2023年中考英语复习 专题三　代词课件(共59张PPT)

(共59张PPT)
第一部分
语法专题训练
专题一 名词
1
知识导图
2
考点归纳
3
考点诊断
4
考点梳理
5
专题三　代词
课堂小测
考点 中考(广东卷)近5年考点统计
1. 人称代词 2021、2022
2. 物主代词 2018、2019、2020、2022
3. 反身代词 2018、2019
4. 不定代词 2018
5. 疑问代词 2020、2021
6. 关系代词 2018
进入中考代词考点学习前，我们先来进行该考点的自我诊断吧。请阅读以下短文，并在文中将所有的代词用下划线标示出来。
Dan Robinson has been worried about himself all week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried anymore. At the station, a smiling policeman told him that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Dan was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Dan was a boy of fifteen!
Dan Robinson has been worried about himself all week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried anymore. At the station, a smiling policeman told him that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Dan was most surprised when he heard the news.He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Dan was a boy of fifteen!
语法分析：代词是代替名词或相当于名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。在句中使用代词是为了避免同一名词的重复出现。英语中的代词按其意义、特征及在句子中的作用可分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词。
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 变化形式表
　　　类别
人称 　　　　　　 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
单数 she her her hers herself
单数 it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
注意：人称代词的排列顺序：通常情况下，单数： you，he and I 　　　复数：we，you and they
考点一：
人称代词：代替人或事物
用法 例子
1. 主格用作主语 She is stronger than me. 　　她比我强壮。
2. 宾格用作宾语(位于动词和介词后) Miss Li often helps us with our English. 　　　李老师经常帮助我们学英语。
Jane's parents are waiting for her.
简的父母在等她。
单项选择。
(　　)1. ________ sees the girl passing by.
A．me B．He C．Her D．It
(　　)2. He showed ________ some pictures of different places in China.
A．it B．he C．us D．they
B
C
(　　)3. My grandpa lives alone in the countryside. I often visit ________ at weekends.
A．her B．them C．him D．it
(　　)4. Zhong Nanshan is a famous doctor. ________ is also a hero in our hearts.
A．He B．She C．Her D．His
C
A
考点二：
物主代词：表示所属关系
用法 例子
形容词性物主代词起形容词作用，在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词，不可以单独使用。 My car is broken. 　 　我的车坏了。
名词性物主代词起名词作用，在句中作主语、表语、宾语，可以单独使用。 My school bag is heavier than yours. 　
我的书包比你的重。
The young girl in white is a friend of mine.
穿白衣服的年轻女孩是我的一个朋友。
I ride my bike，and he rides his.
我骑我的车，他骑他的。
用法 例子
含有物主代词的固定搭配：
all one's life(一生中) 　　 　　　do one's best(尽某人最大的努力)
make up one's mind(下定决心) make one's decision(做决定)
on one's way to(在……的路上) to one's surprise(让某人感到惊讶的是)
with one's help(在……的帮助下)
短文填空单句训练(盲填)。
5．Xiao Zhan is very popular among people of different ages. He is also ________________ favorite actor. I have seen most of his TV plays.
6．—Whose computer is it Is it your father's
—No, it's not ________________.
my　
his　
7．Everyone has problems of ________________ own.
8．Anna has been used to ________________ life in Canada. The host family always try ________________ best to make her feel at home.
9．I left my English book at home. My deskmate Tom asked me to use ________________.
his/their　
her　
their　
his　
考点三：
指示代词：起指示作用，在句子中相当于形容词
用法 例子
指较近距离的人或事物用this，these。有时this用于指代下文出现的人、事、物等。 This is my friend. 　这是我的朋友。
指较远距离的人或事物用that，those；that有时用来代替前面出现过的抽象名词或不可数名词；those用来代替前面出现过的复数名词。 That girl is my cousin. 　　
那个女孩是我的堂姐。
The factories in Shanghai are more beautiful than those in Guangzhou. 上海的工厂比广州的工厂更漂亮。
单项选择。
(　　)10. —Hello, Mary. ________ my friends, Jack and Jim.
—Nice to meet you.
A．This is B．That is C．These are D．It is
(　　)11. —Hello, Linda speaking. Who's ________
—Hello, this is Martin.
A．he B．one C．that D．this
C
C
(　　)12. Your hometown is really nice! The air quality is as good as ________ of Sanya.
A．that B．one C．it D．those
(　　)13. —The bikes made in your factory are more expensive than ________ made in their factory.
—Yes, you are right. But ours are much better.
A．those B．that C．ones D．it
A
A
反身代词：表示谓语动词的动作返回到动作者本身，起强调或对比作用
考点四：
构成和用法 例子
　　第一人称和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词＋self/selves”构成，第三人称的反身代词由“宾格代词＋self/selves”构成。
在句中作宾语和介词宾语，或者加强语气。 We must look after ourselves.
我们必须照顾自己。
He can do it by himself. 他能自己完成。
I did my homework myself. ＝I myself did my homework. 我自己做完作业。
含有反身代词的固定搭配：
all by oneself＝alone(独自一人) 　　　　 enjoy oneself(玩得开心)
help oneself to(随便吃) teach oneself＝learn…by oneself(自学)
hurt oneself(伤到某人自己) say to oneself(自言自语)
小语篇特训。
After school on Friday, I waited to walk home with Jenny. Then I saw __14__ talking and laughing happily with some other girls. __15__ glanced(瞥一眼) at me and left me alone there.
(　　)14. A. she B．her C．hers D．herself
(　　)15. A. She B．She's C．Her D．Hers
B
A
I knew right then that I lost __16__ best friend. Sadly，I went home by __17__. After dinner, Mom asked, “Is Jenny coming tomorrow？” I said nothing. The next morning, Mom asked “Today is Saturday. What are Jenny and __18__ going to do？” I kept silent again. Mom looked at me. Then she asked, “What happened to you？”
(　　)16. A. I B．me C．my D．myself
(　　)17. A. my B．myself C．me D．mine
(　　)18. A. you B．your C．yours D．yourself
C
B
A
考点五：
不定代词：代替或修饰任何不定数量及一定范围的人或事物
辨析 例子
复合不定代词：
1．everything，something，
anything
& nothing
2．somebody，
someone，
anybody，
anyone，
everybody，
everyone，
nobody & no one something，somebody，someone一般用于肯定句，用于疑问句时表示说话者希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议 I have something important to tell you.
我有一些重要的事情告诉你。
Would you like something to drink
你想喝点什么吗？
anything，anybody，anyone用于疑问句和否定句，如果用在肯定句中，则表示“任何……” I didn't know anything about it. ＝I knew nothing about it. 我对这些事一无所知。
当形容词和副词修饰时，要放在不定代词之后(后置定语) This time I want to do something different.
这次我想做一些与众不同的事情。
Do you have anything important to say
你有什么重要的事情说吗？
辨析 例子
no one，none & nothing
①no one只能指人，不能与of连用，谓语动词用单数
②一般用来回答who，以及含anyone，anybody的疑问句 —Who is in the room？　　 —No one.
——谁在房间？ ——没有人。
—Is there anyone in the classroom？
—No one.
——教室里有人吗？ ——没有人。
①none可与of连用，可指人也可指物，谓语动词单数或复数都可以
②暗示一种数量，一般用来回答how many None of us has/have been to America.
我们中没有一个人去过美国。
—How many books are there in the box？
——盒子里有多少本书？
—None.
——一本都没有。
辨析 例子
no one，none & nothing ①nothing指物，谓语动词用单数
②一般用来回答含anything的一般疑问句以及what的特殊疑问句 —What is in the bag？　　　　　 　　　
——包里有什么？
—Nothing.
——什么都没有。
—Can you see anything in the sky？
——你能看到天空中有什么东西？
—No. Nothing.
——不能，什么都看不到。
all & both all用于三者或以上，可代替人，也可代替物，谓语用复数 All are here. 　　　　　　　　
所有人都在这儿。
both用于两者，谓语用复数 Both of us are teachers. 　　 　
我们两个都是老师。
辨析 例子
none & neither none用于三者或以上，可代替人或代替物，谓语动词用单数、复数都可以 None of us knows about the cause of the accident.
我们都不知道这次事故的原因。
neither用于两者，谓语用单数
neither…nor既不……也不……（连接两主语时，谓语遵循“就近原则”） Neither of them is interested in Japanese.
他们俩都对日语不感兴趣。
Neither the students nor she has come.
学生和她都没来。
any & either any三者或三者以上的任何一个 Any of them knows about the accident.
他们中任何一个人都了解这起事故。
either两者之一，两者任一
either…or或者……或者……
（连接两主语时，谓语遵循“就近原则”） You may come on Sunday or Monday. Either day is OK.
你可以周日或周一来。任何一天都可以。
Either you or he is right. 　　　
你或他是对的。
辨析 例子
other，
others，
the other，
the others
& another other＋名词复数 Other students will stay at school.
其他的学生都会留校。
others用于泛指，表示别的人或物
some…others…
一些……另一些…… Some students study harder than others.
一些学生比其他学生更努力学习。
Some are taking photos. Others are lying on the beach.
一些人在照相，另一些人躺在沙滩上。
the other指已知的两个人或物的另一个 He has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is an engineer. 他有两个儿子，一个是医生，另外一个是工程师。
the others＝the other＋名词复数特指某一范围内的其他人或物 Here are four books. One is for May and the others are for Lily. 这儿有四本书，一本给梅，剩下的都给莉莉。
another＋名词单数，意为“再一个，又一个” This is too short. Could you give me another shirt？
这太短了，你能给我另外一件衬衫吗？
辨析 例子
every & each every＋名词，不能单独使用，是形容词（三者以上每一个），不可与of搭配 Every student has his own hobby.
每个学生都有自己的爱好。
each＋名词，也可单独使用，是代词（二者或二者以上每一个），可与of搭配 There are many trees on each side of the road.
在路的每一边有很多树木。
Each of the students has a watch.
每个学生都有一只手表。
few，a few，
little，a little few和a few修饰可数名词，few用于否定 I have a few friends in America. 　
我在美国有一些朋友。
Lucy is new here，so she has few friends.
露西新来这里，所以她几乎没有朋友。
辨析 例子
few，
a few，
little，
a little
little和a little修饰不可数名词，little用于否定 He wants to borrow a little money. 　
他想借一些钱。
There is little water in the bottle. Would you bring some？ 瓶子里几乎没水了，你能拿些来吗？
much & many much＋不可数名词 It's unhealthy for you if you eat too much meat.
如果你吃太多肉，那是对你不健康的。
many＋可数名词复数 There are many vegetables in the fridge.
冰箱里有很多蔬菜。
单项选择题。
（　　）19. 　　　　 students have not seen 　　　　 movies during the school night.
A．some； some B．some； any
C．any； any D．any； some
B
（　　）20. It's good for the fish to have 　　　　 water plants in the tank（鱼缸） to keep the water pure（干净）.
A．little B．a little C．few D．a few
（　　）21. On the website， you can chat with 　　　　 in English to improve your spoken English.
A．other B．another C．the other D．others
D
D
（　　）22. —Which basketball player do you like best， Kobe， James or Jordan？
—　　　　 of them. Yao Ming is my favorite.
A．All B．None C．Neither D．Either
（　　）23. —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow 　　　　.
—No， I'd rather buy 　　　　 in the bookstore.
A．it； one B．one； one C．one； it D．it； it
A
B
（　　）24. —Which one can I take？
—　　　　 of them. I'll keep none.
A．All B．both C．any D．either
（　　）25. The two books are 　　　　 about English. You can choose 　　　　 of them to read.
A．all； both B．all； either C．both； either D．both； neither
C
A
（　　）26. —This time， we must depend on ourselves to solve the problem.
—I agree. 　　　　 but we ourselves can find a way out.
A．Everybody B．Nobody
C．Somebody D．Anybody
（　　）27. Did you do 　　　　 during the last summer vacation？
A．something special B．special something
C．anything special D．special anything
C
B
考点六：
关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose
用法 例子
用作引导定语从句的关联词 The man who helps us with our English is from Canada.
帮助我们学英语的那个男人来自加拿大。
I like music that I can sing along with.
我喜欢可以跟着哼唱的音乐。
短文填空单句训练（盲填）。
28. I will never forget the boy 　　　　　　　　 ever helped me.
29. Success will belong to those 　　　　　　 never say “impossible”．
30. The trees 　　　　　　　　 stand by the river have been green.
31. I will always remember the days 　　　　　 we spent in the village.
32. I took photos of the things and people 　　　　　 I was interested in.
who/that
who/that
that/which
that/which
that　
考点七：
疑问代词的用法
用法 例子
what（指物），常泛指“哪一类” What is your mother like？ 你妈妈什么样子？
which（指人或物），可单独使用，也可修饰名词 Which mobile phone do you like best？
你最喜欢哪一部手机？
Which do you prefer， pop music or country music？
你更喜欢哪一种，流行音乐还是乡村音乐？
who（m）（指人）， who在句中作主语、表语或宾语；whom只能作动词或介词的宾语 Who（m） will you go with？
你将要跟谁去？
whose（指人）， 意为“谁的”，可作代词，也可作形容词，作形容词时放在名词前 Whose book is this？＝ Whose is this book？
这本书是谁的？
短文填空单句训练（盲填）。
33. 　　　　　　　　 do you prefer， tea or coffee？
34. It has been several years since I left my hometown. I really want to know 　　　　　　　　 changes have happened to my hometown.
35. 　　　　　　　　 umbrella is this？
Which　
what
Whose　
考点八：
it的用法
用法 例子
it指代前面提到过的事物，指原物
*one用以代替已经提过的泛指单数的可数名词，但one和已提过的名词不是同一物 My father bought a computer and gave it to me as a present. 爸爸买了一台电脑给我作为礼物。
I lost my umbrella and I must buy one.
我丢了雨伞，所以必须去买一把。
代替指示代词this或that，this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方 —Is that Lucy speaking？　请问你是露丝吗？
—Yes，it is. （Yes，this is Lucy speaking. ）
是的。
指代婴儿或不明身份、性别的人 Someone is knocking at the door. Who might it be？
有人在敲门，不知道是谁呢？
用法 例子
表示天气、时间和距离 It is sunny today. 　　　　今天天气晴朗。
It is about 20 minutes' walk from my home to school.
从我家到学校大约要20分钟的路程。
*it作形式主语或形式宾语，真正的主语或宾语是后面的动词不定式短语、动词的 ing形式或that从句 It is easy to have a healthy lifestyle，and it's important to eat a balanced diet. 拥有健康的生活方式很简单，饮食均衡也很重要。
It takes me about 25 minutes to walk to school.
我花了25分钟步行到学校。
Jim can understand most of the lessons. He finds it easy to study. 吉姆能够弄懂大部分课程，他发现学习很简单。
单项选择题。
（　　）36. I can't find my ticket. I think I may have lost 　　　　.
A．that B．this C．it D．one
（　　）37. 　　　　 is clear that smoking is bad for our breath.
A．Its B．It's C．It D．That
C
C
（　　）38. Someone is knocking at the door. Who can 　　　　 be？
A．this B．that C．one D．it
（　　）39. We find 　　　　 impossible for us to learn science well in a short time.
A．it B．this C．that D．these
A
D
1. 否定句中all表部分否定，none表全部否定。如：
All of us don't know about the accident. 　　　　　
并非我们所有人都了解这起事故。
None of us knows about the accident. 　　　　　
我们都不了解这起事故。
2. his和its既可以作形容词性物主代词，又可以作名词性物主代词。如：
My computer is new but his is old. 　　　　　
我的电脑是新的但是他的电脑是旧的。
3. 当形容词和副词（如else）修饰不定代词时，要放在不定代词之后。如：
something special，somewhere else
小语篇训练。
Kindergartens（幼儿园） may teach you very important things you need to know. Dancy， a 5 year old boy， saved 　40　 father's life with the skills he learned.
（　　）40. A. he B．his C．him
B
The boy's father became seriously ill on the way home from a father-son shopping. 　41　 couldn't speak and could hardly move， but he tried hard to stop the car safely. At that point， Dancy used his father's phone to call his mother for help. The 5 year old boy tried his best to give her 　42　 useful and he was able to tell where 　43　 were.
（　　）41. A. He B．His C．Him
（　　）42. A. everything B．anything C．something
（　　）43. A. they B．them C．their
A
C
A
Just as he had learned in kindergarten， Dancy read the letters he saw on a nearby store sign： “F， U， R， N， I， T， U， R， E．” But that wasn't enough for his mother to find them. Then he added that they were near a bridge. Finally， his mother understood he was talking about a store called Furniture 22 on New Jersey's Route 22. The mother called 911 and the father was saved in time.
“He just thought his dad needed help，” Dancy's mother told the reporter. She also pointed out that 　44　 husband was a hero， too. “It's surprising for him to get off the highway and get 　45　 and his child to safety even when he was so sick，” she said. Shine， head of the kindergarten， felt proud of his pupil. “Dancy's spelling skills helped him seize（抓住） the moment，” he said. “And that's the real value of education. ”
（　　）44. A. she B．hers C．her
（　　）45. A. he B．his C．himself
C
C
★中考高频代词相关短语
1 do/try one's best 尽某人最大的努力 11 enjoy oneself 玩得开心
2 keep one's word 信守诺言 12 help oneself to 随便吃
3 make up one's mind 下定决心 13 say/talk to oneself 自言自语
4 in one's opinion 在某人看来 14 dress oneself 穿衣服
5 on one's own 独自 15 lose oneself 迷路
6 to one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是 16 teach oneself＝learn…by oneself 自学
7 save one's life 挽救某人的生命 17 make someone feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
8 take one's time 慢慢来 18 on the one hand…on the other hand 一方面……
另一方面
9 take one's temperature 量体温 19 have something/nothing to do with 与……有关
系/没关系
10 by oneself 独自 20 have something in common 有共同点
短文填空单句训练（盲填）。
46. Mr. Jackson is a popular writer， and we all like reading　　　　 　.　　 books.
47. In 　　　　　　　　 opinion ， nothing is impossible for her.
his　
her/that
48. People in Henan were extremely thankful to the government and volunteers who saved 　　　　　　　　 lives from all parts of China during the flood.
49. You must finish homework by 　　　　 　　　　.
50. Little Tom is too young to dress 　　　　　　　　.
their
yourself/yourselves
himself
一、语法选择。（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）（2022·山西改编）
Recently， I had a hard time working on a group project. My teacher put me with three classmates， but 　1　 didn't care about whether the work could be done. I had no idea about 　2　 I could do at all.
As we set the table for dinner， my mom noticed I was very 　3　 . “What's going on？” she asked.
（　　）1. A. they B．them C．their
（　　）2. A. why B．what C．how
（　　）3. A. sad B．sadder C．saddest
A
B
A
“The others in my group aren't doing any work. It seemed that they didn't expect 　4　 on the projects，” I replied. “Do I have to do all the work for everyone 　5　 I don't want a bad grade？”
“Well，” my mom said with 　6　 smile. “I doubt you're responsible（负责的） for everyone else's part. Why don't you talk about it with your partners？”
（　　）4. A. work B．working C．to work
（　　）5. A. so B．until C．if
（　　）6. A. a B．an C．the
C
C
A
And at our next group meeting， I shared my worries 　7　 a friendly way. “Since we are working as a team， we're depending on each other to do our best，” I 　8　 to them. “If anyone is having troubles， maybe we can talk about the ways of solving them together. Let's work together and finish the task. ”
（　　）7. A. on B．by C．in
（　　）8. A. say B．am saying C．said
C
C
To my 　9　， all my group members ended up doing their part. And the work 　10　 on time. They didn't do things the way I would have. But I guess that's the deal with group projects.
（　　）9. A. surprise B．surprised C．surprising
（　　）10. A. finished B．was finishing C．was finished
A
C
二、短文填空。（共10小题，每小题1. 5分，共15分）（2022·三水一模改编）
Two friends， Jim and Stew， joined a big sales company together just after their graduation. Both of 　11　 worked really hard.
Three years 　12　， the company's director chose Stew to sales executive（经理）. Instead， Jim did not get promoted（提拔） although he worked hard.
11．　　　　　 12.　　　　　.
them　
later　
Jim thought it was not fair， so he asked his boss 　13　 he didn't promote the hard working workers. The boss knew that Jim worked hard， and to show the 　14　 between him and Stew， he asked， “Go and find anyone selling watermelons in the market. ”
When Jim 　15　 to the office， the boss asked him， “How much per kilogram？” Jim didn't ask the seller about that， so he went back to the market and then went back to say the price—$12 per kg.
13.　　　　　 14.　　　　　 15.　　　 　　.
why　
differences
returned　
Then the boss asked Stew the 　16　 thing. When he went back， he said， “At the moment， there is one person 　17　 is selling watermelons， 10 kg. Now he has 340 watermelons in stock （存货）. On the table there are 48 watermelons， and each of them weighs about 15 kg. Watermelons were brought from the south only two days ago，
　18　 they are fresh. ”
16．　　　　　 17.　　　　　 18.　　　　　..
same
who
so
Hearing this， Jim 　19　 the differences between him and Stew. He knew that he could learn a lot 　20　 his friend.
Successful people can think and see further， while most people see only tomorrow.
19.　　　 　　 20. 　　 　　 .
from
knew/realized