2023年中考英语复习 专题一名词课件(共42张PPT)

(共42张PPT)
第一部分
语法专题训练
专题一 名词
1
知识导图
2
考点归纳
3
考点诊断
4
考点梳理
5
专题一 名词
课堂小测
考点 中考(广东卷)近5年考点统计
1.可数名词单复数 2019、2020、2021、2022
2.不可数名词 2018、2019、2020
3.名词所有格 2021、2022
4.名词的辨析 2018、2019、2020、2021、2022
进入中考名词考点学习前，我们先来进行该考点的自我诊断吧。请阅读以下短文，并在文中将所有的名词用下划线标示出来。
Television has come into our lives for many years.We can nearly say that we can't live happily without television.It can give us the latest information and news.It can open up our eyes and enlarge our knowledge. We can be entertained by the programs on television.Otherwise，we'll be boring all day if there is no television.The programs are attractive.After hard work, we can sit before the television enjoying ourselves.How wonderful it is!
Television has come into our lives for many years. We can nearly say that we can't live happily without television. It can give us the latest information and news. It can open up our eyes and enlarge our knowledge. We can be entertained by the programs on television. Otherwise，we'll be boring all day if there is no television. The programs are attractive. After hard work,we can sit before the television enjoying ourselves. How wonderful it is!
名词(Noun)表示人或事物名称的词。从形式上进行分类，可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。从意义上划分，可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。
名
词 专有名词 人名、地名、国名 Jim Smith，Mount Tai，Shanghai，China
组织、团体、机构、报刊 WTO(世贸)，China Daily(中国日报)
时间、语言、月份、节日 Monday，Chinese，January，
Spring Festival
由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般前面加the the Great Wall，the United States
名
词 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 country，girl，desk，doctor
集体名词 family，police，team，people，group
不可数名词 物质名词 wood，cotton，water
抽象名词 happiness，love，sadness，health
考点一：
可数名词变复数的规则变化
规则变化 例子
1.一般情况，直接加s books，cats
2.以字母s，x，ch，sh等结尾的名词复数，在词尾加es buses，boxes，matches，watches
3.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词复数，先变y为i，再加es cities，babies，families，factories，strawberries
4.以字母o结尾的名词复数，一般在词尾加s photos，pianos，radios，zoos，kilos
特例：The heroes like potatoes and tomatoes.
英雄喜欢土豆和西红柿。
5.以f或fe结尾的名词复数，把f或fe变为v，再加es lives，knives，leaves，wolves，thieves，wives，shelves
特例：scarfs/scarves
6.以元音字母＋y结尾的词，在词尾加s toys/boys/days
短文填空单句训练(盲填)。
1．It was reported that thousands of athletes from 91 ________________ took part in Beijing Winter Olympics in 2022.
2．At present, there are more than 7，000 kinds of ________________ in the world and English is the most widely used one.
countries
languages
3．Every year a large number of tourists from all over the world come to visit this place of ________________ in China.
4．The more careful you are, the fewer ________________ you will make in your test paper.
interest
mistakes
考点二：
部分可数名词变复数时的不规则情况
不规则变化 例子
“某国人”的单复数变化 Chinese，Japanese，Swiss，Englishmen，Frenchmen，Americans，Germans(巧记：中日瑞士不变，英法变，其他一律加s。)
单复数同形 sheep—sheep，deer—deer，fish—fish
元音或词尾发生变化 man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，
goose—geese
tooth—teeth，child—children, mouse—mice
不规则变化 例子
复合名词单复数变化：①最后一个词改为复数；②含man或woman的复合名词，前后两词都改为复数 1.apple trees，boy students，flower shops
2.women doctors，men teachers
字母、数字、引语或缩略词变复数，一般在词后面加s，也可以加's 1890s/1890's(19世纪90年代)
用名词的适当形式填空。
For thousands of tourists from China, Thailand is an excellent place to take a holiday.The best 5.____________ to visit Thailand is from April 13th to 15th, because it is the time of the Water Festival.People sing, dance and go on the streets to throw 6.____________ at each other.The local people think that water can wash away bad things and bring good luck.Beaches and sunshine are a lot of travelers' choice.
time
water
In this country，there are many hotels facing the sea, so you can have 7.____________ on the beach or swim in the sea.What's more, Thailand is a good place to try delicious 8.____________.If you go to Thailand, you won't forget to see elephants.The elephant is a symbol of Thailand.It is believed that Thailand is one of the most wonderful travel places.
fun
food/dishes
注意：注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能直接与具体数字或a，an 连用。如：an advice (×)，six news(×)等。如果不可数名词要表示一定的数量，则在其前加数量词表示。如：a bottle of water(一瓶水)，four pieces of paper(四张纸)。在这种情况下，后面谓语动词与量词有关。如：A bottle of water is not enough.But three bottles of water are OK.
考点三：
不可数名词
常考的不可数名词 fun，news，information，advice，weather，homework，work，housework，time，money，paper，traffic
肉类 meat，beef，mutton，pork
液体类 a glass of water/milk，a cup of tea/coffee
物质材料类 wood，plastic，steel，cotton，silver，sand，silk
单项选择。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
(　　)9.The three ________ upstairs are too small to have enough ________ for a double bed.
A．room; room B．room; rooms C．rooms; room D．rooms; rooms
C
(　　)10.Peter has got lots of ________ from the development project in China and he will never forget all the _______ of travelling around China.
A．experience; experiences B．experience; experience
C．experiences; experiences D．experiences; experience
(　　)11.If you want to keep in good ________，you should take ________ every day.
A．health；exercises B．healths; exercise
C．health; exercise D．healths; exercises
A
C
考点四：
名词所有格
规则 例子
一般在名词词尾加“'s” Tom's notebook　　　　　汤姆的笔记本
Father's/Mother's Day 父亲/母亲节
以s结尾的复数名词所有格，直接在词尾加“'” Teachers' Day　　　　　 教师节
of所有格表示无生命的名词所有格 the window of the room 　 房间的窗户
双重所有格 a friend of my mother's(＝one of my mother's friends) 我妈妈的一个朋友
a friend of mine 　　我的一个朋友
规则 例子
and连接的名词所有格：如果某物为两人共有，只在后面的名词词尾加“'s”；如果表示各自拥有，则两个名词都要加“'s” Lily and Lucy's mother 　
莉莉与露西的妈妈(共有的)
Tom's and Jim's mothers
汤姆与吉姆的妈妈(各自的)
表示时间、距离、城市、国家、团体、机构等方面的名词所有格，也可以在其后加“'s” twenty minutes' walk 20分钟的路程
today's newspaper 今天的报纸
America's problems 美国的问题
表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词常省略 at the doctor's　　　 在诊所
at my uncle's 在我叔叔家
注意：用介词to表示所属关系的几个常见搭配： the answer to the question，the key to the door，the way to school。
考点五：
名词的量化表达
试比较：a box of eggs & a box of money
句子表达时谓语动词应看量词box：
Two boxes of money are on the table.　　　　　　在桌上有两箱钱。
There is a box of books in the front of the classroom.
在教室前面有一箱书。
单项选择。
(　　)12.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on ________ Day.
A．Woman B．Women C．Woman’s D．Women's
(　　)13.Mr.Wang asked for two ________ leave to look after his sick father.
A．week B．week's C．weeks' D．weeks
D
C
(　　)14.Mrs Black is a friend of ________.
A.Mary's mother's B．Mary's mother
C．mother's of Mary D．Mary mother's
(　　)15.It is ________ from my home to school.
A．ten minutes' walk B．ten minute's walk
C．ten minutes' walks D．ten minutes walk
A
A
1．不可数名词和可数名词的比较
不可数名词 可数名词
advice 建议 suggestion 建议
chicken 鸡肉 chicken 小鸡
news 新闻 newspaper 报纸
information 信息 message 信息
orange 橘汁 orange 橘子
glass 玻璃 glass 玻璃杯
room 空间 room 房间
不可数名词 可数名词
experience 经验 experience 经历
exercise 锻炼；运动 exercise 练习；操
time 时间 time 次；倍；时代
paper 纸张 paper 试卷
work 工作 work 作品
wood 木头；木材 wood 树林；丛林
2.“数词＋名词＋形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词(有连字符号时)不能用复数形式而须用单数形式。
She is an eight year old girl.＝ She is eight years old.
她是一个八岁的女孩。
3．不可数名词与可数名词复数前的修饰词归纳如下：
修饰不可数名词 修饰可数名词复数
little，a little，much，a bit of few，a few，many，a number of
lots of，a lot of，plenty of，some，any
4.鞋子、袜子、裤子、眼镜等一般是复数的概念。
如shoes，socks，trousers，glasses，可用a pair of修饰。注意当与a pair of连用作主语时，谓语的单复数以pair为依据。
eg.The socks are blue. 袜子是蓝色的。
This pair of shoes is mine. 这双鞋子是我的。
小语篇训练。
Miss Chan, our class teacher, is my favorite teacher.We are going to leave this __16__ and I will miss her very much.
Miss Chan is very patient.Whenever we ask __17__ in class, she explains them to us very carefully.
(　　)16.A.school B．library C．concert D．museum
(　　)17.A.lessons B．problems C．questions D．prices
A
C
She is also kind because she cares much about us.She often says to us，“Tell me immediately if you feel unhappy.Share your __18__ with me and do not just try to solve it by yourself.”
Miss Chan is very generous(慷慨的).One day，she gave each of us a __19__， Three Days to See, and told us we should read more.
(　　)18.A.chance B．trouble C．advantage D．skill
(　　)19.A.mark B．smile C．book D．ticket
B
C
Not only do all of us like Miss Chan，but Miss Chan also likes my __20__ because she thinks all of us are excellent.She always says she thinks herself very lucky to be our teacher.She always thinks about our feelings.I hope I will go to a high school with __21__ as good as Miss Chan.
(　　)20.A.class B．people C．group D．public
(　　)21.A.stars B．tourists
C．scientists D．teachers
A
D
★中考高频名词相关短语
1 take place 发生 11 take action 采取措施
2 make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友 12 all kinds of 各种各样的
3 give a hand to sb. 给予某人帮助 13 live a happy life 过着愉快的生活
4 pay attention to 注意 14 get in the way of 妨碍
5 play a role 扮演角色 15 take part in… 参与……
6 keep in touch with 与……保持联系 16 places of interest 名胜古迹
7 make mistakes 犯错 17 take one's temperature 给某人量体温
8 make big progress 取得很大进步 18 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
9 make a difference 产生影响 19 to one's surprise 出乎某人意料
10 ask for help 寻求帮助 20 in danger/trouble__ 处于危险/麻烦境地
短文填空单句训练(盲填)。
22．People who fight against COVID 19 are all ___________ in my heart.
23．The house is too small and there is no _____________ for this fridge.
24．Finally, they got married and lived a happy ________________．
25．We'll have a party to celebrate our motherland's birthday on ________________ 1st.
heroes
room
life
October
26．Traditional Chinese ________________ has been playing an important role in treating COVID 19.
27．Lily has a sweet ________________．She wants to be a singer in the future.
28．As the saying goes, “The roses in her hand, the flavor in mine.” So we are supposed to give a ________________ to others when they are in trouble.
medicine　
voice　
hand
(满分：25分)　　你的得分：__________
一、语法选择。(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
How many times have you complained(埋怨)，“There aren't enough hours in the day？” Holly White __1__ graduated from University of Cambridge probably disagrees.
(　　)1. A. which B．who C．where
B
Since she began school four years ago, White __2__ her school daily life on the video sharing website YouTube.In her videos, she gets up at 6：30 a．m.and goes to bed at 10：30 p．m.every day.What's more, studying, cooking, house cleaning and exercising __3__ well in the videos.
(　　)2. A. record B．recorded C．has recorded (　　)3. A. plan B．was planned C．are planned
C
C
A similar case happened to college students in China.Months ago, Tsinghua University showed pictures of students' plans, study notes and timetable(时间表).In one of them, __4__ student makes full use of time in his daily life.He only takes 10 classes a week, __5__ he doesn't waste the rest of time at all.
(　　)4. A. a B．an C．the
(　　)5. A. but B．although C．because
A
A
When he feels it hard __6__ his timetable, he writes encouragements to himself, like “You're the best”， and “Go for it”．
The two students succeeded __7__ completing their study because of hard work.White was at the top of her 152 other classmates, and the student in Tsinghua University won a first class scholarship(奖学金).
(　　)6. A. following B．to follow C．follows
(　　)7. A. at B．with C．in
B
C
Both of them have __8__ in common.They learn a way of managing time well.Some wonder how they __9__ avoid tiredness and stress. White's video probably provides an answer.She advises writing our tasks on a to do list.
(　　)8. A. something B．anything C．everything (　　)9. A. need B．must C．can
A
C
We should also know how to avoid and release(释放) stress, because “Mental(精神的) health is as __10__ as our physical health.” To White, dancing is something she takes as a reward(奖励) after finishing everything on the list.Then enough sleep can rest her body and get ready to do a good job the next day.
(　　)10. A. important B．more important
C．the most important
A
二、短文填空。(共10小题，每小题1. 5分，共15分)
Honesty has always been a very important virtue(美德) since ancient times. Once there was __11__ old king who loved flowers. One day, he realized he had to find someone new to rule the country. He came up with an __12__. He asked his servants(仆人) to give out flower seeds to his citizens(公民). He then announced that the person __13__ could grow the most beautiful flowers for him would take his throne(王位).
11．　　　　　 12.　　　　　 13.　　　　　..
an　
idea　
who/that　
One young man __14__ David was excited about the news. He was sure he could win because he was __15__ at growing flowers than others. But no matter how __16__ he worked, his flowers didn't grow.
Finally, it was __17__ for everyone to show their flowers to the king. David took his empty pot to the palace. “I am sorry that I could not grow a flower. But I have already __18__ my best. ”he said.
14.　　　　 　 15.　　　 　.16．　　　　 17.　　　　 18.　　　 　　..
called/named
better　
hard　
time　
done/tried
The king was pleased with David's honesty. Though he did not choose David to be the new king, he gave David a job __19__ a royal court judge(皇家法庭法官) He believed that David's honesty would make him the right person to suit for the job.
As young students, we must be __20__ . We may lose real friendship, sincere love, even family relationship without honesty.
19.　　　　　 20. 　　 　　 .
as　
honest