2023年中考英语复习 第四节　非谓语动词第二模块 动词课件(共52张PPT)

(共52张PPT)
第四节　非谓语动词
第二模块 动　词
01
中考导航
02
知识导图
03
考点突破
04
非谓语动词与语法选择
05
提分巧练
06
分层优练
考点 2020年~2022年广东省卷中考(语言知识运用)
语法选择 完形填空 短文填空
1.动词不定式作宾语 / / 2020:1.5分
(what to do)
2.动词不定式作宾语补足语 2022:1分 (tell sb.to do sth.) 2020:1分 (expect sb.to do sth.) / /
3.动词不定式作目的状语 2021:1分 (动词不定式表目的) / /
考情分析:2020~2022年语法选择非谓语动词每年各考了1分, 2020年短文填空涉及非谓语动词。复习备考时必须重视语法选择,短文填空也不能忽略!
非谓语动词是指在句中不作谓语的动词,主要包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(doing/done)。其在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍然保留动词的某些特征。
一、动词不定式
动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成,有的不定式不带to。不定式的否定形式是“not to(do)”。如:
He asked me to play chess with him.他让我和他一起下棋。(带to)
I saw a boy go across the road just now.我刚才看见有个男孩过了马路。(不带to)
The teacher told me not to be late again.老师告诉我不要再迟到了。(否定形式)
1.不定式作宾语的情况比较多,但是一般情况下,不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即:动词+to do sth.结构)的动词有:
动词不定式作宾语
begin to do sth.开始做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事 learn to do sth.学习做某事
expect to do sth.期望做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 wish to do sth.希望做某事
forget to do sth.忘记做某事 like to do sth.喜欢做某事 decide to do sth.决定做某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事 continue to do sth.继续做某事 prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事
　　2.不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。常见的这类形容词有:
be ready to do sth.准备好做某事 be anxious to do sth.急于做某事 be able to do sth.能够做某事
be sure to do sth.一定做某事 be glad to do sth.高兴做某事 be sorry to do sth.很抱歉做某事
be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 be pleased to do sth.高兴做某事 be willing to do sth.愿意做某事
3.不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。如:when to do it (什么时候做);how to do it (怎样做);what to do (做什么);why to do it (为什么做);where to do it (在哪儿做);which to do(做哪一个)等等。
I don’t know what to buy for my mother.(what to buy作know的宾语) 我不知道给妈妈买什么。
1.(2021广州,完成句子) 动笔前,先仔细计划要写什么。
Before you start, plan carefully 　 　 　 　 　 　.
( )2.(2018广东,单项填空)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless.I think it important _________a peaceful world.
A.build B.not build C.to build D.not to build
C
　what　 　to　 　write　
1.不定式用作宾语补足语,也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语+宾补”(即:动词+sb.+to do sth.)的动词有:
动词不定式作宾语补足语(2022,2020语法选择考)
ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事
invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事 want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事
tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事
wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
order sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 teach sb.to do sth.教导某人做某事
　　Joan asked Mary to speak first.(Mary在句中作宾语, to speak补充说明Mary要做的事)琼请玛丽先说。
2.有些动词(一感二听三让四看)feel, hear/listen to, make/have/let, see/look at/watch/notice+sb./sth.+do,后用不定式作宾补时须省略to。但这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略。
They make the students do too much homework every day.
=The students are made to do too much homework every day.他们让学生每天做太多作业。
( )1.(2022广东,语法选择)One day, the teacher told her
　34　 a test.
A.take　 B.to take　 C.taking
( )2.(2020广东,语法选择)I expect each of you 　33　 a kite that means something important to you.
A.make　 B.to make　 C.making D.made
B
B
不定式作状语,修饰动词,用于表示行为的目的、结果、原因或条件等,一般放在动词后面。
1.to do/so as to do(不能放在句首)/in order to do作目的状语。如:
I stay there to/in order to see what will happen.我待在那儿,以便看看会发生什么事。
To/In order to catch the early bus, he got up early.(此句不能用so as to)为了赶上早班车,他起得很早。
动词不定式作状语(2021语法选择考)
2.enough to do/too…to do结构。如:
The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.
=The boy is too young to go to school.小男孩太小了,不可以去上学。
3.形容词(difficult, happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等)+to do。如:
The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
( )1.(2021广东,语法选择)Many tourists, they believe, will come 　38　 the fantastic experience of walking across.
A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy
( )2.(2019广东,单项填空)Young people are encouraged to work hard 　　　　their own dreams.
A.achieve B.achieves C.to achieve D.achieved
C
D
( )3.(2021广州,语法选择)“And I!” they all said, until a whole shower went down and the corn was saved all because one little raindrop tried its best 　15　 what it could.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. did
C
不带to的常用句型
Why don’t you do sth. 为什么不做某事
Why not do sth. 为什么不做某事
Would/Could you please do sth. 请你做某事,好吗
Would/Could you please not do sth. 请你不要做某事,好吗
had better (not)do sth.最好(不)要做某事
would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事
prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事
二、动名词(温馨提示:本知识点是新课标理解要求语法项目,对阅读理解和写作有帮助,同学们应了解。)
1.动名词的基本形式和性质
(1)动名词是由“动词原形+-ing”构成,形式与动词的现在分词相同。如:
No smoking here.这里禁止吸烟。
(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语,组成动名词短语;名词的性质是在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等。如:
She is fond of collecting stamps.(作宾语)她喜欢集邮。
Traveling abroad can be very exciting.(作主语)出国旅行会是很激动人心的。
2.常见的可接动名词的短语:
insist on坚持　　　　　 think of想到　　　　　　
dream of梦想　　　　　 look forward to期望
feel like想要 get/be used to习惯于
be fond of喜欢 be afraid of害怕
be tired of厌烦 succeed in成功
stop/keep/prevent…from阻止……做
depend on依靠
spend…in在……花费
be interested in对……感兴趣
be proud of以……为骄傲/自豪
stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth.尝试做某事
try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)
注意:有些动词既可接不定式,也可接-ing形式,但意义不同。
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 used to do sth.过去常常做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事(未做)
( )1.(2020广州,语法选择)But then,instead of 　13　, David picks up his books, and reads deep into the night.
A.sleep B.slept C.sleeps D.sleeping
2.(2020广州,完成句子)凯特决定去社区工作,而不去度假。
Instead of 　 　 　 　 　 　, Kate decided to work in the community.
　going　 　on　 　vacation　
D
分析近2年广东中考语法选择可知,对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式,针对该考点,考生可通过固定搭配与句子成分分析法来确定答案。
1.固定搭配
(2022广东)One day, the teacher told her 　34　 a test.
A.take　 B.to take　 C.taking
(固定搭配: tell sb.to do sth., 选B。)
2.句子成分分析法
(2021广东)Many tourists, they believe, will come 　38　 the fantastic experience of walking across. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
38.A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy
(enjoy the fantastic experience是come的目的,用to do 表示目的状语,选D。)
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.The teacher told Jack 　 　 (turn) off the light when he left the classroom.
2.—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills
—Certainly.I advise you 　 　 (keep) a diary in English every day.
　to keep　
　to turn　
3.As teenagers, we are not allowed 　 　(bring) mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork.
4.I used to 　 　(sleep) late, but now I am used to
　 　 (go) to bed early.
5.The teacher warned us 　 　 (make) too much noise because the other students were having an exam.
6.　 　 (get) a better education, he studied abroad.
　To get　
　not to make　
　going　
　sleep　
　to bring　
7.We must take action to prevent people from (cut) down too many trees.
8.You’d better 　 　(make) a plan 　 　_ (manage) your time well.
9.Children should spend at least one hour 　 _
(exercise) every day.
10.　 　 (listen) to music in class is not allowed in our school.
　Listening　
　exercising
　to manage　
　make　
cutting
一、语法点单句特训
( )1.(2022·天津中考)The painting is really valuable to him.He will never agree 　　　　it.
A.sell　 B.sells　 C.sold　 D.to sell
D
( )2.(2022·云南昆明中考)Boys and girls, good luck and wish you 　　　　good grades on your new journey!
A.cutting　 B.to cut 　 C.getting　 D.to get
( )3.(2022·云南中考)If you want 　　　　your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.
A.improve　 B.improved　 C.improving　 D.to improve
( )4.(2022·重庆中考)Mr.Brown told his son not ________
the paintings in the museum.
A.touch 　 B.to touch　 C.touching　 D.touched
B
D
D
( )5.(2022·重庆中考)The new year is coming.Teachers encourage us 　　　　new hobbies.
A.develop　B.developing　C.to develop　D.developed
( )6.(2022·湖南岳阳中考)Many students practice ______
in the morning because of the P.E.exam.
A.run　 B.running　 C.ran
( )7.(2022·江苏扬州中考)　　　　 the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A.Reach　 B.To reach　 C.Reaching　 D.To reaching
B
B
C
( )8.(2022·四川达州中考)The local government advises people 　　　　to other places 　　　　it is not necessary during the pandemic.
A.travel; unless　 B.to not travel; if　
C.not to travel; unless　 D.not to travel; if
D
( )9.(2022·四川达州中考)—Exercising is good for our health.
—You’re right.So I’d rather 　　　　an hour’s walk than
　　　　in front of the computer.
A.to take; sit B.take; sit　
C.take; sitting D.to take; sitting
B
( )10.(2022·四川遂宁中考)—The art festival is coming.It’s a good chance to show ourselves.
—You are very good at 　　　　.And you will be the most popular star.
A.singing　 B.sing　 C.to sing　 D.sang
A
二、小语篇特训
语法选择
Zhang finally managed 　1　 with some of his men and continued 　2　 to west without any dry food or drinking water.Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows, they survived by 　3　 some birds and other animals along the way.When Zhang at last reached the Yue-chi in Northern India, he was sad 　4　 that they didn’t want 　5　 against the Xiongnu people.
On the return journey, Zhang Qian and his men were again caught.It was not until 125 BC that they returned to Chang’an.
( )1.A.escape　　　B.to escaping　　C.to escape
( )2.A.travel　　　 B.to travel　　 C.to travelling　
( )3.A.eat　　　　 B.eating　　　　 C.to eat　
( )4.A.to find　　　B.finding　　　 C.found　
( )5.A.to fight　　 B.fights　　　　 C.to fighting　
A
A
B
B
C
语法选择(2022·浙江湖州中考改编)
My day began when I saw my six-year-old son Jonathan doing something in the garden by my azalea bush (杜鹃花丛).By the time I got out, I found he’d broken it! It was my favorite!
“ 　1　 I take this to school ” he asked, smiling.Although a bit unhappy, I nodded.
The rest of 　2　 day, I was busy doing endless housework.Time had passed by fast before I realized it was already 3:00 p.m.I hurriedly got to school 　3　 up Jonathan.When I got there, the teacher told me she wanted to talk 　4　 Jonathan.
I had prepared myself for the worst, 　5　 the teacher’s words greatly surprised me.“Did you know Jonathan brought flowers to school today ” she asked.I nodded, thinking about my favorite bush.“See that little girl ” the teacher continued.I saw a bright-eyed child 　6　 drawing a picture with crayons.
“Well, her parents 　7　 her for jobs in a city and she is sad for days.I did all I could to comfort (安慰) her, but nothing worked.This morning I watched your son walk over to　8　 with some pretty pink flowers and say, ‘This is for you.’”
I 　9　 by the kindness Jonathan showed to the little girl and I made up my mind to pass it on.Later that evening when my husband came back home from a 　10　 workday, I picked some pink azaleas and handed them to him.“This is for you,” I said.
( )1.A.Should　 B.Can　 C.Must　
( )2.A.a 　 B.an　 C.the　
( )3.A.to pick 　 B.picking　 C.to picking　
( )4.A.with　 B.about　 C.to　
( )5.A.and　 B.so　 C.but　
( )6.A.business 　 B.busily 　 C.busier　
( )7.A.leaves 　 B.have left　 C.will leave　
( )8.A.hers　 B.her　 C.she　
( )9.A.warmed 　 B.warm　 C.was warmed　
( )10.A.tired　 B.tiring 　 C.tiredness
B
C
B
B
B
C
B
A
C
B