2023年中考英语复习模块一语法专题探究补一课 主谓一致课件(共25张PPT)

(共25张PPT)
模块一 语法专题探究
补一课 主谓一致
01
语法一致的原则
02
意义一致的原则
03
就近一致的原则
04
考点分层专练
主谓一致是2022年版课标新增加的内容，为仅作理解要求的语法项目。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致的原则
(1)单数名词或代词作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数；复数名词或代词作主语时， 谓语动词要用复数。如：
①The boy goes to school early every morning.　
②The children are playing outside.
(2)由and或both… and… 连接两个主语，表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数；但如果and连接的两个并列的单数主语在意义上指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。如：①Both he and I are right.　
②The poet and writer(诗人兼作家) has come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语，如果分别由each或every修饰， 其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
①In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
②Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时， 尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, along with, like, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等介词(短语), 谓语动词仍用单数。如：
①The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
②Nobody but two boys was late for class.
(5)一些只有复数形式的名词， 如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时， 谓语动词要用复数。如：
①A lot of people are dancing outside.　
②The police are looking for the lost boy.
(6)由两部分构成的物体的名词， 如glasses, shoes, trousers, scissors等作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。但是如果这类名词前用了a pair of等， 谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数。如：
①Here are some new pairs of shoes.　
②My new pair of socks is on the bed.
(7)动词不定式、动名词作主语时， 谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
To say something is usually easier than to do something.
2.意义一致的原则
(1)表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数。如：
①Twenty years is not a long time.　
②Ten dollars is too much.
(2)有些集合名词， 如family, team, class, group等作主语时， 如果作为一个整体看待， 谓语动词用单数；如果指其中每个成员， 谓语动词用复数。如：
①My family is a big one.我的家庭很大。(指整体)
②My family are watching TV.我的家人正在看电视。
(指每个成员)
(3)不定代词all, most, more, some, any, the rest(剩余的)作主语时， 要根据这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词， 谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词， 谓语动词用单数。如：
①All of the work has been finished.　　　　　
②All of the people have gone.
③I have read a large part of the book. The rest is more difficult.
④Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were sick.
(4)“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的词组作主语时， 其谓语动词要根据of后面的名词而定。名词是复数， 谓语动词用复数；名词是单数， 谓语动词用单数。如：
①It is said that 35 percent of the doctors are women.
②Three fourths of the surface of the Earth is water.
(5)none of作主语时， 如果后接复数名词， 谓语动词可用复数或单数；如果后接不可数名词， 谓语动词用单数。如：
①None of the advice was accepted.　
②None of the children are/is interested in art.
(6)“the＋形容词”表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
The sick(病人) have been cured and the lost(失踪的人) have been found.
(7)在“one of＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的谓语动词应该用复数形式。如：
This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.
注意：当one之前有the only等修饰语时， 关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，此时，从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。如：She is the only one of the girls who is late.
3.就近一致的原则
(1)由连词either… or…， neither… nor…， not only… but (also)… 等连接的并列主语， 其后接的谓语动词遵循就近一致原则， 即与最靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Either you or I am right.
(2)在“There be”句型中， 谓语动词和最靠近它的主语保持一致。如：
①There is one egg and two apples in it.　
②There are two apples and one egg in it.
(1)不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody, anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either等以及被each, every等修饰的名词作主语时， 尽管有些表达复数意义， 但是， 它们的谓语动词应该用单数形式。如：
①Is everybody here today？　②Neither book is good.
(2)“a number of＋复数名词”意为“许多”， 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”意为“……的数目”， 作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。如：The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.被邀请的人是50个， 但其中许多人由于不同的原因缺席了。
考点分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
（ ）1.(2022铜仁) Using public chopsticks ________ necessary when eating with others.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
A
（ ）2.(2022毕节)Neither Saturday nor Sunday ________ OK because I will be busy these two days.
A.are　　　　B.is　　　　　C.am　　　　 D.be
B
3.Not only my father but also my grandpa __________ (be) looking forward to flying to Singapore this weekend.
4.The number of the chickens on the farm __________ (be) about 130.
is
is
再提能力——小语篇训练(用所给动词的适当形式填空)
The police find most criminals because somebody 5.__________(tell) them who the criminals are.They find other criminals by using science and their computers.When there 6.__________(be) a bank robbery(抢劫), the police first 7.__________(look) through their computers for the names of bank robbers they know about.Then they go and talk to these robbers who 8.__________(be) not in jail(在狱中).They ask them where they were at the time of the robbery.If any of these people cannot give a good answer, the police will often use science to find out if one of them 9.__________(be) the robber.
tells　
is　
look　
are　
is
谢谢大家！