2023年中考英语复习 第三部分 中考题型解题指导第四节 短文填空课件(共33张PPT)

(共33张PPT)
第三部分 中考题型解题指导
第四节 短文填空
01
题型突破
02
解题技巧
03
高分特训
一、题型分析
“短文填空”的考查方式是给出一段200词左右的短文,在短文中挖出10个空,要求考生通读短文,掌握大意,然后补全短文,每空一词。其中所填的单词是初中英语课标要求掌握的单词,主要以八大词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、冠词等)为主;要求考生能根据上下文语境判断是否需要进行词性变化,如名词复数;动词单数第三人称形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词(动名词);形容词、副词比较级、最高级;代词变主格、宾格、所有格、名词性物主代词、反身代词等词尾的基本形式变化;同时要注意单词大小写。
短文填空这两年的答案均没有长难单词,都是比较简单的高频词汇。2022年没有考查连词和关系从句,考查了宾语从句以及感叹句,篇章中多次出现三大类从句,故今年中考仍然侧重考查考生对三大类从句的理解。
二、命题规律
2020年~2022年广东中考英语“短文填空”考点分析
年份 文体 话题 主题 考点 体现的课标要求
和学科核心素养
2022 说 明 文 历史与 社会 茶的相关信息及国际茶日 66.名词yes (考查“Would you like… ”用yes或no回答) 67.宾语从句引导词以及感叹句引导词how 68.形容词good(固定搭配: be good for对……有益处) 69.介词in (in+大地点) 70.副词ago(时间段+ago) 71.名词water(生活常识) 72.动词become(与现在完成时结合,填动词过去分词形式) 73.动词drink/have(固定搭配: drink tea喝茶,原词复现。表示“喝茶”,have tea亦可) 74.形容词比较级more (important的比较级在前面加more) 75.代词it 文化意识——文化认同感,增强中华民族文化自信心
2021 记 叙 文 历史与 社会 一个热爱中国文化的外国人通过写书让更多西方人了解中国 66.人称代词宾格him 67.介词for (for+一段时间,与现在完成时连用) 68.动词call (call sb.sth.把……称作……) 69.动词worked(并列连词and连接的并列句时态要一致) 70.连词until(固定结构: not…until…直到……才……) 71.动词written/published(现在完成时中的过去分词) 72.形容词proud(固定搭配:be proud of为……感到自豪) 73.名词(复数)letters(下一句的原词复现) 74.并列连词and(考查逻辑关系) 75.宾语从句引导词what (考查“What is…like ”句型) 文化意识——文化交流,增强中华民族文化自信心
(续表)
年份 文体 话题 主题 考点 体现的课标要求
和学科核心素养
2020 记 叙 文 日常 活动 热心的小女孩摆摊赚钱帮助贫困孩子　 66.连词but/yet 67.介词at(固定搭配:at the age of 在……岁时) 68.动词wear　69.疑问代词what 70.名词money　71.名词idea 72.动词set/put(固定搭配:set up建立) 73.形容词little(固定搭配:a little一点) 74.形容词性物主代词their 75.形容词比较级more(固定搭配:more than超过) 思维品质——热心助人
一、掌握词性
　　英语中共有十大词类:动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、介词、冠词、数词、感叹词。
实词(实义词) (表示完整的词性意义) 虚词(功能词) (没有完整词汇意义,只表示语法意义) 介于实义词与 功能词之间
主动词 名词 形容词 副词 助动词 代词 连词 介词 冠词 数词 感叹词
v. n. adj. adv. aux. pron. conj. prep. art. num. int.
动作或状态 人或事物的名 称 人或事物的特征,修饰名词 动作或状态的特征,修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子 do,can,may,must, will等,置于主动词之 前 代替名词、数词、形容词 连接单词、词组、分句的逻辑词 用在名词性成分(名词、代词)之前 用在名词之前,限定所指范围 表示数目(基数词)或顺序(序数词) oh,hello,hi,yeah等
二、句子结构分析法
在长难句中,先分析句子结构,找出句子主干,忽略次要信息,判断空格在句子中充当的成分,从而确定空格所填的词性。
(一)了解句子成分
主要构成(7):主语、谓语动词、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语
主语 谓语动词 宾语 定语 状语 补语 同位语
名词性成分 及物动词 不及物动词 名词性成分 形容词性成分 副词性成分 主补(表语) 名词性成分
名词、代词或同等成分 跟宾语 不跟宾语 名词、代词或同等成分 名词、数词、形容词或同等成分;介词短语 副词或同等成分;介词短语 名词、代词、形容词或同等成分;介词短语 名词、名词短语或名词性成分
(二)基本句型
★五种基本句型:
①主+谓:谓语动词通常是不及物动词(vi.)
Everybody laughed.
He is sleeping.
②主+系+表:谓语动词通常是连系动词,这个结构更确切地说叫“主+动+补”,表语实际是主语补足语。
The cat is mine.
My sister has become a good teacher.
All the students seemed excited.
③主+谓+宾:谓语动词通常是及物动词,后带宾语。此结构的谓语动词叫作“单宾语及物动词”。
I want a new Christmas card.
Only he could answer the question.
④主+谓+宾+宾:这种结构的谓语动词叫作“双宾语及物动词”。
My friend sent me a card.=My friend sent a card to me.
I made myself a cup of tea.=I made a cup of tea for myself.
⑤主+谓+宾+补:及物动词之后必须跟宾语和宾语补足语,这种动词叫作“复杂宾语及物动词”。
The smell made me sick.
I find her a smart girl.
三、逻辑关系突破法
根据上下文的意思,分析句子间的逻辑关系,确定空格的词义。常见的逻辑关系有:并列关系、因果关系、转折关系等。(请详见第一部分第五篇“第二节 复合句”中“考点2连词和状语从句”的讲解。)
四、词汇复现突破法
词汇复现是指某一词汇以原词、同根词(词形变化)等形式复现在语篇中,使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯。同学们可追溯上下文或从文中相同或相似的结构中寻找复现词线索。
五、固定搭配突破法
短文填空中常见的固定搭配有动词短语、名词短语、介词短语等,同学们需熟记词类固定搭配,以便迅速答题。(常考短语请见本书赠送的《早读材料》中的“常考词组表”。)
真题范例(2022·广东)
Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea If the answer is　66　, you may have the same habit as many people.
结合上下文可知此处需要回答“是”,根据“句子结构分析法”可知此处缺表语,故答案填“yes”。

You may not know 　67　popular tea is. Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the top two choices. People like it because it is　68　for their health.
综合考查宾语从句和感叹句。中心词是popular,故用how引导。
结合“like”可知此处填褒义词;固定搭配:be good for 对……有益处;此空用“固定搭配突破法”可得出答案填“good”。
Tea is mostly produced　69　Asian countries like China and India. Chinese people started to drink tea as early as5,000 years　70　. At that time, people made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves into hot 　71　.
根据“句子结构分析法”可知此处缺状语,Asian countries是大地方,故填in。
固定搭配:…years ago ……年前;此空可用“固定搭配突破法”得出答案“ago”。
结合常识可知,人们把茶叶放到热水中煮,故填water。
Tea wasn’t introduced into Europe until the early 17th century. And now it has　72　 popular in Europe and America. People there like to　73　 tea with sugar or milk in it.
根据语境可知,此处表示“它在欧洲变得流行”;结合has可知此处用完成时,故填become。
固定搭配:like to do sth.喜欢做某事;根据上文“drink tea”可知此处是原词复现,此空用“词汇复现突破法+固定搭配突破法”得出答案“drink”。表示“喝茶”,have tea 亦可,故填have亦可。
As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting
　74　 important than before.
从“than”可知此处填比较级,important是三音节词,故填more。
The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020. Since then, people have celebrated 　75　every year. The Day makes people realize the importance of tea workers and their work.
根据“句子结构分析法”可知此处缺宾语,用代词指代“The first International Tea Day”,故答案填“it”。
【高分点拨】在“短语填空”的题型中,“句子结构分析法”和“固定搭配突破法”的使用率较高,因此同学们在复习过程中既要注重句子结构内容的学习,也要多积累固定搭配。双管齐下,突破题型。
◎答题模板
(一)
Recently, a student called Zhang Pengchao has been praised by people on the Internet and even by the newspaper People’s Daily.The 1.　 　 was that when he was taking his high school entrance examination in PE, he turned back to help a classmate stand up when he saw him fall down.
2.　 　, he got a full score because of his excellent performance at last.
　Luckily　
　reason　
The good act 3.　 　 this student won him much praise.
As some people on the Internet said, not to mention his own PE exam score, he had won a full score for 4.　 　 at least in the exam of life.Actually, to 5.　 　 his classmate, he had missed a few seconds, but he still won a full score in the exam.So, he got full scores, both in PE and in life.
　help　
　himself　
　of　
As Zhang said after the exam, “There’s only one 6. _
for us to take the exam.It’s important to all of us.” But seeing his classmate 7.　 　 down during the exam, he thought of his classmate instead of himself.It was great that Zhang made such 8.　 　 choice.
　a　
　fall　
chance
If the young are strong, the country will be 9.　 .
If the young are civilized(文明的), the country will be civilized.We truly hope that there will be more young people who can 10.　 　 for others and bring warmth to our society.Then our country will become better and stronger.
　care　
　strong
(二)
On February 5,2022, Chinese short-track speed skating
(短道速滑) team won a gold medal in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, which was also the first gold 1.
　 　 of the Chinese delegation(代表团) in that Winter Olympic Games.
Wu Dajing, a Chinese short-track speed skater,born
2.　 　 1994, is one member of them.
　in　
　medal　
On November 12th, 2018, Wu set a new world record(世界纪录).It 3.　 　 him just 39.505 seconds to finish the men’s 500-meter race.On November 27, 2021, he 4. 　_
the men’s 500-meter gold medal.Wu’s success encourages lots of sports players to work 5.　 　.After his big achievement, more and 6.　 　 people begin to play ice sports.
　more　
　harder　
won　
　took　
Wu Dajing started to practice skating at the 7.　 　 of 10.He is very strict with 8.　 　.He gets up at 4 am in the morning every day to 9.　 　 in cold weather.As a skater, he also has a good eating habit.He never eats hamburgers or drinks cola 10.　 　 they are unhealthy.Wu is trying his best to improve his skating skills.
　because　
　skate　
　himself　
　age　
(温馨提示:更多“短文填空”专项训练请练习
“第二部分　主题整合训练”的第四题。)