2023年中考英语复习 第一节简单句第五模块 句子课件(共81张PPT)

(共81张PPT)
第一节　简单句
第五模块 句　子
01
中考导航
02
知识导图
03
考点突破
04
简单句与书面表达
05
分层优练
考点 2020年~2022年广东省卷中考(语言知识运用)
语法选择 完形填空 短文填空 回答问题
1.感叹句 2020:1分(how) / / /
2.疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句) / / / 2022:10分
2021:10分
2020:10分
3.祈使句 / / / /
4.There be句型(存现句) / / / /
考情分析:近三年语法选择有考到感叹句;回答问题以特殊疑问句为主(2022年考查选择疑问句)。中考感叹句(how/what)一般在语法选择和短文填空中考查;祈使句有可能在语法选择中考查;There be句型(存现句)会在语法选择中结合时态和单复数考查,也可能在短文填空中考查。
五种基本句型
基本句型 说明 例子
主+谓(+状语)(SV) 谓语动词通常是不及物动词。 She always smiles.
Mike works in a library.
主+(系)+表 (SP) 谓语动词通常是连系动词,这个结构更确切地说叫“主+动+补”,表语实际是主语补足语。 He is a doctor.
Ming feels sad.
主+谓+宾 (SVO) 谓语动词通常是及物动词,后带宾语。此结构的谓语动词叫作“单宾语及物动词”。 We likes cartoons.
I had a cold last week.
主+谓+间宾+直宾 (SVOO) 这种结构的谓语动词叫作“双宾语及物动词”。 My mother bought me a pen.
The cinema will show us a new movie.
主+谓+宾+宾补 (SVOC) 谓语动词之后必须跟宾语和宾语补足语,这种动词叫作“复杂宾语及物动词”。 You should keep your room tidy.
Dad saw John playing volleyball.
感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。感叹句一般由what或how开头。what用来强调名词,how则强调形容词、副词或动词。
1.感叹句的基本句型
(1)What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
What a clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊!
What cold weather it is!多冷的天气啊!
感叹句(2020语法选择考)
What beautiful flowers they are!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!
在感叹句中,what a/an常用来修饰单数可数名词,若该名词前面的形容词为元音音素开头,则用what an。what用来修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。但有些不可数名词(rain,surprise,breakfast,lunch等)前面有形容词修饰,从而使抽象名词具体化时,则要用what a/an。
(2)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
How kind you are!你心肠真好!
How fast they are working!他们的工作速度真快啊!
how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句,由“How+主语+谓语!”构成。如:
How time flies!光阴似箭!(how 修饰动词)
2.选用what和how的高效方法
判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how,先把主谓和其他部分去掉,如果最后一个词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。若没有主谓则根据句末一词来定。句末一词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。如:
What a smart man he is! (主谓是he is,把它们去掉,最后一词是man,名词,故用what)他是多么聪明的人啊!
How excellent he is!(主谓是he is,把它们去掉,最后一词是excellent,形容词,故用how)他多么优秀啊!
What exciting news! (本句没有主谓,最后一词是news,名词,故用what)多么令人兴奋的消息啊!
( )(2020广东,语法选择) “Wow!” she cried proudly.
“　39　 high my butterfly flies!”
A.What　 B.What a　 C.What an　 D.How
D
【写作句式升格训练】
把下列句子升格为感叹句。
1.The girl can sing well.
2.The school is so big.
3.The story sounds very interesting.
How interesting the story sounds!
How big the school is!/What a big school!
How well the girl can sing!
4.It’s a pleasant trip.
　 　 trip it is!
　 　 a trip it is!
5.The river is polluted seriously.
How seriously the river is polluted!
　How pleasant　
　What a pleasant　
特殊疑问句是用疑问词引导的疑问句。它不用yes或no来回答,而应该根据实际情况用较为完整的句子作答。常用的特殊疑问词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where, why,how以及how引出的词组how many,how long,how often, how soon,how far等。中考题型“回答问题”的5个问句以特殊疑问句为主,同学们要熟练掌握每个特殊疑问句的用法及答语的表达方式。(说明:关于特殊疑问句的用法和回答的详细讲解请参见本书第三部分“第五节　读写综合”的解题技巧。)
特殊疑问句
巧学妙记
祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去;
动词原形谓语当, 句首加don’t否定变;
朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令,朗读时用降调。祈使句对象(即主语)是第二人称时,主语通常都省略。
祈使句
1.肯定结构
类型 结构 例句
Do型 动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分 Please have a seat here.请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略 This way, please.=Go this way, please.请这边走。
Be型 Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分 Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
Let型 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分 Let me help you.让我来帮你。
2.否定结构
类型 结构 例句
Do型 在句首加don’t Don’t forget me! 不要忘记我!
Be型 在句首加don’t Don’t be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
Let型 Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分 Don’t let him go.别让他走。
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分 Let him not go.别让他走。
其他 用no开头,表示禁止性的祈使句 No smoking!禁止吸烟!
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
( )1.(2022广州,语法选择)I said, “Let’s hurry up and
　11　 the fish out of the water, Dad!”
A.get　　 B.gets　　 C.got　　　 D.getting
( )2.(2016广东,单项填空)Tommy, 　　　　play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car.
A.do　 B.don’t C.must　 D.mustn’t
B
A
1.There be句型的结构
There be句型表示“某时/处有(存在)某人或某物”,其结构为:There be (is, are, was, were, have/has/had been)+名词+地点或时间状语。如:
There be句型(存现句)
There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。
There are four apples on the tree.树上有四个苹果。
There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。
2.否定和疑问句式
(1)否定句:There be句型的否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样,在be动词后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示,即:no+n.(名词)=not a/an/any+n.(名词)。
注意:no+n.(可数名词单数)=not a/an+n.(可数名词单数);no+n.(可数名词复数)=not any+n.(可数名词复数);no+n.(不可数名词)=not any+n.(不可数名词)。如:
There is an orange in her bag.→There isn’t an orange in her bag.→There is no orange in her bag.
There are some oranges in her bag.→There aren’t any oranges in her bag.→There are no oranges in her bag.
There is some juice in the bottle.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle.→There is no juice in the bottle.
(2)一般疑问句及其回答
在“There is/are…”的疑问句中,要把be动词放在there之前,并将句号变问号。(难点:句中出现的some要改成any。) 肯定回答为“Yes, there is/are.”,否定回答为“No, there isn’t/aren’t.”。
结构分析:Be动词+there+主语…
①There is an apple on the tree.→Is there an apple on the tree
肯定回答:Yes, there is.　否定回答:No, there isn’t.
②There are five pens on the desk.→Are there five pens on the desk
肯定回答:Yes, there are.　否定回答:No, there aren’t.
③There is some water in the cup.→Is there any water in the cup
肯定回答:Yes, there is.　否定回答:No, there isn’t.
3.注意事项
There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
情况 例子
(1)如果句子的主语是单数可数名词,或是不可数名词,be动词用is或was。 There is a basketball in the box.盒子里有一个篮球。
There is a little milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点儿牛奶。
(2)如果句子的主语是复数名词,be动词就用are或were。 There are many birds in the tree.树上有许多鸟儿。
There were many people in the street yesterday.
昨天街上有许多人。
(续表)
情况 例子
(3)如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。 There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
篮子里有一个橘子和一些香蕉。
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
篮子里有一些香蕉和一个橘子。
【拓展知识】
主谓一致
　　“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系,这种一致关系常由三种不同的原则所支配,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
1.语法一致
主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
考点 例子
(1)由and或both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(若连接的是不可数名词,谓语动词也用复数形式)。 Tom and Mike are good friends.
汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
(2)用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither等+of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Every one of the students is studying hard.
每个学生都在用功读书。
(3)不定代词either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Is there anything wrong with your bike
你的自行车有什么毛病吗
(4)不定式、动名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。 To teach is to learn.教学相长。
(5)在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致: A+with/besides/but/except/as well as/including/rather than/like+B+谓语动词+…… The boy with his parents goes to the museum once a week.那个男孩同他的父母每周去一次博物馆。
(6)由“some(of)/plenty of /a lot of /lots of /most(of)/the rest(of)/all(of) /half(of)/分数或百分数+名词”等短语作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果所修饰的是可数名词的复数,则谓语动词用复数;如果所修饰的是不可数名词或可数名词的单数,则谓语动词用单数。 Most of the students in our class were for the plan.我们班多数学生赞成这个计划。
(续表)
考点 例子
(7)“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A number of trees were cut down.
许多树木被砍伐了。
The number of students in our class is 32.
我们班的学生人数是32。
(8)none作主语指代不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;指代可数名词时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。 —Is there any milk in the cup 杯子里有牛奶吗
—No, there is none.没有,一点也没有。
None of them has/have arrived.
他们当中还没有人到达。
(9) 表示成双成套的名词,如:trousers, shoes, glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 My glasses were broken.我的眼镜坏了。
注意:如果这类词被a pair/two pairs修饰,谓语要和pair的形式保持一致。 This pair of compasses is made in Beijing.
这副圆规是在北京制造的。
Five pairs of shoes have been sold out in the morning.早晨卖出去了5双鞋。
(10)由“a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of”或“名词+of this kind”,以及由与kind意义相似的type, sort等词构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。 A kind of birds has been discovered by them.
一种鸟类已被他们发现。
　　2.意义一致
考点 例子
(1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时,谓语用单数。 Two years is quite a long time.
两年是相当长的一段时间。
(2)集体名词作主语时,若作为一个整体来看待,谓语动词用单数;若强调整体中的每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。通常有这几个名词:family, class, team, group等。 His family isn’t very large.他家成员不多。
(3)表示学科的以s结尾的名词,如:physics, politics, maths,或不可数名词news,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 The news makes us happy.这消息让我们很高兴。
(4)police等表示“总称”的名词作主语时,是复数概念,谓语动词用复数,常见的有:people, police, cattle等。 The police are running after a thief.警察正在追赶一个小偷。
(5)“the+形容词”作主语, 表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数;表示“一类事物”时谓语动词用单数。 The poor were not able to buy it.穷人买不起这个。
The beautiful is not the useful.好看的不一定实用。
　　3.就近原则
考点 例子
(1)由or, not, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…连接的并列结构作主语,其后的谓语动词形式通常按照 “就近原则”处理。 Either Tina or Carol is sure to know the answer.蒂娜或卡罗尔肯定知道答案。
Not only my father but also their fathers are coming.不但我的父亲会来,而且他们的父亲也会来。
Neither Jane nor I am going.简和我都不去。
(2)there be+并列主语结构中,be动词与邻近的主语保持一致。 There is an apple and two oranges on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两个橙子。
( )1.(2017广东,单项填空)—Is there any outdoor learning in your school
—　　　　.We learn outdoors once or twice every month.
A.Yes, there is B.No, there isn’t
C.Yes, it is D.No, it isn’t
A
( )2.(2015广东,单项填空)—　　　　 there any living things on other planets
—I have no ideas.Maybe we can know more about that in
the future.
A.Is　 B.Are　 C.Has　 D.Have
B
书面表达最基本的单元就是简单句(五种句型),在正确运用简单句的前提下学生才能写出更丰富的复合句(状语从句、关系从句、宾语从句)。灵活运用感叹句、祈使句等句型也可以为书面表达增色。
注意:近两年广东中考书面表达的内容分分值均为6分。
【练练吧】
(2022·海南中考改编)为创造美好的生活,青少年在成长的过程中应不断学习新的生活技能(如烹饪、种植、救护方法……)。请结合下列提示和自身的需求,以“Little Life Skills Are a Big Help”为题写一篇短文,在英语课堂上分享。内容包括:
1. 你认为你需要掌握什么生活技能
2. 描述你学习这项技能的经过;
3. 你认为需要掌握这项技能的原因,并号召同学们学习这项技能。
【写作指导】
一、句子升格。
内容点1:你认为你需要掌握什么生活技能;
I would like to choose cooking. (内容扩展) I was young. I always dreamed of cooking different delicious food.
(1)(句子升格1)I was young. I always dreamed of cooking different delicious food.(合并简单句)
When I was young, I always dreamed of cooking different delicious food.
(2)(句子升格2)I was young. I always dreamed of cooking different delicious food. My family would enjoy dinner. (合并句子)
When I was young, I always dreamed of cooking different delicious food so that my family would enjoy dinner.
内容点2:描述你学习这项技能的经过;
(1)没人给我做饭。(扩展原因)妈妈在办公室忙于工作。
No one cooked for me. Mom was busy with her work in her office.(用原因状语连接这两个简单句)
No one cooked for me because Mom was busy with her work in her office.
(2)我上网搜索有关烹饪的信息。I went on the Internet. I wanted to look for some information about cooking. (用动词不定式表示目的句子)
I went on the Internet (in order) to look for some information about cooking.
(3)我发现烹饪很有趣,也很容易。(用句型I find it+adj.+to do sth.升格)
(4)我感到太自豪了。I felt so proud.(用感叹句升格)
How proud I felt!
I found it interesting and easy to cook.
内容点3:需要掌握这项技能的原因,并号召同学们学习这项技能。
(1)I can learn to look after myself. I master this skill.(用by doing 的结构来写一个简单句)
(2)让我们学习这项技能,学会独立。We should learn this skill and be independent. (用Let’s祈使句升格)
Let’s learn this skill and be independent!
I can learn to look after myself by mastering this skill.
As for me, I would like to choose cooking.When I was young, I always dreamed of cooking different delicious food so that my family would enjoy dinner.
二、补充内容要点,并用适当的衔接词连句成篇。
Little Life Skills Are a Big Help
Life skills are necessary for us teenagers. To live more healthily and happily, we are supposed to learn more new skills._______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Let me tell you my first cooking experience. One day, no one cooked for me because Mom was busy with her work in her office. I had to cook for myself. I went on the Internet to look for some information about cooking. After I tried, I found it interesting and easy to cook. How proud I felt!
I think I can learn to look after myself by mastering this skill. Let’s learn this skill and be independent!
一、语法点单句特训
( )1.(2022·江苏宿迁中考)　　　　 clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the
project.
A.What　 B.How a　 C.How　 D.What a
D
( )2.(2022·四川达州中考)—Gu Ailing 　　　　her dream and won two gold medals in Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
—　　　　excellent girl!
A.achieved; How　 B.came true; How　
C.achieved; What an　 D.came true; What an
C
( )3.(2022·云南昆明中考)—Shenzhou XIV carried three Chinese astronauts into space successfully.
—Wow, 　　　　exciting news! We are so proud.
A.what　 B.what a　 C.what an　 D.how
( )4.(2022·重庆中考A卷)　　　　 a fresh spring morning it is!
A.Who　 B.Why　 C.What 　 D.How
C
A
( )5.(2022·四川广元中考)—Have you watched Wang Yaping’s science lecture (讲座) from China’s space station
—Yes. 　　　　interesting it is!
A.How　 B.How a　 C.What　 D.What a
( )6.(2022·四川遂宁中考)—Sam, 　　　　run in the hallways. It’s very dangerous.
—Sorry, Ms.Black.
A.do　 B.don’t 　 C.not　 D.doesn’t
B
A
( )7.(2022·四川广元中考)— 　　　　silent, please! You are in the library.
—I’m sorry, madam.
A.Keep　 B.To keep　 C.Keeping　 D.Kept
( )8.(2022·四川达州中考)—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need 　　　　.
—Don’t worry. I think thirty minutes 　　　　enough.
A.washing; are　 B.to wash; are　
C.to wash; is 　 D.washing; is
D
A
( )9.(2021·新疆中考)There 　　　　an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it
A.are going to be　B.was　　 C.will be　　 D.were
( )10.(2021·四川遂宁中考)The number of the whales
　　　　smaller and smaller because of human activities now.
A.were　　 B.was　　 C.is　　 D.are
C
C
二、小语篇特训
(一)语法选择
Grandma’s eightieth birthday was near. 　1　 excited I felt! I wanted to buy a nice gift for her. I told her that I would choose a book or some flowers for her. She moved into a nursing home and there 　2　 no space for extra things.She said, “Never 　3　 any money on gifts. Neither a book nor some flowers 　4　 what I need.” Finally, I came up with an idea.
Grandma was good at planting, and actually half of the trees in the yard 　5　 by her. So I decided to give some rose seeds to her to plant and she was so glad to accept this special gift.
( )1.A.How　　　 B.How a　　　C.What a　
( )2.A.is　　　　 B.are　　　　 C.was　
( )3.A.wasting　　 B.waste　　　 C.wasted　
( )4.A.is　　 　 B.was　　　　 C.are　
( )5.A.planted　　　 B.plants　　　 C.were planted
C
C
B
C
A
(二)短文填空
Mr.Happy always wakes up with a sunny smile. Most of his friends are 6.　 　 of him because his smile is even brighter than the sun. However, there 7.　 　 a problem about him. Let me 8.　 　 his problem with you.
　share　
　is　
　fond　
Then one day, while going out for a walk, Mr.Happy met Miss Beautiful. Both of them smiled at each other as usual. But then she stopped and looked at Mr.Happy angrily.
“9.　 rude you are!”she shouted. “Please 10. _
off your hat when you meet a lady!”Mr.Happy took off his hat.He had only three hairs on his head!
take
　How
一、语法选择
Have you ever been to a music festival Recently, my friends and I went to a 　1　 music festival in California.
It 　2　 Head in the Clouds, a very popular Asian music festival. All the singers were Asian-American. Best of all, the festival invited the 626 Night Market, 　3　 Asian-food night market in the US, 　4　 food! I have been looking forward to it 　5　 a very long time.
The festival was 　6　 outdoor event at the Rose Stadium. It had two stages and a large part for eating. My friends and I all got pork dumplings. And there 　7　 still many other dishes which were famous all over the world.
　8　 I didn’t know many of the artists, it was exciting to attend the festival. There I got to know new artists, such as DPR LIVE and DPR IAN, a South Korean band. I also met Boobee, who I’ve been listening to since the 7th grade. I felt so good to meet 　9　 in person!
All in all, there I not only went out with my friends and ate great food, but was able to see young and excellent Asian musicians. 　10　 wonderful the festival was! I can’t wait to take part in it again.
( )1.A. two-days　 B. two days　 C. two-day
( )2.A. will call　 B. was called　 C. has called
( )3.A. large　 B. the largest　 C. larger
( )4. A. providing　 B. to provide　 C. provided
( )5. A. at　 B. for　 C. in　
( )6. A. an　 B. a　 C. the　
( )7. A.were　 　 B. was 　 C. had　
( )8. A. Until　 B. If　 C. Although　
( )9. A. she　 B. her　 C. herself　
( )10. A. What a　 B. What　　 C. How　
C
B
C
A
A
B
B
B
B
C
二、短文填空
Two years ago,I got a job in a Chinese-Canadian company in Vancouver(温哥华).One day my new boss said he would invite 11.　 　 to lunch to celebrate my new job in a Chinese restaurant.“A Chinese restaurant Chopsticks Oh, no!Will I 12.　 　 a lot of mistakes ”I thought.
　make　
　me　
That evening,I spent two whole hours trying to learn how to use chopsticks 13.　 　 I didn’t succeed.I called my pen friend and asked her for 14.　 　.She patiently explained the proper way of holding them.“Louise, it’s not that 15.　 　,” she said.“That’s easy for you to say,”I replied.“You’ve been eating 16.　 　 chopsticks all your life. It’s natural for you!”
　with　
　hard/difficult　
　help　
　but　
The next day, when my boss took two co-workers and me to the restaurant, he 17.　 　 to the waiter in Chinese.My heart was beating fast.However, instead of chopsticks, we all had 18.　 　, forks and spoons.I didn’t understand at first, but then, it hit me.My boss knew that I would have 19.　 　 with chopsticks.So he had arranged for us to be served with knives, forks and spoons.20.　 　 kind he was!
　How　
　trouble/problems　
　knives　
　spoke　
After a lot of practice, I’ve mastered how to use chopsticks now.And it isn’t really that difficult once you get used to it.