2023年中考英语复习模块一语法专题探究第十一章 句子种类和简单句课件（50张PPT）

(共50张PPT)
模块一 语法专题探究
第十一章 句子种类和简单句
01
课表语法导图
02
考点精讲精练
03
语法分层演练
语境导入
①A man was sitting in a doctor's office.He looked sleepy.
“②__________(Help/To help) me, please, Doctor，” he said to the doctor. “I like football very much.But now I find myself unable to sleep.There is always a ball running in front of my eyes.③__________(What/How) can I do My family are all worried.”
Help
What
1
句子种类
The doctor said, “④__________(What/How) poor you are! I give you a suggestion.⑤Try to think about something else.”
“No，” the man shouted.“I'll miss the ball！”
How
Step 1　根据上下文在括号内选择正确的单词填空
Step 2　句子按说话目的可以分成四类
(1)陈述句——陈述一个事实或是表明一个看法等(如句子①)；
(2)疑问句——提出问题，分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句(如句子③)、选择疑问句和反意疑问句(课标不作要求)；
(3)祈使句——提出命令、 请求等(如句子②和⑤)；
(4)感叹句——表示赞美、 惊异等情绪(如句子④)。
1.疑问句
疑问句主要有四个类型：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。其中，反意疑问句新课标未作要求。如：
Is this your pencil (一般疑问句)　　　　
Why were you late this morning (特殊疑问句)
Is she tall or short (选择疑问句)
You used to wear glasses, didn't you (反意疑问句)
考点精析
下面重点讲解特殊疑问句。
特殊疑问句是由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句，用来对句中某一特殊部分提问，不用yes或no回答，而是根据实际情况用词、短语或完整的句子回答。特殊疑问句在听力和回答问题中应用广泛，考生们必须清楚问的内容是什么，才能选出/写出正确答案。常见特殊疑问词(组)如下：
疑问词(组) 含义与用法 例子
what “什么”，问具体内容 What is in the bag？
which “哪一个/哪一些”，问范围内的选择 Which sport do you like, basketball or tennis？
why “为什么”，问原因，用because回答 Why are you here？
where “哪里”，问地点 Where is your father？
when/ what time “什么时候”，问时间 ①When shall we meet
②What time did you get here？
疑问词(组) 含义与用法 例子
how “怎么；怎么样”，问方式、程度，问方式时，用by回答 ①How do you go to work
②How do you like it？
how many “多少”，后接可数名词复数，问数量 How many pencils do you have？
how much “多少”，后接不可数名词，问数量； “多少钱”，问价钱 ①How much water is in the bottle
②How much does the sweater cost？
how old “多大”，问年龄 How old are you？
疑问词(组) 含义与用法 例子
how long “多长”，问某个物体的长度； “多久”，问时间长度 ①How long is the ruler
②How long does it take to get there？
how far “多远”，问两地之间的距离 How far is it from here to the radio station？
how often “多久一次”，问频率 How often do you walk your dog？
how soon “多久”，对“in＋一段时间”提问，常与一般将来时连用 How soon will you get here？
2.感叹句
感叹句用来表达强烈的感情，句末多用 “！”。句子结构如下：
What引导 What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主谓＋其他)！ ①What a good boy he is!
②What an exciting match it is！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数(＋主谓＋其他)！ ①What bad weather it is!
②What sweet flowers he sent to me yesterday！
How引导 How＋形容词/副词 (＋主谓＋其他)！ ①How well the girl sings!
②How tall the tree is！
How＋形容词/副词＋a/an＋可数名词单数 (＋主谓＋其他)！ How careful a girl she is！
How＋主谓(＋其他)！ How time flies！
3.祈使句
祈使句是指用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。祈使句一般省略主语you，以动词原形开头，且在朗读此类句子时要用降调。
形式 肯定结构 否定结构 例子
Do型 动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分 在动词原形/be动词前面加Don't或Never ①Open the door! 开门！
②Don't do that again!
不要再那样做了！
Be型 Be 动词＋表语(名词/形容词)＋其他成分 ①Be a good girl!
要做一个好女孩！
②Don't be silly!
别傻了！
形式 肯定结构 否定结构 例子
Let型 Let sb.do sth. Don't let sb.do sth. Let sb.not do sth. ①Let me help you.
让我来帮你。
②Don't let him go！
/Let him not go！
别让他走！/让他别走！
(1)Let's开头的祈使句，其答语通常为“Good idea./OK./Yes, I'd love to.”等。其他祈使句的答语用“Yes./OK, I will.”等。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry./No, I won't(do it again).”等。如：
①—Let's go to the park.让我们去公园吧。—Good idea.好主意。
②—Please remember to bring my notebook to school.
请记得把我的笔记本带到学校。
—OK, I will.好的，我会的。
(2)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(表结果)”结构，可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。如：
Work hard, and you will find it not difficult to learn.＝If you work hard, you will find it not difficult to learn.
努力学习，你就会发现学习并不难。
(3)“No＋动名词”也可以表示禁止性祈使句。如：
No swimming! 禁止游泳！
考点1分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
（ ）1.(2022朝阳)________ fast technology has progressed over the years!
A.What　　　 B.What a　　　
C.How　　　 D.What an
C
（ ）2.(2022贵港)—________ wonderful the opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics is!
—So it is.
A.How a　 B.How　　 C.What a　 D.What
B
（ ）3.(2022遂宁)—Sam, ________ run in the hallways.It's very dangerous.
—Sorry, Ms.Black.
A.do　　 B.don't　 C.not　 D.doesn't
B
（ ）4.(2022北京)—________ will Liu Yang stay in the space station this time
—For six months.
A.How long　 B.How often　
C.How much　 D.How soon
A
（ ）5.(2022常州)—________ does your school organize an English Reading Festival
—Once a term.
A.How often　　 B.How old　
C.How long　　 D.How soon
A
（ ）6.(2022营口)Listen! ________ news report Betty is giving! Everyone likes it very much.
A.How boring　　 B.How wonderful
C.What a wonderful　 D.What a boring
C
（ ）7.(2022无锡) —________ did the online concert begin
—You didn't miss anything.It has just begun.
A.When B.Where C.What　 D.Why
A
（ ）8.(2022广元)—________ silent, please! You are in the library.
—I'm sorry, madam.
A.Keep　 B.To keep　 C.Keeping　 D.Kept
A
再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)
Do you enjoy hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries and chips If your answers are “yes”， please __9__ care.They are junk food, which has lots of fat, salt and sugar, but few nutrients(营养).__10__ terrible!
（ ）9.A.taking　 B.take　 C.to take
（ ）10.A.What B.What a C.How
B
C
Most scientists say junk food is unhealthy.__11__ do they say so First, it is cheap to make.Second, it is quick and easy for people to eat.Third, most junk food has food additives(添加剂).It's OK to have junk food sometimes.__12__ can you have it At most once a week.
（ ）11.A.Which B.Who C.Why
（ ）12.A.How often B.How much C.How many
C
A
2
简单句的基本结构
只有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句的基本句型可以分成六类：
(1)主语＋谓语(S＋Vi)　　　　　　
(2)主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋P)
(3)主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋Vt＋O)
(4)主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋Vt＋IO＋DO)
(5)主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋Vt＋O＋C)　　　
(6)存现句(There be句型)
下面重点讲解There be句型。
There be句型，又叫存现句，表示“某地有某人/事物”，强调存在。there没有意义，be动词后的名词(短语)是句子的主语。be动词的数与主语一致，出现并列主语时，必须和邻近的主语一致。
1.There be句型的时态
时态 There be句型 例句
一般现在时 There is/are… There are fifty students in our class.
一般过去时 There was/were… There was a monster in the village long long ago.
一般将来时 There will be… There is going to be… There is going to be a match this afternoon.
There will be a wonderful concert this weekend.
2.There be句型的变式
there be结构中的be动词前可用seem to, happen to, used to或情态动词；be动词也可用live, stand, lie 等替换。如：
There used to be many houses here.过去这里有很多房子。
There must be something wrong with the computer.
这台电脑一定出问题了。
Long long ago there lived a king.很久很久以前有一个国王。
3.“There be＋sb.＋doing sth.＋地点/时间状语”的用法
此结构表示“有某人正在做某事”。如：
There are several children swimming in the river.
河里有几个孩子正在游泳。
There be句型和have的用法区别
There be句型表示“存在”，指某地有某物/某人；have表示“拥有”，指某人有某物。有时There be句型可与have句型相互转换。如：
Our school has 62 classes.＝There are 62 classes in our school.我们学校有六十二个班级。
先练基础——单句训练
（ ）1.(2022黔东南州)In our school library, there ________ a number of books on art.The number of the books ________ still growing larger and larger.
A.is; is　　 B.are; is　　 C.is; are　 D.are; are
考点2分层专练
B
（ ）2.(2022恩施州)There ________ some milk and several apples in the fridge.
A.is B.are　　　 C.be　　 D.am
A
（ ）3.There ________ a meeting this afternoon.
A.is going to have　 B.will have　
C.is going to be　 D.are going to be
C
再提能力——小语篇训练(短文填空)
London Zoo is the world's oldest scientific zoo.It has a history of about 180 years.London Zoo has about 755 kinds of animals.There 4.__________ lions, camels, giraffes, tigers and other animals.There 5.__________ an aquarium(水族馆) in the zoo, too.It has many kinds of fishes.
are　
is
层级一　语法点针对训练
小语篇训练——语法选择
(2022滨州改编)My name is Kevin.The first twelve years of my life was nearly perfect until my parents told me some terrible news.__1__ is the terrible news Before I tell you the news, __2__ me tell you about a great day in my life.
（ ）1.A.What　　　 B.When　　　　　C.How
（ ）2.A.letting　　　 B.to let　　　　　C.let
A
C
Every morning my mom wakes me up softly and takes time to listen to my dreams.Then in the kitchen, there __3__ a big breakfast and a kind dad waiting for me.During the drive to school, I choose the music we listen to.Mom, Dad, and I sing along loudly.At dinner, we eat and tell stories about our day.__4__ happily we live!
（ ）3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　　　C.am
（ ）4.A.What　　 B.What a　　　 C.How
A
C
Well, it's time for me to tell you the bad news.A few months ago, my parents told me that I was going to have a little sister.Ugh! For twelve years, I have been the center of attention.There __5__ nobody sharing parents with me.
（ ）5.A.are　　　 B.be　　　　　　　 C.is
C
I told Mom that I didn't want a baby sister.But it didn't work.Today, Mom and Dad are coming home from the hospital with my new sister.Well, here they are.Suddenly, Mom hugs me and kisses the top of my head.Before I say anything, Dad puts the baby in my arms and says, “__6__ your sister.” My baby sister reaches out her hands and grabs(抓) my finger! __7__ lovely baby she is!
（ ）6.A.Kiss　　　 B.To kiss　　　 C.Kissing
（ ）7.A.What　　　 B.What a　　 C.What an
A
B
__8__ do you feel about having a little sister For me, it is not bad.I believe Mom and Dad have enough love for both of us.
（ ）8.A.Who　　　 B.How　　　　　 C.Where
B
层级二　中考题型训练
语法选择
Have you ever heard of Janis Chan She received the award of Person Touching China for 2021, one of __1__ awards in China.
（ ）1.A.the most famous　　 B.more famous
C.most famous
A
Working as a reporter and TV host __2__ over 20 years, Janis Chan from Hong Kong has always tried to create a window to the motherland.In 2021, Chan hosted a show called No Poverty Land.__3__ show records how people in poor areas of China get rid of(摆脱) poverty.
（ ）2.A.on B.for C.in
（ ）3.A.A B.An　 C.The
B
C
__4__ one village, she climbed a 2，556 step ladder up a steep(陡峭) mountain.She also went through sandstorms in northwest China and overcame altitude(高原) sickness on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau(高原).Chan not only talked with people there but experienced __5__ lives.__6__ hard she made the show!
（ ）4.A.Reach B.To reach　 C.Reaching
（ ）5.A.they B.them　 C.their
（ ）6.A.How B.What a C.What an
B
C
4．逗号后面句子完整，则此处应该是状语，用不定式表目的。
A
6．对副词hard进行感叹，应该用How。
Her father once asked her, “__7__ do you make such a difficulty show？” She answered, “Because there __8__ people out there who'd always like to question the achievements of the mainland.I __9__ the changes since 2020, and I felt it necessary to do a program like this.”
（ ）7.A.When B.Why　 C.Who
（ ）8.A.am　 B.is C.are
（ ）9.A.see B.saw C.have seen
B
C
7．根据下面的回答可知，此处是问原因，故用Why。
C
9．根据时间状语since 2020可知句子用现在完成时。
Now __10__ the Internet for the show and watch it carefully.You must be proud of our powerful country.
（ ）10.A.search B.searches C.to search
A
10．分析句子结构可知是祈使句，故用动词原形。
短文大意：本文主要介绍了2021年感动中国年度人物之一的陈贝儿。
自我评价表
Step 1　请将你已经掌握的内容划“√”；尚未掌握的内容，请再次重点复习！
□句子种类　　　　　　□简单句(重点there be句型)
Step 2　请为自己的学习成果打分
(1)我能运用所学语法知识，完成中考时态相关的语法题。__________分/5分
(2)我对做好时态相关的中考题有信心。__________分/5分
谢谢大家！