2023年中考英语复习 话题五　饮食、卫生与健康课件(共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
第三部分
话题专题训练
主题一　人与自我
专题一 名词
1
仿写练习
2
时文阅读
3
话题特训
话题五　饮食、卫生与健康
（Food and drink，Hygiene and health）
单 词 1. meal n. 三餐 　　　 2. meat n. 　肉　　　 3. vegetable n. 蔬菜
4. fruit n. 水果 5. restaurant n. 餐馆 6. diet n. 饮食
7. lifestyle n. 生活方式 8. junk n. 垃圾 9. health n. 健康
10. fever n. 发烧 11. cough n．/v. 咳嗽 12. illness n. 疾病
13. delicious adj. 美味的 14. sore adj. 酸痛的
15. healthy adj. 健康的 16. special adj. 特别的
17. mix n．/v. 混合 18. energetic adj. 精力充沛的
19. rest n．/v. 休息 20. relax v. 放松
短 语 1.eat/have…for breakfast早餐吃…… 　　
2.see a doctor/dentist看医生/牙医
3.put on weight 增加体重
4.eating habit 饮食习惯
5.have a cold/have a fever感冒/发烧
6.take a break/rest休息
7.have a headache 头疼
8.do harm to 对……有害
9.be good for对……有好处
10.keep healthy/keep in good health保持健康
1. It's a bad habit to go to school without having breakfast.
不吃早餐上学是个坏习惯。
2. It's bad for your eyes if you use phones or computers for a long time without taking a break.
如果长时间使用手机或电脑而不休息，对眼睛有害处。
3. Doing sports every day can make you energetic/full of energy.
每天做运动能让你精力充沛。
4. You are supposed to drink more water every day instead of juice.
你每天应该多喝水而不是喝饮料。
5. Keep your hands clean before eating. 吃东西前手要保持干净。
1. I can give you neither an opinion nor any advice.
我既不能给你一个意见，也不能给你任何建议。
【要点讲解】neither…nor… 意为“既不……也不……；两者都不……”
【仿写练习】他既不喜欢游泳也不喜欢跑步。
___________________________________________________________
He likes neither swimming nor running.
2. How cold the weather is today！ 今天多冷啊！
What a fine picture it is！ 多美的一幅图画呀！
【要点讲解】How＋adj. /adv. ＋主语＋谓语！ 或What（a/an）＋adj. ＋n. ＋主语＋谓语！
【仿写练习】他跑得多快呀！
___________________________________________________________
How fast he can run/runs!
3. They used to be true， but it isn't true anymore.
它们曾经是真的，但现在不再是真的了。
【要点讲解】…not…any more/no longer
【仿写练习】这位老人不再喜欢旅行了。
___________________________________________________________
The old man doesn't like travelling any more.
4. More and more people have found it unhealthy to eat too many hamburgers.
越来越多的人发现吃太多汉堡包不利于健康。
【要点讲解】find /think /feel＋it ＋ adj. （for sb. ）to do sth. 意为“发现/认为/觉得做某事怎么样”
【仿写练习】他发现独自完成作业有点困难。
___________________________________________________________
He finds it difficult to finish the homework alone.
5. No matter how well you know this city， it is easy to get lost.
不论你多么熟悉这座城市，都容易迷路。
【要点讲解】No matter＋疑问词＋从句＝疑问词＋ever＋从句
【仿写练习】无论你们什么时候来，我们都欢迎。
___________________________________________________________
No matter when/whenever you come, you are welcomed.
6. He prefers to walk to school rather than ride to school on a snowy day.
下雪天，他宁愿走路去上学，也不愿骑车去上学。
【要点讲解】prefer to do…rather than do… 意为“宁愿做……也不愿做……”
【仿写练习】比起做数学作业，我宁愿先做英语作业。
___________________________________________________________
I prefer to do English homework first rather than do maths homework.
7. This classroom is too small to hold so many students.
这间教室太小了，容不下这么多学生。
【要点讲解】too ＋ adj. /adv. ＋ to do sth. 意为“太……而不能……”
【仿写练习】毕竟，这个孩子太小，还不能上学。
___________________________________________________________
After all, the kid is too young to go to school.
1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，医生远离我。
2. Bitter pills may have sweet effects. 良药苦口。
3. Haste makes waste. 心急吃不了热豆腐。
4. Eat at pleasure， drink with measure. 随意吃饭，适度饮酒。
5. There is no such thing as a free lunch. 天下没有免费的午餐。
医生首次将“猪心脏”移植给人类
David Bennett was feeling well at first after receiving a genetically-modified（转基因的） pig heart in a transplant surgery（移植手术）， but he became worse several days later and died on March 8， 2022.
After receiving special agreement from the U．S. government， doctors spent seven hours on the operation. It is the first time that this has happened and proved an animal heart can survive in a human.
Before the operation， Mr. Bennett was very ill and had spent the last several months on a life support machine. Giving him the pig's heart was the only chance of keeping him alive. Bennett said before the operation， “Either to die or do this transplant. I know it's a shot in the dark， but it's my last choice to live. ”
Scientists had changed the pig's genes so its heart would be more suitable for a human. It was performed by the company Revivicor， which also provided a brain dead patient with a pig's kidney（肾脏） in a transplant surgery.
Scientists have been researching pig -organ transplants for years. They said although Mr. Bennett died， this still could bring the world “one step closer to solving the organ shortage（缺） problem”．About 110，000 Americans are now waiting for an organ transplant， and more than 6，000 patients die each year before getting one. They believed this story was the beginning of hope and not the end.
（　　）1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A．The government supported the operation.
B．Bennett didn't feel well at first after the operation.
C．Doctors did the operation on March 8， 2022.
D．Bennett didn't agree to have the heart operation.
（　　）2. What does the underlined part “a shot in the dark” probably mean？
A．A shame. B．An accident. C．An operation. D．A try.
A
D
（　　）3. What did the company Revivicor do？
A．It performed the heart transplant.
B．It created a man made kidney.
C．It changed the pig's genes.
D．It saved many brain dead patients.
C
（　　）4. Why do scientists research pig- organ transplants？
A．To solve the organ shortage problem.
B．To reduce the cost of heart transplants.
C．To develop genetically -modified technology.
D. To provide a new brain for a brain dead patient.
（　　）5. What's the best title for the passage？
A．Treatment for animals. B．Pig -organ transplants.
C．Raising pigs for humans. D．Pig shortage problems.
A
B
A. 语法选择。
Morning tea is a part of Cantonese traditional culture. It is important in people's daily life in Guangdong.
When I was a child， my father 　1　 me to have morning tea. At first， I thought it was strange 　2　 tea for breakfast.
（　　）1. A. takes B．took C．will take
（　　）2. A. drink B．drinking C．to drink
B
C
In fact， having morning tea is not only drinking a cup of tea but also eating many different kinds of dim sum（点心）， such as shrimp dumplings and chicken feet. Then I fell in love 　3　 Chinese dim sum.
As I got older， I visited many different places in Guangdong 　4　. discovered more about Chinese food and culture.
（　　）3. A. by B．at C．with
（　　）4. A. and B．or C．but
C
A
Now I am a fan of Chinese food. I love vanilla ice cream. The dessert
　5　 with tasty brown sugar. I enjoy taro dumplings， red bean buns and many other delicious 　6　.
My dad is also a big fan of Chinese food. We often go to different restaurants to taste famous dim sum. My mum is 　7　 good cook.
（　　）5. A. covers B．covered C．is covered
（　　）6. A. snack B．snacks C．snack's
（　　）7. A. a B．an C．the
C
B
A
When she is free， she will cook delicious and special food for us. One year on my birthday， she made cha siu bao. These pork buns（肉包） were very 　8　 with my classmates. All of us 　9　 enjoyed the meal and had a great time.
I always feel comfortable to share 　10　 happiness with others while eating delicious dim sum. Do you want to try morning tea when you are in Guangdong next time？
（　　）8. A. popular B．more popular C．most popular
（　　）9. A. great B．greatly C．greatest
（　　）10. A. I B．my C．me
A
B
B
B. 阅读理解。
A new study has discovered ants have the ability to smell out cancerous cells（癌细胞） in humans. They may be used to find cancer in the future. Researchers found that some ants had a well -developed sense of smell. “However， more tests must be carried out before they may be used in hospitals. ” the team said.
The scientists did tests with 36 ants. First， they let the ants smell some cancerous human cells. Every time the ants smelt cancerous cells，
they were given some sugar solution（糖液）. Second， the ants were put into two different smells. One was a new smell of healthy cells and the second was still the smell of the cancerous cells. Once the ants found the cancerous cells successfully， the researchers made them smell different cancerous cells. As a result， the scientists found that ants could discriminate between cancerous and healthy cells and between two cancerous cells.
This isn't the first time that scientists have used the animals' sense of smell to find cancerous cells. “Dogs are good at finding something with their noses. However， training dogs to do so requires several months to a year. On the other hand， insects can be easily raised， they are inexpensive， and hundreds of them can be trained with fewer times. ” the researchers pointed out.
“This study shows that ants are able to learn very quickly. The method can be used for other tasks including finding danger or other diseases. ” the researchers added.
（　　）1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A．Ants work well in treating cancer.
B．Ants help humans keep off cancer.
C．Ants are able to smell out cancerous cells.
D．Ants are used to find people.
（　　）2. Which Paragraph tells how the scientists did the tests？
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
B
C
（　　）3. In the tests， what did the scientists do if the ants worked well？
A．They set the ants free.
B．They gave the ants sugar solution.
C．They put the ants into different smells.
D．They separated the ants from other ants.
（　　）4. What does the underlined word “discriminate” mainly mean？
A．区分 B．合并 C．品尝 D．改变
B
A
（　　）5. Which part of a magazine is the text probably from？
A．Culture World. B．Teenage Problems.
C．Sports and Games. D．Biology and Science.
D
C. 短文填空。
Mrs. Patrick was a piano teacher. She 　1　 hundreds of students how to play the piano well. At the 　2　 of 69， Mrs. Patrick had a stroke（中风） and couldn't move or speak. As the days passed， she got better， 　3　 her right hand was still very weak. She couldn't play the piano anymore. It made 　4　 very sad.
1．　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　.　
taught　
her
age　
but　
A few months after her stroke， Mrs. Patrick went to 　5　 activity center for old people. There were lots of activities at the center. The director（负责人） was showing her around the center when Mrs. Patrick saw a
　6　. She was sad. “Is anything wrong？” the director asked. “No. ” Mrs. Patrick answered，“The piano reminds me of the past. Before my stroke， I could play the piano. ” The director looked 　7　 Mrs. Patrick's weak right hand and said，
5.　　　 　　. 6．　　　　　　 7.　　　　　.　
an
piano
at
“Wait here. I will be back very soon. ” A few minutes 　8　， the director came back with Mrs. Eisenberg. “Margaret Patrick，” the director said，“This is Ruth Eisenberg. She also played the piano until her stroke. She has a good right hand， and you have a good 　9　 hand. I think you two can do something wonderful together. ” The two women sat down at the piano and began to 　10　. The music sounded good. They were not sad anymore.
8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10. 　　 　　 .
later
left
play
D. 读写综合。
（一）回答问题。
请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整。
Have you ever felt that you've been hit on the head after a bad night's sleep？ A study shows that if you don't sleep for just one night， it may cause changes in the brain.
Professor Benedict， from Sweden， said， “We did a test. We found that people's blood pressure rose after they didn't sleep for a night. ”
He said the findings showed how the brain relaxed itself by sleeping. Professor Benedict added， “As a result， a good night's sleep may be important for keeping our brain healthy. ”
Compared with the people who lived 30 years ago， most people now sleep for only seven hours a night. So a third of the population in the UK suffer from sleep- related problems. Many scientists believe irregular（不规律的） sleeping habits can cause heart disease. And less than eight hours' sleep a night can lower the IQ the next day.
As a middle school student， I know we lose our sleep because we are under the pressure of success. For example， we have to spend much time on our homework and other study tasks from teachers or parents. A long- term loss of sleep will make us tired and depressed（情绪低落的）. Even worse， it will make some students develop a dangerous behavior of smoking.
Luckily， some actions have been taken to make sure that students have enough sleep. So I think families， schools and the government should take efforts to make students get more sleep.
1. When did people's blood pressure rise according to Professor Benedict？
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How long do most people now sleep a night？
___________________________________________________________
3. What illness can irregular sleeping habits cause？
___________________________________________________________
Their blood pressure rose after they didn't sleep for a night. /After they didn't sleep for a night.
They now sleep for only 7 hours a night. /(Only) 7 hours a night.
They can cause heart disease. /Heart disease.
4. Why do middle school students lose their sleep？
___________________________________________________________
5. How will people feel after a long -term loss of sleep？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Because they are under the pressure of success.
They will feel tired and depressed after a long- term loss of sleep. /Tired and depressed.
（二）书面表达。
Professor Benedict想了解中国学生的睡眠情况， 现在他向广大中国学生征集相关的信息， 以便了解大致情况。假如你是李华， 请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件， 谈谈同学们的睡眠情况。
内容包括：1. 你周边同学们的睡眠现状。
2. 造成同学们缺乏睡眠的原因。
3. 你的建议（至少2点）。
作文要求：1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名。
2. 语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear professor，
I am very pleased to write this e mail to you. As far as I know， many students in China are short of sleep nowadays.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二步：列好提纲
第一步：分析题目
文体　　　　　　　 　.　　　时态　　　　　　　　　.
人称　　　　　　　 　　.　　　
.
简单介绍周边同学的睡眠状态。
同学们缺乏睡眠的原因。
你的建议。
第一段
第二段
第三段
说明文
一般现在时
第一人称、第三人称
1. so…that…意为“太……以至于……”。
【例句】她太生气了，以至于说不出来话了。
She was so angry that she couldn't speak.
【仿写】上网是如此轻松，以至于他们经常熬夜。
___________________________________________________________
第三步：高分句型
It's so relaxing to go online that they often stay up late.
2. whether…or not意为“是否……”。
【例句】我不知道是否将要下雨。
I don't know whether it is going to rain or not.
【仿写】我们应该在十一点之前上床睡觉，不管我们是否已经完成了作业。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
We should go to bed before 11 o'clock whether we have finished our homework or not.
3. it's a good idea to do… 意为“……是一个好主意”。
【例句】紧张的时候做一下深呼吸是一个不错的主意。
It's a good idea to take a deep breath when you are nervous.
【仿写】制定一份学习、放松和休息的时间表是个好主意。
___________________________________________________________
It's a good idea to make a time list of study, relaxation and rest.
Dear professor，
I am very pleased to write this e mail to you. As far as I know， many students in China are short of sleep nowadays. 　　　　　　　　.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　．
第四步：运用and， besides， because， what's worse， so…that…等连接词连接句子。
第五步：语段练习
Most of my classmates sleep only 7 hours on weekdays, and less on weekends
Some students can't have enough sleep because 　　　　　　　　　　.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　．What's worse，　　　　 　 　　.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　．
In order to have a good rest， 　　　　　　 　　　　　.
　　　　　　　　　　　　 ．Besides， 　　　 　.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 on weekends.
I hope that　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　.
　 ．
Yours，
Li Hua
they have lots of homework to do on weekdays
on weekends, it's so relaxing to go online that they often stay up late
we should go to bed before 11 o'clock whether we have finished our homework or not
it's a good idea to make a time list of study, relaxation and rest
everyone can pay more attention to sleeping and keeping healthy
E. 写作实战演练。
每年的 6 月 6 日是我国的“爱眼日”，可见保护中小学生的视力非常重要。为此，学校将在英语文化节期间举行一场“爱眼日”英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇英语演讲稿，谈谈你对保护视力重要性的认识和建议。
内容如下：1. 保护视力的重要性。
2. 对保护视力的建议：①阅读时注意用眼卫生；②少用电子产品；③常看绿色植物；④做眼保健操；⑤多做户外运动。
3. 呼吁同学们多做运动，保护好视力。
要求如下：1. 结构完整，表达通顺，语言规范，书写清晰。
2. 文中不得出现任何真实的人名、学校名等信息。
3. 词数 80 左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：Sight Day “爱眼日”；electronic products 电子产品；eye exercises 眼保健操
Dear friends，
June 6 is our country's Sight Day.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As we all know, eyes are windows of the soul. Everyone understands the importance of the eyes. But now more and more students are getting near sighted. Here is some advice on how to protect your eyesight.
You should not keep your eyes working for too long when reading. After reading for an hour or two, you'd better have a rest by looking at the green plants to make your eyes relax.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you！
You ought to remember not to read in dim light or in the sun. Besides, try to use less electronic products. What's more, doing eye exercises will help you keep good eyesight.
All in all，we should try to do more exercise outdoors in our spare time. Only by doing these simple things can we keep good eyesight.