里。
Have you ever been to Germany 你曾去过德国吗？
-Have you ever been to the Great Wall 你曾去过长城吗？
-Yes, I've been there twice.是的，我曾去过那里两次。
4."have/has been to+地点名词”与“have/has gone to+地点名词”的区别：
have/has been to+地点 表示“某人曾经去过某地”现在已经回来，不在那里了
have/has gone to+地点 表示“某人去了某地”现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在目的地或在返回的途中
5.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
(1)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
例：I saw this film yesterday.
昨天我看过这部电影了。（强调看的动作发生过了）
I have been to London twice.
我去过伦敦两次了。（强调对现在的影响，现在已对伦敦有所了解）
(2)一般过去时常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last year,...ago, in 1990, in October, just now等。现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，能与现在完成时连用的时间状语有 in the past/last few years, recently, so far等。
例：I went to the Great Wall last year.我去年去了长城。
I has done a lot of work in the last few years.在过去的几年中他做了许多工作。
语法专练
单项选择
1.(云南昆明中考）-Long time no see!
-Oh! It________ five years since we met last time.
A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
2.(浙江杭州中考）I______ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.
A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be
3.(新疆乌鲁木齐中考）Mr. Brown________ his hometown since he_______ the army.
A. has left; joined B. has been away from; has joined
C. has been away from; joined D. left; joined
4.(重庆中考）Sanya is beautiful city. I ________ there twice.
A. have gone B. have been C. have gone t D. have been to
5.(黑龙江绥化中考）-Where is Bob
-He _______ to Harbin for a meeting.
A. went B. has been C. has gone
阅读专题
词义辨析法
——完形填空题解题技巧（五）
英语中同义词、易混词及相似句型之间的区别，有的属英汉语意差别，有的属搭配不同表达意义不同，有的属搭配不同表达意义相同，有的属语气轻重有别，有的则属搭配范围和习惯不同等。因此，我们要把重点放在学习过程中常见的易混、易错之处，不求面面俱到，只求对症下药。
Tom was the son of a farm owner. On New Year's Day, his father asked him to work on the farm for one year when he was free. Tom was unhappy with the idea." That isn't my job. I have______ homework to do."
A. much too B. too much C. a lot D. many
解析：汤姆的爸爸让他去农场工作，汤姆并不高兴，并说：“那不是我的工作，我还有很多家庭作业要做”。此题选项中 much too 和 too much 很相似，但 much too 修饰形容词或副词，too much修饰不可数名词。homework是不可数名词，不能用may修饰；表示“许多”应该用a lot of而不是a lot。故选B。
写作专题
【写作话题】
本单元围绕“过去的经历”这一话题展开教学活动，通过小组讨论，帮助学生掌握描述过去经历的功能句式，培养学生的英语思维，使学生能够在相似的生活情境中运用所学语言，达到交流的目的。
【写作技巧】
谈论过去的经历往往涉及过去做过的事情，还可能涉及现在或将来。写这类短文时要用到一般过去时、现在完成时，也可能用到一般将来时。在写作时要注意按一定的顺序来写，层次要清楚，语句要通顺，用词要恰当。
【写作应用】
上周末你们班组织了一次野营活动，请根据图片提示，用英语讲述活动经过。
要求：1. 条理清晰，语意连贯；
2. 至少用上一个现在完成时的句子；
3. 80词左右。
写作模板
开头——交待事情发生的背景
went camping, climbed the mountain
中间——叙述事情发生的经过
fell down, hurt, helped me, got to the top, had a picnic, put up a tent and made a fire, had a good sleep
结尾——抒发感情
What a wonderful experience we had!
优秀范文
We went camping last weekend and we all had a great time.
First we needed to climb the mountain. We have been to its top five times so far. We were walking toward the top with great effort when I fell down and hurt my left knee. Luckily, Daming put me on his back immediately and we moved on. When we arrived at the top, we were excited to see the beautiful view. And then we had a picnic. It was dark soon, so we put up a tent and made fire. We all had a good sleep that night.
What a wonderful experience we had! I have learned a lot from the experience. I should be ready to help others when they are in trouble.
名师点评
②第一段点明时态 last weekend和故事背景 went camping。
②第二段，用when, luckily, and then, so等词贯穿全文，使文章结构清晰。
③第三段，抒发感情，表达对野营活动的感想。
人教版（新标准）初中英语参考答案与解析
八年级下册UNIT9
Have you ever been to a museum 你曾去过博物馆吗？
语法专练
1.C在含有“since+一般过去时的句子”的主从复合句中，主句用现在完成时，其构成为：主语+have/has+实义动词的过去分词。在本句中，句子的主语为it。故选C。
2.C由题中的关键信息 ever since“自从……以来”常用于现在完成时可知，句子应用现在完成时。现在完成时的结构为“主语+have/has+实义动词的过去分词”。故选C。
3.C从句子结构看，本句是含since引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句。since意为“自……以来”，后常接一般过去时的句子，而主句用现在完成时。故第一个空用现在完成时，第二个空用一般过去时，排除B、D两项。在含有since引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句谓语要用延续性动词或表示状态的动词，而leave是非延续性动词，be away为表示状态的谓语，故选C。
4.B由题干中twice可知“我去过那里两次了”。have been to表示“去过某地（已回来）”；have gone to表示“去了某地（尚未回来）”。由空格后地点副词 there 可知其前to应省略。故选B。
5.C has been to意思是“去过某地（已回来）";has gone to意思是“去了某地（尚未回来）”。句意：“鲍勃在哪里？”“他去哈尔滨开会了。”由句意可知C项正确。