Unit 1 Science Fiction 词汇讲解课件 新人教版 选择性必修四

(共37张PPT)
词
汇
讲
解
选择性必修四
Unit 1 Science Fiction
重难点词
精
讲
declare
一词多义
dismiss
一词多义
英语释义
appointment
suspend
一词多义
隐喻
calculate
词源
appoint vt
指定；约定：
We must appoint a day to meet again for the discussion.
All Cayce needed was the full name of the person, his address, and where he would be at the appointed time of the reading.
任命；委派：
① appoint sb (as) sth:
Salinger was appointed senator from California but subsequently lost his first election.
② appoint sb to sth:
After due consideration, we have decided to appoint Mr Davis to the job.
③ appoint sb to do sth:
A new manager has been appointed to direct the project.
a- (to 到) + point (指、点) → 指定时间、指定人到某岗位 → 约定；任命
1. appoint
(必修三 Unit 2)
【温故】
appointment n (appoint + -ment)
[C] 约会；约定；预约：
make / keep an appointment
She had an appointment to paint her nails. 人教新选必④ – 1
He failed to keep his appointment at the clinic.
Consultations can be arranged at other times by appointment.
[C] & [U] 任命；任职；职位：
He holds an appointment in Foreign Affairs Ministry at present.
Jane’s parents were pleased about her appointment as a teacher at the school.
2. suspend
悬索桥，又名吊桥（suspension bridge）指的是用缆索做桥梁主要承重结构的桥。将缆索悬挂在桥两端塔架上，桥身用细索或吊杆吊在缆索上。
鹦鹉洲长江大桥为武汉市第八座长江大桥，世界首座主缆连续的三塔四跨悬索桥；世界同类桥梁中跨度最大的三塔四跨悬索桥；第二届武汉设计双年展十项最具影响力的武汉设计工程第一位。2010年8月开工建设，2014年12月28日正式建成通车。
推特安全账户2021年1月8日晚发文称：“在仔细审查特朗普账户最近发布的推文以及这些推文的背景后, 我们已永久停封(suspend)该帐户。”
暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用（或使用等）to officially stop sth for a time
The company has to suspend the space exploration project due to financial problems. 人教新选必④ – 1
The driver’s certificate was suspended by the police.
suspend vt
[正式用语] 悬；挂；吊 to hang sth from sth else：
The bit (钻头) was attached to a heavy length of steel suspended by a wire rope.
Lying on the hospital bed with my legs suspended in the air, he felt a bit uncomfortable.
sus- (up from under 从下往上) + pend (to hang 挂；悬挂) → 悬、挂
基本义：悬挂
suspend
悬、挂物体
悬、挂事情
使暂时停职（或停学等）：
Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.
【词汇拓展】
suspension n
[U]［单数］暂停；中止：
There’s been a temporary suspension of flights out of Los Angeles.
The consequences of getting caught in exams are serious, including suspension or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation.
[U] & [C] 暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）：
Zeng Zhixia lost confidence in himself, and, under extreme pressure, applied for a suspension of schooling.
The suspension bridge extends across the whole valley.
悬、挂人的职业、学业
suspend 语义网络图
悬、挂物体
悬；挂；吊
使暂时停职（或停学等）
暂停；中止
悬、挂人的职业、学业
悬、挂事情
暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用（或使用等）
暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）
悬、挂suspend
（基本义）
suspension
dismiss
Friends 《老友记》
dismiss vt
［正式用语］让……离开；解散：
The boss dismissed him with a wave of the hand.
The teacher might dismiss the class early today because of the snow.
［常用于被动语态］解雇；开除：
If you break the rules here, we shall have to dismiss you from the post.
消除（顾虑等）；拒绝考虑：
At last I am able to dismiss the fear I have for so long.
He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.
构词：dis- (away 离开) + miss (to send 送走) → 将……送走 → 让……离开
3. dismiss
让人离开某地
让人离开岗位
让顾虑、建议等离开
同义异构：fire
让……离开dismiss
（基本义）
dismiss 语义网络图
让人离开某地
让人离开岗位
让……离开；解散
让顾虑、建议等离开
消除（顾虑等）；拒绝考虑
解雇；开除
declare vt
宣布；声明 to say sth officially or publicly：
In September 1939, Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
① declare + that 从句:
The court declared that strike action was illegal.
② declare sth / sb (to be) sth:
The area has been declared a national park.
③ declare sth + adj:
The chairman declared the ceremony open; all of us present cheered.
de- (表示强调) + clare (to clarify 澄清；阐明) → 说清楚；讲明白 → 宣布；声称
4. declare
声称；宣称 to state sth firmly and clearly：
He declared that he would send humans to Mars in a decade.
Ella declared herself (to be) happy and satisfied.
申报（纳税品等）：
If you have nothing to declare, go through the Green Channel.
declaration n [C] & [U] 声明；宣 告；宣言：
The Declaration of Independence
《独立宣言》（The Declaration of Independence）是一份于1776年7月4日由托马斯·杰斐逊起草，并由其它13个殖民地代表签署的最初声明美国从英国独立的文件。
5. calculate
两千多年前，罗马商人用calculus (小圆石)来计算损益。古罗马时代的算盘也以calculus(小圆石)作为算珠。古希腊人与古罗马人还以投calculus(小圆石)的简单办法来进行选举，只要计算一下投入瓮中的calculus的数目即可统计出人数有多少。英语单词calculate (计算) 正是源于calculus(小圆石) 。英语还直接借用该词来指“微积分”和“结石”。
词源故事
calculate
vt & vi 计算；核算 (work out) ：
The teacher calculated the average mark of the class.
① calculate + that / wh- 从句：
We calculate that the average size of the farms in Lancaster County is 65 acres.
Scientists cannot yet calculate when there will be a major earthquake.
② it is calculated + that 从句：
It is roughly calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year.
vt 预测；估计 (estimate) ：
calculate + that / wh- 从句：
Biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
This painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate what its price is.
calculation n [C] & [U] 计算
calculator n [C] 计算器
计算数字
计算即将发生的事
本单元的隐喻
单词 基本义 比喻义（衍生义）
suspend 悬挂
dismiss 消除
division 分开
fall away 向下倾斜 （逐渐）减少；
暂停 / 中止
（逐渐）消失
让……离开
根据所给提示填空。
分歧
重难点词
精
讲
turn out
division
urge
explode
一词多义
一词多义
一词多义
搭配义
词源
fetch
辨析义
pace
熟词生义
vt（去）拿来；（去）取来；（去）请来 to go to where sb / sth is and bring them / it back：
Couldn’t you fetch it along out here
Fetch me a glass of water! / Fetch a glass of water for me.
6. fetch
fetch, bring 辨析
二者都含有“拿来” 的意思。
bring 意为“拿来”“带来”，指将人或物拿到说话人所在地
或即将要去的地方，强调一个方向的动作。
It may freeze tonight, so bring those plants inside.
fetch 通常意为“去拿来”，指去取了某物或带上某人，
再返回原处，强调动作的一往一返，相当于go and bring。
Run home this moment, and fetch me a pair of gloves and a fan!
Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of take, bring, carry or fetch.
1. Please ask Uncle Tom to _______ you here in August.
2. Remember to ______ your books when you leave the classroom.
3. I never _______ much money with me because I always pay with Alipay.
4. I’m thirsty, can you _______ some more water for me
5. Please _______ the empty cup away and _______ me a cup of tea.
6. Next time don’t forget to _______ me a copy of your work.
7. The box is too heavy for Joe to ______ upstairs.
bring
carry
bring
take
carry
fetch
take
bring
7. turn out
turn out 由 turn + out 组成：
turn → 转动
out → 向外
借助小品词out去理解turn out的各义项。
turn out
制造；生产：
The factory turns out more than 900 cars a week now.
原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）：
If someone’s life is in trouble, do you just pray that things will turn out fine
It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage.
This may turn out to be the best football game of the whole.
出席；参加 to be present in an event：
Fans were surprised to see all the injured players turn out for training.
关掉；熄灭：
Remember to turn out the lights when you go to sleep.
工厂使产品向外转
人向外转去参加活动
事情向外转
灯或热源向外转直至关闭
turn out 语义网络图
turn out
向外转
基本义
事情“向外转”
人“向外转”去参加活动
工厂把产品“向外转”
出席；参加
制造；生产；培养出
原来（是）；证明（是）；结果（是）
灯或热源“向外转”直至关闭
关掉；熄灭
8. pace
n
[C] 一步 (step)：
Walk / Take ten paces forward and what can you see
[U]［常用单数］速度；进度：
There is no need to walk at a fast pace. Enjoy the moment.
Some teachers believe that students should study at their own pace.
pace of life
keep pace (with sb / sth)（与某人 / 事物）并驾齐驱；步调一致
vi & vt 踱步：
He’ll have to learn to pace himself in this job.
名词动词化
“生活节奏”用英文如何表达？
pace of life
9. division
Do you know how to do math in English
add v
addition n
subtract v
subtraction n
multiply v
multiplication n
divide v
division n
divide v
vi & vt 划分；分割；分配；分开：
If you have a larger group, divide into smaller groups if possible to minimize your impacts.
Many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients.
vi & vt（被）除（尽）；把……作除数：
Ten divided by two equals / is five.
vt 使产生分歧：
We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than divide us.
division
division 是 divide 的名词形式。
divide：di- (apart 分开地) + vide (to separate 分开) → (使) 分开 (基本义)
（使）事物分开
（使）数字分开
使意见、想法等分开
division n
[U] & [C] ［单数］分；分开；分配：
The current division of labour between workers and management will alter according to the meeting.
[U] 分界线；部分；部门：
Chris has made several changes for the company’s sales division.
[U] 除（法）：
I taught my daughter how to do division at the age of six.
[C] & [U] 分裂；分歧；差异：
Division of opinion among themselves contributed to their defeat.
隐喻：具体事物的“分开”→ 抽象的“分歧”
（使）事物分开
（使）数字分开
划分；分割； 分配；分开
（被）除（尽）； 把……作除数
divide
（使）分开
（基本义）
除（法）
分界线；部分； 部门
分；分开；分配
divide
division
divide & division 语义网络图
使产生分歧
分裂；分歧；差异
使意见、想法等分开
10. urge
我们每天都需要去卫生间，那么“急需去卫生间”怎么表达呢？可借用urge的名词来帮忙：the urge to pee（尿急）。
urge vt
[正式用语] 驱策；驱赶：
I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. 2014 重庆
催促；力劝 to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth：
① urge sb to do sth:
Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever.
② urge + that ... (should) do sth:
We urge that you (should) make this settlement without delay.
urge 词源义：“推、驱动”(to press hard, drive)，基本义为“驱赶”
大力推荐；极力主张 to recommend sth strongly：
The situation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution.
n [C] 强烈的欲望；迫切的需要 (desire)：
urge to do sth:
I feel the strong urge to go outside when spring comes again.
I have a strong urge to look at the random things that are being flashed before my eyes. 人教新选必④ – 1
【温故】(选必二 Unit 5) urgent adj 急迫的；迫切的；紧急的：
The earthquake victims are in urgent need of medical supplies.
Urgent talks are going on to prevent the market going into financial meltdown during the summer.
urgently adv 迫切地；急切地
urge 语义网络图
驱赶
urge v
基本义
“驱赶”动物等
“驱赶”某人做某事
极力把某事物“驱赶”给别人
驱策；驱赶
催促；力劝
大力推荐；极力主张
程度递进
强烈的欲望； 迫切的需要
n
v
11. explode
古希腊人和古罗马人在观看戏剧时，会毫不掩饰地当场表达自己的喜爱或反感情绪。他们通过掌声和喝彩声表达喜爱和赞赏；而不喜欢演员的表演时，人们会通过嘘声、倒彩声以及其他各种噪声来表达反感，直到将演员轰下台为止。explode 的本义就是“通过噪声把演员轰下台”。后来， explode 的词义慢慢演变为“突然而又大声地爆发、爆炸”。
词源故事
构词：ex- ( out 出去) + plod (鼓掌、欢呼)
explode v
vt & vi（使）爆炸 (blow up) ：
A bomb had exploded in the next street.
It was so dangerous that the firework exploded in his hand.
vi（感情、暴力事件）爆发；激增：
Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way, others explode with anger, and scream and yell.
Florida’s population exploded after World War Ⅱ.
（使）炸弹、爆竹等“爆炸”
感情、暴力事件“爆炸”
数字“爆炸”
【词汇拓展】
explosion n
[C] & [U] 爆炸（声）：
The explosion was caused by a burst gas pipe.
[C]（感情）爆发； 激增：
How can we account for the recent population explosion
These days we’ll meet another explosion in oil price.
explosive adj
易爆炸的；（可能）引起爆炸的：
He worked on the assembly (组装) of an explosive device.
［常用于名词前］爆炸（式）的；（声音）爆发的：
the explosive force of volcanoes
explode 语义网络图
数字“爆炸”
（使）炸弹、爆竹等“爆炸”
感情、暴力事件“爆炸”
（使）爆炸
（感情、暴力事件）爆发
激增
explosion
explode
爆炸（声）
（感情）爆发
激增
（使）爆炸
explode
基本义
Thank you