2023年中考英语复习 话题十四　自然、世界与环境课件（53张PPT）

(共53张PPT)
第三部分
话题专题训练
主题三　人与自然
专题一 名词
1
仿写练习
2
时文阅读
3
话题特训
话题十四　自然、世界与环境
（Nature，the world and environment）
单
词 world n. 　 世界　　　　 2. environment n. 　环境　　　　
3. earth n. 　　地球 4. planet n. 行星
5. island n. 岛屿 6. area n. 地区
7. wood n. 木头 8. forest n. 森林
9. surface n. 表面 10. coast n. 海岸
11. ice n. 冰 12. ground n. 地面
13. drop v. 落下 14. shine v. 发光
15. grow v. 生长；种植 16. space n. 太空
17. feed v. 喂养 18. air n. 空气
19. beach n. 海滩 20. rise v. 升起
短
语 1. hundreds/thousands/millions of成百上千/成千上万/数以百万　　
2. air/water/noise/white pollution空气/水/噪音/白色污染
3.a number of许多 4.die out消失；绝迹
5.keep off使……远离 6.places of interest名胜古迹
7.prevent…from阻止 8.put away收拾好
9.run out of用完 10.with the help of在……帮助下
11.in peace和平 12.global warming全球变暖
13.greenhouse effect温室效应 14.bird flu禽流感
15.sand storm沙尘暴 16.acid rain酸雨
17.snow disaster雪灾 18.medical care医疗
短
语 19.reduce/cut down pollution减少污染
20.save energy节能
21.protect the environment保护环境
22.throw away rubbish everywhere乱扔垃圾
23.cut down the trees砍树
24.be harmful to对……有害
25. reuse our old/used…再利用我们用过的……
26.save electricity节电
27.take action采取行动
28.rather than而不是
29.instead of using plastic bags而不是用塑料袋
30.turn on the air conditioner开空调
1. We should use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping.
去购物时我们应当使用布袋而不是塑料袋。
2. Throwing rubbish everywhere and cutting down a lot of trees will lead to a worse environment.
乱丢垃圾和大量砍伐树木会造成环境恶化。
3. Xi'an is a beautiful city which has many places of interest.
西安是一座拥有许多名胜古迹的美丽城市。
4. We must stop/prevent some fishermen from catching lots of fish every day.
我们必须阻止一些渔民每天大量捕鱼。
5. It's our duty to make a contribution to our city's development.
为我们的城市发展作出贡献是我们的责任。
1. Xi'an is a beautiful city with lots of places of interest.
西安是个美丽的城市，有许多名胜古迹。
【要点讲解】a place/places of interest 意为“名胜古迹”
【仿写练习】到目前为止你在中国已经去过多少个旅游风景区？
___________________________________________________________
How many places of interest have you visited/been to in China so far
2. We must stop some fishermen from catching a lot of fish every day.
我们必须阻止一些渔民每天大量捕鱼。
同义短语包括：stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.
【要点讲解】stop sb. /sth. （from）doing sth. 意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”
【仿写练习】昨天老师阻止他在考试中作弊。
___________________________________________________________
The teacher stopped him from cheating in the exam yesterday.
3. However， no spaceship has travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.
然而，没有宇宙飞船能飞到我们银河系的其他星球。
【要点讲解】adj. /adv. ＋ enough to do sth. 意为“足够……可以做某事”
【仿写练习】这个男孩还小，不能自己穿衣服。
____________________________________________________________
This boy is not old enough to dress himself.
4. Do you divide the waste into things to recycle and things to throw away？
你把垃圾分成可回收的和可扔掉的吗？
【要点讲解】divide…into… 意为“把……分成……”
【仿写练习】老师把学生们分成了8个小组。
___________________________________________________________
The teacher divided the students into 8 groups.
5. It's no use talking about things we can't do.
谈论我们不能做的事情是没有用的。
同义句型包括：It's no use/good doing sth.
【要点讲解】It's no use doing sth. 意为“做某事没有用”
【仿写练习】呆在这儿没有用，我们必须做些事情。
___________________________________________________________
It's no use staying here. We must do something.
6. If we pay attention to protecting the environment now， the future will be hopeful.
如果我们现在注意保护环境，未来将充满希望。
【要点讲解】pay attention to doing sth. 意为“注意做某事”
【仿写练习】上课时我们必须认真听老师讲课。
___________________________________________________________
We must pay attention to listening to the teacher carefully in class.
7. Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use？
你有没有想过，这些东西怎么才能派上用场？
同义短语包括：make good use of sth.
【要点讲解】put sth. to good use 意为“好好利用某物”
【仿写练习】作为学生，我们要充分利用好我们的时间。
___________________________________________________________
As students, we should put time to good use/make good use of time.
1. All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。
2. Little by little and bit by bit. 滴水穿石。
3. Man struggles upwards，water flows downwards.
人往高处走，水往低处流。
4. Only to obey nature in order to overcome nature.
要征服自然就只能遵从自然。
5. Without green，life has no hope. 没有绿色，生命就没有希望。
全球塑料污染加剧
Plastic pollution is a global（全球的） problem.
If the world takes immediate action to reduce the use of plastic， there will be still about 710 million metric tons of plastic that will pollute the environment by 2040， a new research has found. The study， from a group and published in the magazine Science， found that even in the best situation where pollution was reduced by 80%， there would be still a lot of plastic in the world by 2040.
Millions of tons of plastic enter the oceans every year， polluting the seas， littering beaches and endangering wildlife. Pieces of plastic have been found in soil， in the atmosphere（大气层） and even in the farthest area， such as Antarctica（南极洲） They are also eaten by fish. As a result， they enter the food chain（食物链）.
“A rapid growth in plastic production is influenced by a rise in single -use plastic. What's worse， throw away culture has made the problem become more severe．” the report said.
Meanwhile， waste management systems in countries around the world are unable to deal with or recycle plastic waste safely.
The team found that there were no shortcuts（捷径） to reduce global plastic pollution. Instead， change is needed across the whole supply chain（供应链）—from the production of plastic， to pre-consumption（消费前） and after use to stop the spread of plastic pollution into the environment.
One key finding of the study is that waste mismanagement（管理不善） isn't from the problem of the spaces or ways to deal with waste， but from the waste collection. “There are billions of people without collection services right now. You can't deal with something you haven't collected，” said Dr. Winnie Lau.
The team noted that in many middle- income（中等收入的） countries， such as India，waste pickers made a living by collecting plastic and their work was a key part of being able to solve this collection problem. It will be a useful way to cut down the waste of plastic.
（　　）1. The study in the magazine science found 　　　　.
A．there would be still a lot of plastic waste in the world by 2040
B．people could reduce plastic pollution by 80 percent by 2040
C．plastic pollution would disappear from the world by 2040
D．people could solve the problem of plastic waste completely by 2040
A
（　　）2. The reason why plastic waste gets into the food chain is that 　　　　.
A．people feed plastic waste to fish
B．fish eat pieces of plastic in the sea
C．plastic waste can mix with soil
D．plastic waste can enter fish's blood easily
B
（　　）3. The underlined word “severe” in this passage means 　　　 .
A．serious B．personal C．valuable D．interesting
（　　）4. According to the study， the change is needed throughout the supply chain for 　　　　.
A．saving the fish easily
B．solving the collection problem
C．cutting down global plastic pollution
D．helping middle -income countries
A
C
（　　）5. The passage is mainly about 　　　　.
A．the plastic in our daily life
B．the influence of plastic waste on fish
C．the way to cut down using plastic
D．the study about plastic waste
D
A. 语法选择。 （2022·广州二模）
Many people don't know some dogs are doing the same jobs as people do. The senses of a dog are better than a person's， 　1　 dogs do some jobs actually better than people. For example， the ability of hearing of dogs is excellent. Sometimes， a dog can hear 　2　 we can't hear， such as someone talking a few houses away.
（　　）1. A. but B．so C．or
（　　）2. A. what B．when C．who
B
A
Dogs also have a very powerful sense of smell. A dog's sense of smell is almost 50 times better than a 　3　！ However， whether the job is suitable（合适的） for a dog depends on its size， IQ and skills.
Have you seen search -and- rescue（搜救） dogs？ These dogs use their amazing senses of smell 　4　 people who are lost.
（　　）3. A. person B．persons C．person's
（　　）4. A. find B．to find C．found
C
B
A search -and- rescue dog might help find someone missing after 　5　. earthquake. Search- and -rescue dogs are usually smart and large. They can keep on working 　6　 many hours without resting.
Other dogs work by guiding people and helping 　7　 get from place to place.
（　　）5. A. the B．a C．an
（　　）6. A. by B．from C．for
（　　）7. A. they B．them C．their
C
C
B
Guide dogs 　8　 blind people keep safe to make their way across busy streets， up steps and inside shopping centers. Guiding dogs have to be large too， and cannot be afraid of cars， loud noises or strangers.
A working dog which visits elderly people in nursing homes and hospitals is called a therapy（心理治疗） dog.
（　　）8. A. help B．helped C．were helping
A
Its job is to make people feel much 　9　 and less lonely. These dogs don't have to be big and strong. They can be small， cute and easy to be trained and get along with.
In the future， more dogs 　10　 to help people. They are really our good helpers.
（　　）9. A. good B．better C．well
（　　）10. A. will train B．will be trained C．are trained
B
B
B. 阅读理解。（2022·深圳二模）
On Saturday， an underwater volcano（火山） in Tonga（汤加） erupted（爆发） in the South Pacific Ocean. Tonga is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean， home to about 105，000 people. The volcano is off the coast of Tonga. Even though the volcano was underwater， it sent lots of gas and stones 12
miles into the sky.
It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the disaster knocked out Internet service in the area. Like most island countries， Tonga gets its Internet through a cable（缆绳） that runs deep under the sea. Experts say it's not yet clear whether the cable was broken during the disaster or simply lost power.
A four -foot wave hit the capital， Nuku'alofa. People in low -lying areas were forced to go to higher ground. There are reports of the disaster in Tonga.
Many houses near the shore were flooded. At present， the biggest danger is probably from the smoke and gas from the volcano that have covered much of Tonga. The gas makes the air dangerous to breathe， and it is believed to have polluted drinking water in this country.
New Zealand and Australia have sent teams to Tonga to help out. Some of the teams will use airplanes to get a better idea of the disaster across the island country. The large cloud of gas high above Tonga is making it impossible to get a good picture of what's happening in the area from high in the air and know exactly how serious the disaster is.
（　　）1. What information can we get about the volcano from paragraph 1？
A．It is underwater and in an island country.
B．It erupted in the North Pacific Ocean.
C．More than one million people live next to it.
D．It was under the ocean and sent stones into the water.
（　　）2. What does the underlined expression “knocked out” mean？
A．changed B．improved C．destroyed D．brought
C
A
（　　）3. Which of the following can we infer（推断） from paragraph 3？
A．The gas from the volcano makes no difference to Tonga.
B．People in low -lying areas can stay in their houses to keep safe.
C．All the houses in low -lying areas were completely damaged.
D．People in Tonga will be short of clean drinking water.
D
（　　）4. Why is it hard for the teams to know exactly what's happening in the area？
A．The teams from New Zealand and Australia don't work together.
B．The airplanes cannot take off because of the gas.
C．The teams don't know how to take a good picture.
D．The gas stops the teams from taking a good picture.
（　　）5. Where can we probably read this article？
A．In a sports magazine. B．In a newspaper.
C．In a science fiction. D．In a fashion magazine.
B
D
C. 短文填空。（2022·南海一模改编）
It was raining， but thousands of people were still running the marathon（马拉松）. The yearly Toronto Marathon was on May 1， and it interested over 14，000 runners 　1　 came from different countries. I volunteered at the marathon.
I got there at 6：30 in the morning to help set up a station. Volunteers filled up water in cups and 　2　 them to the runners. As the runners were in a 　3　， they would just throw the cups on the ground.
1．　　　　　　 2.　　　 　　　 3.　　　　 　.　
who/that
passed/gave/handed
hurry/rush
So my job was to 　4　 up the cups. When I did that， so many people said “thank you”．I felt warm even 　5　 it was raining and very cold.
But when I was picking up cups， a runner threw a cup at me and the juice got on my trousers. I was kind of 　6　 at first， but then I thought he might have just been trying to do me a favor.
After I worked for 　7　 hour， my jacket and hair were all wet. I kept on picking up cups， but I didn't feel tired at 　8　.
4.　　　　　　 5.　　　 　　. 6．　　 　　　.　
7.　　　　　　 8.　　　 　　.　
pick　
though/if
mad/angry/crazy/unhappy
an　
all
It was probably because all the runners were so energetic and excited. They encouraged me.
I learnt a lot 　9　 volunteering. I know that we should always think about things from another person's perspective（角度）. Maybe what you saw is not what people actually wanted to do. Besides， we need to exercise more to 　10　 fit. Running is a good habit to have， and we should start running now！
9.　　　　　　 10. 　　 　　 .
from　
keep
D. 读写综合。（2022·汕头一模改编）
（一）回答问题。
请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。
Although the world develops much faster and better， the resources（资源） on the earth get fewer and fewer nowadays. In order to protect them， we must do something as follows.
Save water. Water is the source of life. No water， no life. The lack（缺乏） of water has been one of the biggest problems in the world， so it's very important for us to save it. We should not only protect drinking water and stop polluting it， but also make full use of it.
Save electricity. It is important. We can't imagine what the life will be like without it. Everyone should do his best to save electricity. We should never forget to turn off the lights or other electric machines when we finish working in a room.
Save trees. Trees are useful. They play an important role in our life. Please stop cutting them down and try to plant more trees so that we can make our world a green one to live in.
Recycle（回收利用）useful rubbish. Lots of rubbish can be recycled such as paper， cans， bottles， and so on. We are supposed to put the rubbish into good use. We can save resources in this way.
1. What is the situation of the resources on the earth nowadays？
___________________________________________________________
2. What is the source of life？
___________________________________________________________
3. Why is it important for us to save water？
________________________________________________________________________________________________
The resources on the earth get fewer and fewer nowadays.
Water is the source of life. /Water.
Because the lack of water has been one of the biggest problems in the world. /Because no water，no life.
4. What should we do when we finish working in a room？
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. How many things must be done in order to protect the resources？
___________________________________________________________
We should never forget to turn off the lights or other electric machines ( when we finish working in a room).
Four things must be done in order to protect the resources. /Four. /4.
（二）书面表达。
现在我们周围的环境污染越来越严重。作为一名中学生，我们应节约资源，保护环境，从我们身边的小事做起，做一个过“低碳生活”的中学生。请以“ My Low -carbon Life” 为题，写一篇短文描述自己的“低碳生活”。
内容包括：1. 描述地球污染的现状。
2. 你是怎样从身边小事做起，过“低碳生活”的。
3. 号召更多的人加入到“低碳生活”中来。
作文要求：1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名。
2. 语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
My Low -carbon Life
The evironmental pollution is getting worse and worse today.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二步：列好提纲
第一步：分析题目
文体　　　　　　　 　.　　　时态　　　　　　　　　.
人称　　　　　　　　　.　　　
.
首段简述目前地球各种污染的情况。
详细介绍你在日常生活中是如何做到“低碳生活”的，可列举2～3种做法。
号召更多人保护环境并加入到“低碳生活”中来。
第一段
第二段
第三段
说明文
一般现在时
第一人称
1. it's of great importance to do… 意为“做……相当重要”，意思与it's important to do… 相近。
【例句】我认为加强对这一领域相关问题的研究相当重要。
I think it's of great importance to strengthen the research on this area.
【仿写】作为一名中学生，为了节约能源、减少污染，采取行动过一种低碳生活是相当重要的。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第三步：高分句型
As a middle school student, it's of great importance to take actions to have a low carbon life in order to save energy and reduce pollution.
2. make full use of 意为“充分使用，充分利用”。
【例句】我们必须努力充分利用生活中的每一个机会来提升自我。
We must try to make full use of every opportunity to improve ourselves.
【仿写】我总是充分地利用纸张和其他学习用具。
___________________________________________________________
I always make full use of paper and other school things.
3. make a contribution to 意为“对……作出贡献”，此处to为介词，后接名词或动词 ing形式。
【例句】作为城市居民，我们的职责就是对我们城市的建设和发展作贡献。
As the urban residents， it's our duty to make a contribution to our city's construction and development.
【仿写】我希望每个人都能加入我的队伍来并为使我们的城市变得越来越美作出贡献。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope everyone can join me and try their best to make a contribution to making our city more and more beautiful.
My Low- carbon Life
The environmental pollution is getting worse and worse today. ________________________________________________．As a middle school student， it's of great importance to_________________________
________________________________________________.
Firstly， I _____________________________________________.
第四步：运用and， firstly， secondly， thirdly等连接词连接句子。
第五步：语段练习
Many trees are cut down, and water and air are polluted
take actions to have a low carbon life in order to save energy and reduce pollution
often walk to school. It can help reduce air pollution
Secondly， I _______________________________________________
_____________. Thirdly， I ____________________________________
___________________________________.
I hope __________________________________________________
_________________________________________.
always turn off the lights and fans when leaving the classroom
always make full use of paper and other school things and never waste water
everyone can join me and try their best to make a contribution to making our city more and more beautiful
E. 写作实战演练。
根据CCTV晚间新闻报道，每年流入大海的微塑料多达1300万吨，这导致了大量鱼类的死亡。科学家预测，如果不采取措施限塑，2050年海洋里的塑料重量将比鱼类还重。作为中学生，我们应该减少塑料制品的使用。请以“Say No to Plastics”为题，写一篇英语短文。
内容包括：1. 当今人们使用塑料的现状。
2. 以自身为例，说明可以如何减少塑料的使用（至少两种）。
3. 呼吁人们保护环境，减少塑料的使用。
作文要求：1. 不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称、老师和同学的真实姓名。
2. 80词左右；短文的标题已经给出，不计入总词数。
Say No to Plastics
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As we all know, plastics have seriously polluted the environment and can be seen everywhere.
In my daily life, I usually do some small things to reduce the usage of the plastics. I used to use plastics too much in my daily life. Now I realize that it's a terrible habit. Everyone is supposed to reduce the use of plastics. For example, I am used to using a cloth bag or a basket instead of plastic ones while shopping. Even if I have no choice but to use plastic bags, I will try my best to recycle and make full use of them. Moreover, I know the harmful effects of plastics and often tell others to stop using them or use them less.
All in all，we should reduce the use of plastics so that we can hopefully protect the earth and make it greener.