2023年中考英语复习 考点3 定语从句 第二节 复合句课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
考点3　定语从句
第二节　复合句
01
知识导图
02
考点突破
04
复合句与阅读理解
03
分层优练
定语从句(也叫“关系从句”)是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的句子,它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如:
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(先行词)(引导词)　(从句)
那群踢足球的男孩都是一班的。
1.定语从句的引导词(关系词)
常见的关系代词有:
指代对象 代指人 代指物 既可指人也可指物
主语 who, that which, that that
宾语 whom, that
所有格 whose
　　常见的关系副词有:
指代对象 先行词 关系副词及相应的介词结构
时间 day, year, date, time when:during which(time)
地点 the place, the city where:in which, from which
原因 the reason why:that, for which
　　2.引导词(关系词)的用法
引导词 用法 例子
that 一般情况下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语 The man that (who) is speaking at the meeting is a foreigner.正在会上发言的那个男人是个外国人。(先行词是the man,关系代词在从句中作主语,用that或who)
Is this the nurse that (whom) you talked about yesterday 这就是你们昨天谈论的那位护士吗 (先行词是the nurse,关系代词在从句中作动词短语talked about的宾语,用that或whom)
(2021广东,配对阅读)The bird that gets up early is sure to get some food, so the early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿肯定能找到食物,所以早起的鸟儿能抓到虫子。
(续表)
引导词 用法 例子
who 在从句中作主语 (2021广东,配对阅读)In many ball games, the most important person is the one who carries the ball.在许多球赛中,最重要的人就是持球的人。
(2019广东,阅读理解B篇)A programmer is the person who gives the robot its “smarts”.程序员是赋予机器人“智慧”的人。
whom 在从句中作宾语 He is the boy whom you wanted to find.他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
whose 在从句中作定语 The girl whose mother is a nurse is waiting for you outside.那个女孩在外面等你,她的妈妈是名护士。
which 指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语 (2020广东,阅读理解B篇)On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.另一方面,大象生活的栖息地被人类过度使用。
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum.
鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。
3.引导词(关系词)的特殊用法
(1)下列情况只能用that(不能用which)来指代物:
情况 例子
①先行词为all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时 I will do everything that I can do to help you.
我将会尽我所能来帮助你。
②先行词是形容词最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the most important task that should be finished soon.
这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。
③先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时 You are the first men that like this kind of books.
你们是第一批喜欢这种书的人。
④先行词中既有人又有物时 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了很深的印象。
⑤当先行词由the only, the last, the very, any, few, little, no, all等限定词修饰时,引导词只能用that He is the only person that knows the truth.
他是唯一知道真相的人。
⑥当主句中已经含有关系词who或者which时,引导词只用that He built a factory which produced things that I had never seen before.他建造了一个工厂,生产的东西是我之前从未见过的。
　　(2)下列情况只能用who来指代人:
情况 例子
①先行词是one, ones, anyone时 One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。
Don’t tell anyone who shouldn’t be told about the news.
别把消息告诉给不该告诉的人。
②当those作先行词指人时 Those who respect others are often respected by others.
敬人者,人恒敬之。
③当先行词有较长的后置定语时 I met a foreigner in the street who could speak Chinese well.
我在街上遇到一位中文说得很好的外国人。
④有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已经使用了that,另一个宜用who The boy that you met last night is her boyfriend who can make kites.
你昨晚遇到的那个男孩是她的男朋友,他会制作风筝。
⑤在there be开头的句子中,先行词指人 There is an old man who wants to see you.有一个老人想见你。
⑥当主语是I, he, you, they等时,常用于谚语、格言中 He who plays with fire gets burned.玩火者必自焚。
( )1.(2019广东,单项填空)Not all children 　　　　watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A.whom B.which C.who D.whose
( )2.(2016广东,单项填空)Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.Everything 　　　　comes into sight is so new to me.
A.that B.which C.who D.whom
A
C
( )3.(2019广州,语法选择)Insects, mice, frogs, dogs and monkeys were some of the animals 　7　 first went into space.
A.whom　 B.what　 C.that　 D.whose
C
4.画出下列复合句里的定语从句。
①(2022广东,阅读理解B)How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world
②(2022广东, 阅读理解B)The samples they brought back have helped scientists learn how plants live in extreme(极端的)conditions.
③(2022广东, 阅读理解B)There is still much more we can do.
一、语法点单句特训
( )1.(2022·吉林中考)Mrs. Wang is an English teacher
　　　　makes her classes lively and interesting.
A.which　 B.who　 C.what
B
( )2.(2022·湖北恩施中考)China is the first nation ______
sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A.which　 B.that　 C.who
( )3.(2022·黑龙江中考)The boys 　　　　are playing football are from Class One.
A.which　 B.who　 C.whose
B
B
( )4.(2022·黑龙江绥化中考)I can’t forget the teachers and the university 　　　　I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A.that　 B.which 　 C.what
( )5.(2022·黑龙江龙东地区中考)We should remember those 　　　　lost their lives for our country.
A.who　 B.whom　 C.which
A
A
( )6.(2022·贵州铜仁中考)—Is the woman 　　　　walked past just now your teacher
—Yes, she teaches 　　　　English and we all love her very much.
A.which; our　 B.who; us　 C.which; us　 D.that; our
( )7.(2022·湖北十堰中考)Students love the teachers
　　　　are outgoing and humorous.
A.who　 B.whom　 C.which　 D.whose
A
B
( )8.(2022·四川乐山中考)—What kind of books do you like best
—I like books 　　　　are about science and technology.
A.who　 B.whom　 C.which
( )9.(2022·四川达州中考)—Do you like the movie
　　　　is called The Battle at Lake Changjin
—Sure. I think no movie is 　　　　than it.
A.that; more touching　 B.what; less touching　
C.that; more touched　 D.which; less touched
A
C
( )10.(2022·四川成都中考)Rome is an ancient city______
is full of places of interest.
A.where　 B.which　 C.who
B
二、小语篇特训
语法选择
Don’t we all know a “Happy Meal” A Happy Meal is a form of kids’ meal 　1　 has been sold at a certain fast-food chain since 1979. A toy is included with the food. Both of them are usually contained in a box or paper bag. Happy Meals are very popular with kids 　2　 are very interested in collecting toys. But some health supporters think that drawing kids’ attention to these meals with toys is a way of promoting unhealthy food choices.
( )1.A.which　　　 B.who　　　 C.what　　　
( )2.A.who　　　 B.whom　　　 C.which　　　
A
A
语法选择(2022·中山市一模改编)
A traveler was in a large desert, planning to walk across it in one month. Twenty more days passed, the journey had been going on well. “Soon I’ll be able to walk out of this desert,” he thought gladly.
But the desert was never friendly 　1　 travelers. In a short time, there came a strong sandstorm. He hurriedly covered his head with the clothes, and prostrated (俯卧) on the sand. After about ten minutes, the sandstorm stopped. He shook the clothes and stood up. At that moment, he found 　2　 in a hopeless situation—the backpack with food and water 　3　 away by the sandstorm.
As we know, it seems impossible 　4　 the desert without food and water. Luckily, he had a pear left. He held it in his hands tightly.
Days and nights went by quickly, 　5　 the desert still looked endless. Besides, hunger, thirst and fear of 　6　 were always around him like ghosts. However, each time he was close to losing hope, he forced himself to stare at the pear 　7　 he had been keeping. “Not too bad, at least I have a pear.”
A small pear became the hope for his survival. Three days later, as soon as he saw a village not far away, he laughed 　8　. He felt completely relaxed—the pear brought him back to life.
To keep hope is 　9　 best weapon (武器) for victory, so never tell yourself “nothing left” because only if you try to search, you 　10　 a pear to pull you out of trouble.
( )1. A. at 　 B. on　 C. to　
( )2. A. him　 B. himself　 C. he　
( )3. A. swept　 B. was sweeping　 C. was swept　
( )4. A. leave　 B. to leave　 C. leaving　
( )5. A. but　 B. and　 C. or　
( )6. A. death　 B. dead　 C. die
( )7. A. that　 B. who　 C. whose
( )8.A. excited　 B. exciting　 C. excitedly　
( )9. A. a 　 B. an　 C. the　
( )10. A. find　 B. will find　 C. would find
B
C
C
A
A
A
B
C
B
C
从广东近5年的阅读理解篇章可知,三大从句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)在阅读文章中出现的频率很高。学会划分句子成分,根据语境区分各种从句,是理解长难句的前提,能大大提高阅读能力。
例1　(2022广东,回答问题)He finds out that those who exercise in natural light for half an hour every day have better sleep and more energy(能量).
步骤:(1)找出句子主干
句子主干:He finds out that …
(2)通过语境和从句的定义,找出从句的种类
①宾语从句:that those … have better sleep and more energy(谓语动词find out的具体内容,是主句He finds out的宾语。)
②定语从句:who exercise in natural light for half an hour every day(修饰those,具体说明什么人have better sleep and more energy,是定语从句。)
例2　(2021广东,阅读理解B篇)When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea.
步骤:(1)找出句子主干
句子主干:she came up with an idea
(2)通过语境和从句的定义,找出从句的种类
①状语从句:When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food (when引导的从句说明came up 谓语动词的时间,是时间状语从句。)
②定语从句:that was not eaten at all every day (that引导的从句修饰food,具体说明是每天一点都没吃的食物,是定语从句。)
【练练吧】
一、请用下划线画出下列句子的主干。
1.How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world (2022广东,阅读理解B篇)
2.The samples have helped scientists learn how plants live in extreme(极端的)conditions. (2022广东,阅读理解B篇)
3. They made it a rule that students should do outdoor exercise once or twice a day. (2022广东,回答问题)
4.Through an app, Feed & Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide. (2021广东,阅读理解B篇)
二、阅读训练
A(2022·湖北十堰中考改编)
There is no doubt that technology has had a big influence on our lives. People from all around the world can now talk to each other almost at once on mobile phones and the Internet. People can easily solve their problems with the help of computers and the world wide web. With this technology, it seems that the world is more connected now than ever before.
Even so, there have been worries about technology making people feel lonely and disconnected from others around them.
So does this mean that technology makes us lonely
In my opinion, it is hard to say Yes or No.
It’s true that humans need communication with each other. If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental (心理的) health. For me, technology is a tool. And just like any other kind of tool—like scissors, a pencil or a ruler.For example, it depends on how we use it: in a right way or in a right place. Take social media (社交媒体) as an example. If you only use it to compare yourself with others, you might feel sad and lonely.
But if you use it as a tool to connect with friends and family or to start a new community to talk about your hobbies and interests, the loneliness will turn into love and friendship.
When you feel lonely after staring at your computer screen all day, maybe you can use that technology to reach out to a friend who you trust and invite him or her out for lunch or a coffee.
(一)根据文章内容完成下列各题。
( )1.According to the writer, what’s technology
A.A tool.　 B.A kind of influence.
C.A pair of scissors.　 D.A way of communication.
( )2.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “impact” in Paragraph 4
A.Help.　 B.Improve.　 C.Influence.　 D.Enter.
C
A
( )3.According to the passage, if people use technology too much, they may 　　　　.
A.sleep less　 B.live longer　　　
C.feel lonely 　 D.get more jobs
( )4.When we use technology to　　　　 others, we can find love and friendship.
A.argue with 　 B.compete with　
C.connect with　 D.compare with
C
C
( )5.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Social media is important to us.　
B.Technology can be good and bad for us.
C.People need to communicate with each other.　
D.Computers and the Internet help us with our work.
B
(二)长难句分析。
When you feel lonely after staring at your computer screen all day, maybe you can use that technology to reach out to a friend who you trust and invite him or her out for lunch or a coffee.
1.找出以上句子中的2个从句。
(1)　
　,属于　 　从句。
(2)　 　,属于　 　从句。
　定语　
　who you trust　
　时间状语　
screen all day　
　When you feel lonely after staring at your computer
2.翻译:
当你整天盯着你的电脑屏幕后感到孤独时,也许你可以使用那项技术联系你信任的朋友,并邀请他或她出来吃午餐或喝咖啡。
B
配对阅读。左栏是五个人的情况介绍,右栏是七个英语习语及解释,请为每个人选择一个合适的习语描述他/她的情况。
( )1. Lily is a freshman who leaves home for the first time. When she misses her family, she will write to them.
( )2. Tom has a discussion with Jim about the sports meeting. After that, they come to an agreement.
( )3. Cindy is a middle school student. She always doesn’t study until the night before the exam.
( )4. Peter, a farmer in a village, was excited to see the rain fall after it hadn’t rained for a long time.
( )5. The bread made by Alice smells so good. All of her friends like it.
E
F
A
D
B
A. Somebody who wants to get more knowledge or make great progress on study needs to crack a book, which means “to study hard”.
B. People want to let somebody know about something and they may drop a line which means “to write and mail a note or letter”.
C. When someone does something well, you can say the thing is his cup of tea.
D. When you discuss something with someone and you have no objection,you can say “I will buy that!”, which means “I agree with you”.
E.The food may make your mouth run watering when you are starving. “Make your mouth water” means something looks or smells very good to eat.
F. People feel very happy and excited just like walking on air.
G. If someone cherishes(珍惜)a person or something very much, we can say the person or the thing is the apple of his eye.