2023年中考英语复习 专题六　介词课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
第一部分
语法专题训练
专题一 名词
1
知识导图
2
考点归纳
3
考点诊断
4
考点梳理
5
专题六　介词
课堂小测
考点 中考（广东卷）近5年考点统计
1. 表时间的介词 2018、2021
2. 表地点和位置的介词 2021、2022
3. 表示方式、手段、方向等的介词 2019、2020
4. 其他常见介词 ——
5. 介词短语 ——
6. 固定搭配 2018、2019、2020、2022
进入中考介词考点学习前，我们先来进行该考点的自我诊断吧。请阅读以下短文，并在文中将所有的介词用下划线标示出来。
Parents often get angry because of their trouble in their lives. Let's say that your mother is not happy about her boss. If she doesn't have other ways of expressing her feelings， she might come home and yell at you， scream at your dad， or even say something mean. Here's how to handle it when an adult in your life has trouble controlling his or her anger： Don't make it worse. Angry people can have trouble thinking clearly， so try not to do or say anything to make things worse. Wait till your parent cools off， then talk with him or her in a calm tone， and try to explain how the anger is affecting you.
Parents often get angry because of their trouble in their lives. Let's say that your mother is not happy about her boss. If she doesn't have other ways of expressing her feelings, she might come home and yell at you, scream at your dad, or even say something mean. Here's how to handle it when an adult in your life has trouble controlling his or her anger: Don't make it worse. Angry people can have trouble thinking clearly, so try not to do or say anything to make things worse. Wait till your parent cools off，then talk with him or her in a calm tone, and try to explain how the anger is affecting you.
介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的词与句中其他词的关系，不能单独使用，可与名词或相当于名词的其他词构成介词短语。介词短语在句中可以作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方位介词等。
考点一：
时间介词
辨析 例子
at强调时间“点” at nine o'clock 　在9点 at 7：30 　　在7：30
at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上
at the moment 在此时 at that time 在那时候
at the age of 在……岁时 at the end of 在……终端
辨析 例子
in强调时间“段”，用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上等词前 in the twenty -first century　　　　　在21世纪
in 2012 在2012年
in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春/夏/秋/冬季
in October 在十月
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
on强调具体的某一天，用在表示星期、日期、具体某一天的上午/下午/晚上等词前 on Monday 　　　　　　　　　 在星期一
on October 1，2017 在2017年10月1日
on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上
on the morning of December 10 在12月10日上午
on a cold winter day 在一个寒冷的冬天
2. in， after和later的辨析
辨析 例子
in＋时间段，表示“在……之后”，用于一般将来时 We'll fly to Hong Kong in two weeks.
我们两周后将乘飞机去香港。
after＋时间段，表示“在……之后”相当于“一段时间＋later”，用于一般过去时 My mother came home after half an hour （half an hour later）.
我妈妈在半小时后回家了。
时间段＋later，表示“在……之后”，用于一般过去时 Ten days later， the boys were saved.
十天后，男孩们得救了。
3. for和since的辨析
辨析 例子
for＋时间段，表示某个动作或状态持续了多长时间，用于现在完成时 We have worked for eight hours.
我们已经工作八小时了。
since＋时间点或从句，“自从……”（表示动作或状态从过去持续到现在），用于现在完成时 Our English teacher has taught in this school since 2010. 我们英语老师自从2010年就在这所学校教书。
4. from…to…和between…and…辨析
辨析 例子
from…to…表示“从……到……”，既可表示时间也可表示距离 The birthday party will begin from 7：00 p．m. to 9：00 p．m.
生日晚会将从7点开始到9点结束。
It is half an hour's walk from here to the museum.
从这到博物馆要走半个小时。
between…and…表示“在……和……之间”，既可以表示时间也可以表示位置 Between the bookshop and the hospital is our school.
我们学校就在书店和医院之间。
You can come between 8 and 9.
你可在8点和9点之间来。
一、单项选择。
（　　）1. We arrived in Shanghai 　　　　 7：30 　　　　 the evening.
A．in； on B．on； in
C．at； on D．at； in
D
（　　）2. Mid -autumn Day usually comes 　　　　 September or October. People have celebrated it 　　　　 centuries.
A．in； for B．on； in
C．on； for D．in； since
（　　）3. Jake went to Shenzhen 10 years ago and he came back
　　　　 a cold night last month.
A．at B．on C．for D．in
A
B
（　　）4. They arrived 　　　　 Guangzhou 　　　　 the morning of May 25.
A．in； in B．in； on
C．at； during D．at； in
（　　）5. My father has gone to New York. He'll be back 　　　 　. four months.
A．in B．after C．later D．since
B
A
（　　）6. Students will be examined in all subjects 　　　　 the end of this month.
A．till B．at C．in D．since
（　　）7. She won the first prize in a talent contest 　　　 the age of 18.
A．at B．in C．by D．on
（　　）8. I can't tell the differences 　　　　 Hanna and Hilary because they are twins.
A．from B．between C．of D．to
B
A
B
二、用适当的介词填空。
9. It was 3 kilometers 　　　　　　 my home to school. It's too far to go home on foot.
10. You should think seriously 　　　　　　 taking the job， and don't do it just for fun.
11. Her birthday is 　　　　　　 January 1st.
before　
from　
on
1. at和in的辨析
考点二：
方位介词
辨析 例子
at＋小地方（村庄，小城镇） They arrived at a small village before dark.
他们在天黑之前到达了那个小村庄。
in＋大地方（国家，城市）或某个范围之内 He arrived in Guangzhou yesterday. 　 　
他昨天到达广州。
2. between和among 的辨析
辨析 例子
between 表示在“两者之间” There is a railway between the two cites.
这两座城市中间有一条铁路。
among 表示“在三者或以上之间” Our teacher is standing among the students.
我们的老师站在学生们中间。
3. cross，across和through的辨析
辨析 例子
across介词，表示“从这一边到另一边”，横过，穿过 The girl walked across the road.
这个女孩走过马路。
cross 动词，横穿（横过某个平面）
cross＝go across穿过 He is walking across the street. ＝He is crossing the street. 他正在过马路。
through 介词，表示（从物体中间）穿透，穿越 The horse ran through the forest.
这匹马穿过森林。
4. in，on和to的辨析
辨析 例子
in表示某一小地点在大地点之内 Hainan is in the south of China.
海南位于中国的南部。（海南在中国境内）
on表示两个地点相互接壤 North Korea is on the east of China.
朝鲜在中国的东边。（朝鲜与中国接壤）
to表示两个地点互不接壤 Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东边。（日本与中国互不接壤）
5. on，above和over的辨析
辨析 例子
on表示一个物体位于另一个物体之上，两者表面相互接触。 There are two girls standing on the bridge. 　　　
桥上站着两个女孩。
above表示一个物体高于另一个物体，通常两个物体表面不接触。 The clock is above our heads. 　　　　　
钟在我们头上。
over表示“在……正上方”，强调垂直的上方。 There is a bridge over the river. 　　　 　
在河的正上方有座桥。
6. in front of 和 in the front of 的辨析
辨析 例子
in front of 表示“在……之前（物体外部的前面）” There are some trees in front of the classroom.
教室前面有一些树。
in the front of 表示“在……的前部（物体内部的前面）” Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.
我们的老师通常坐在教室的前面。
7. 其他表示位置的介词或介词短语
under 在正下方 below 在下方；在……以下 across from 在对面
next to 在旁边；紧邻 near 在……附近 beside 在旁边；紧靠着
behind 在……后面 on the left 在左边 on the right 在右边
in the south 在南方 in the north 在北方 in the east 在东方
一、单项选择。
（　　）12. — Can a plane fly 　　　　 the Atlantic Ocean？
—Yes， but it needs to go 　　　　 the clouds for hours.
A．across；through B．through；across C．across；across D．through；through
A
（　　）13. A recent study in Australia shows that parents are 　　　　 the top five world's hardest jobs.
A．between B．among
C．from D．for
（　　）14. The high speed train 　　　　 Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.
A．with B．among
C．at D．between
B
D
（　　）15. On sunny days， my grandma often reads a novel 　　　　 the window.
A．by B．for
C．with D．from
二、用between和among填空。 16. The news caused great excitement 　　　　　　　　 her friends 17. The train runs 　　　　　　　　 Beijing and Nanjing.
A
among　
between
三、用cross，across和through填空。
18. We must slow down when we drive 　　　　　　　　 the tunnel.
19. Before going 　　　　　　　　 the road， we should look left first and then right.
20. Yesterday， while I was 　　　　　　　　 the street， a car almost knocked me down.
through
across
crossing
四、用on，above和over填空。
21. He put his hands 　　　　　　　　 his face.
22. There is a picture 　　　　　　　　 the wall.
23. Two planes are flying 　　　　　　　　 the city.
五、用in front of 和 in the front of填空。
24. There's a bus stop 　　　　　　　　 the house.
25. The introduction is always 　　　　　　　　 the book.
over
on
above
in front of　
in the front of
六、用in，on和to填空。
26. Zhejiang is 　　　　　　　　 the east of China.
27. Beijing is 　　　　　　　　 the north of China.
28. Haikou is 　　　　　　　　 the south of Zhanjiang.
29. Guangxi is 　　　　　　　　 the west of Guangdong.
in
in
to
on
1. by，in和on的辨析
考点三：
方式介词
辨析 例子
by＋交通工具时，表方式，交通工具前不用任何修饰词。 He usually gets to school by bike.
他经常骑自行车到学校。
in/on＋交通工具时，交通工具为具体实物，其前有修饰语或本身是复数。 We'd never been on a train before.
我们以前没有坐过火车。
It took us two hours to go there in my father's car.
坐爸爸的车去那里用了两个小时。
2. with，without，by，in，on和through的辨析
辨析 例子
with＋工具/人体部位，表示“用……”或“带有，伴随” I open the door with this key. 　　
我用这把钥匙开门。
He can even draw with his feet.
他甚至可以用他的脚来画画。
without 表示“没有，无……相伴” We can't live without air.
没有空气我们就活不下去。
by＋具体方法、手段、途径，前面不能有任何修饰词，后接名词、代词或动词 ing形式，表示“通过……方式” He lives all by himself. 　他独自一人生活。
It works by electricity. 这是电动的。
She improves her English by watching English programs.
她通过观看英语节目来提高自己的英语。
辨析 例子
in＋语言/声音/方法等，表示“用（以）……”；in＋服装/颜色还表示“穿着……衣服/颜色的衣服” What's this in English？ 　 这个用英语怎么说？
Don't say in a loud voice. 不要大声说话。
At last，he finished the task in this way.
最后，他用这种方法完成了他的任务。
The girl in red is Kate.
穿红色衣服的那个女孩是凯特。
on＋网络、电器类等 They spend too much time on the Internet in playing or chatting. 他们花太多时间在网上玩或聊天。
I watch the film on TV. 　　我在电视上看电影。
through＋名词，表示通过具体的手段、媒介等 Most advertisements work through suggestions.
多数广告都是通过暗示而发挥作用。
单项选择。
（　　）30. Does he always go to work 　　　　 bike or 　　　　 foot.
A．by； on B．by； by
C．on； on D．on； by
（　　）31. The plane took off 15 minutes ago. We have to go there 　　　　 a train.
A．in B．by C．on D．for
A
C
（　　）32. I couldn't do it 　　　　 your great help. Thanks a lot！
A．for B．to C．without D．with
（　　）33. Is the girl 　　　　 red 　　　　 duty today？
A．wear； on B．wear； at C．in； on D．on； for
（　　）34. She told me on the phone that she was 　　　　 back from work.
A．in this way B．on the way
C．to the way D．by the way
C
C
B
1. besides和except的辨析
考点四：
其他介词
辨析 例子
besides表示“除……之外，还有……”（另外附加） We all went to the party besides Mary.
除了玛丽去了晚会之外，我们大家也都去了。
except表示“除……之外”（从整体中除去一部分） We all went to the party except Mary.
除了玛丽没有去晚会之外，我们大家都去了。
but 常用于否定搭配nothing but，或nobody but 表示“只有，仅有”的意思 There is nobody but Tom in the classroom.
教室里只有汤姆在。
2. be made of 和be made from的辨析
辨析 例子
be made of 意为“由……制成（可看出原材料）” The chairs are made of wood.
椅子由木头制成。
be made from意为“由……制成（看不出原材料）” Wine is made from grapes.
红酒是用葡萄制成的。
3. at，to，for和of的辨析
辨析 例子
at＋某人时，具有明确的方向性和较强的目的性 Don't shout at me！
不要冲我喊叫！
to＋某地/某人时，表示去某地或给予某人某物 It's the way to the zoo. 　　　　
这是去动物园的路。
He gave some food to the old man.
他给了老人一些食物。
for＋某地时：表示动身去某地；
for＋某人时：表示为某人做某事；
be time for… 意为“是时候做……” They will leave for Tokyo. 　他们要去东京。
My father will buy a new bike for me.
我父亲会为我买一辆新的自行车。
It's time for homework. 是时候做作业了。
辨析 例子
of＋人/物表示所属关系，意为“……的，属于……”；固定句型：It's adj. of sb. （to do sth. ）意为
“某人（做某事是……的）”，句中形容词表示某人的性格、品质 The population of this town is too big.
这个城镇的人口太多了。
It is kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真是太好了。
4. against和until的辨析
辨析 例子
against意为“反对；对抗；依靠” Our class is sure to win the basketball game against Class Three. 我们班在对战3班的篮球赛中一定能赢。
until意为“直到……为止” Mike worked until 12 o'clock last night.
＝Mike didn't stop working until 12 o'clock last night.
昨晚迈克一直工作到12点。
一、单项选择。
（　　）35. —We are all here 　　　　 Lily. Where is she？
—She has gone to the library.
A．beside B．except
C．besides D．but
B
（　　）36. Most people are 　　　　 building a paper factory here. They are worried the river will be polluted.
A．for B．with C．against D．beyond
（　　）37. Desks and chairs are made 　　　　 wood. But paper is made 　　　　 wood.
A．from； of B．of； from C．of； of D．from； from
B
C
二、用适当的介词填空。
38. After COVID 19 broke out， a number of doctors and nurses tried their best to fight 　　　　　　　　 it.
39. He didn't leave the office 　　　　　　　　 he finished his work.
against　
until
考点五：
含有介词的常用搭配
含at的常用搭配
at first 首先，起初 at last 最后，终于 at once 立刻，马上
at the age of 在……岁时 at the same time 同时 at the moment 此时
be good at 擅长…… laugh at 嘲笑 at least 至少
at the end of 在……的尽头 at that time 在那时 at the beginning of 在……开始阶段
含in的常用搭配
do well in 在……方面做得好 be interested in 对……感兴趣 take part in 参加
take pride in 为……感到自豪 in time 及时 in fact 事实上
in a hurry 匆忙的 in order to 为了…… in front of 在……前面
in the end 最终，最后 in the future 在将来 in this way 用这种方法
in public 公众，公开的 in trouble 处于困境中 in his twenties 在他二十多岁时
all in all 总之 in surprise 惊奇地 in danger 处于危险当中
含on的常用搭配
on duty 值日 on foot 步行 on time 准时，按时
on the one hand…on the other
hand… 一方面……另一方面…… on one's way（to）
在某人去……的路上 depend on 　　 　 依靠，依赖
on show/display 展览 on the left/right 在左/右边 turn on 打开
含from的常用搭配
learn from 向……学习 hear from 收到……来信 be different from 和……不同
far away from 远离…… from now on 从现在起 across from 在对面
borrow…from 从……借来 escape from 从……逃跑 from time to time 有时候
含with的常用的搭配
be angry with　 对……生气 be good with 　与……相处得好 get on/along well with　 与……相处得好
be busy with　 忙于…… be strict with 　
对……严格要求 agree with　 同意……意见
begin/end with　 以……开始/结束 deal with 　处理 make friends with　 与……交朋友
help sb. with　 帮助某人 with one's help　 在某人的帮助下 argue with　 与……争论
一、单项选择。
（　　）40. 　　　　 the Double Reduction Policy， students have more free time.
A．As for B．Thanks to
C．Thanks for D．Far away from
（　　）41. Blue whales are 　　　　. We should try to protect them.
A．in time B．in public
C．in danger D．in need
B
C
（　　）42. —Look！The little girl is crying. She must be 　　　　.
—Let's go and help her.
A．in silence B．in public
C．in trouble D．in time
（　　）43. My hometown is famous 　　　　 fresh flowers. No matter when you visit it， they will catch your eyes.
A．as B．for
C．of D．by
B
C
一、语法选择。（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
Nearly 30 years ago， 6 year old Elisha Kitchen was just getting off the school bus. There was a big smile on the little girl's face，　1　 the next moment it was gone.
A driver didn't see the flashing（闪烁的） red light and went past the school bus and hit Elisha. Elisha 　2　 to the nearest hospital quickly.
（　　）1. A. but B．or C．because
（　　）2. A. sent B．was sent C．sends
A
B
　3　 ， the accident left her a quadriplegic（四肢瘫痪的）. At the time， there was no penalty（惩罚） for driving past school buses 　4　 flashing red lights.
Elisha's family was in great pain， but soon they put the sadness behind. They decided 　5　 some changes.
（　　）3. A. Unlucky B．Unluckier C. Unluckily
（　　）4. A. on B．for C．with
（　　）5. A. make B．making C．to make
C
C
C
“We need to do 　6　 for that， as everybody may get into this terrible situation. ” said Elisha's mum.
Because of the Kitchens' hard work， 　7　 new law was passed—A driver 　8　 stop at least 20 feet away from school buses when 　9　 red lights are flashing， or he 　10　 fined（罚款）.
（　　）6. A. nothing B．something C．everything
（　　）7. A. a B．an C．the
（　　）8. A. can B．might C. must
（　　）9. A. they B．them C．their
（　　）10. A. get B．will get C．has got
B
A
C
C
B
二、完形填空。（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）（2022·安徽改编）
Your brain doesn't have to do anything extra（额外的） to tell the truth. You think of what you want to say， and you say it. Instead， lying
　11　 much more work.
Here's an 　12　 of what goes into a simple lie. Imagine you're late for class and the teacher 　13　 why and you decide to lie.
（　　）11. A. refuses B．avoids C．takes D．fixes
（　　）12. A. example B．ability C．interview D．agreement
（　　）13. A. answers B．explains C．asks D．reviews
C
A
C
You now have to either　14　 a story or remember the story you made up as you were rushing to class. So you say， “I had to stop by the 　15 and borrowed a book. ” Your teacher asks， “The book I recommended（推荐） last period？”
You must decide how to answer 　16　. If you say yes， the teacher might ask you to show her the book.
（　　）14. A. write down B．come up with C．listen to D．find out
（　　）15. A. store B．gate C．station D．library
（　　）16. A. recently B．secretly C．angrily D．quickly
B
D
D
Or she might 　17　 you to read it in class. If you say it is a 　18　 book， she might ask which book you've checked out. So you have to be ready with the 　19　. of another book and make sure it's a book the school library owns.
You give your 　20　 a ton of extra work！ Why not just tell the truth？ It's much easier.
（　　）17. A. expect B．prevent C．hate D．pay
（　　）18. A. boring B．personal C．cheap D．different
（　　）19. A. color B．name C．price D．size
（　　）20. A. book B．exam C．brain D．class
A
D
B
C