2023年中考英语复习模块一语法专题探究第四章 动词的非谓语形式课件(共52张PPT)

(共52张PPT)
模块一 语法专题探究
第四章 动词的非谓语形式
01
课表语法导图
02
考点精讲精练
03
语法分层演练
语境导入
What do you usually do in your spare time Many students choose ①__________(stay) at home, but Zhang Hua doesn't.Every day, he spends at least two hours ②__________(do) outdoor activities.
Zhang's father began to take him ③__________(do) outdoor activities one year ago.Now Zhang is famous for outdoor activities on the Internet.
to stay
doing
to do
Some teenagers say exercise can make them relaxed.④Doing sports makes their brains more active than usual.It is also a kind of ⑤__________(train) for willpower(毅力).However, some parents are also ⑥__________(worry) about the safety of outdoor activities because kids may do crazy and risky things.
training
worried
Step 1　根据上下文用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
Step 2　明确动词非谓语的三种形式：动词不定式(如①③)、动词的 ing形式(如②④⑤)和动词的 ed形式(如⑥)。
1
动词不定式
考点精析
1.基本形式　肯定形式：to＋动词原形　　　　　
否定形式：not＋to＋动词原形
2.用法　新课标要求考生掌握的用法有：作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语，但别的用法也需要了解。
(1)作宾语
①动词＋动词不定式　如：Suddenly it began to rain.
常接不定式作宾语的动词(动词＋to do sth.)
want想要　　　 dare敢　　　　　 offer主动提出
decide决定　　 learn学习 agree赞成　
refuse拒绝 hope希望　 plan打算　
prepare准备 afford承担得起 manage设法完成
promise答应 expect预计 need需要
②和疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等连用，一起作tell, ask, know, show, learn等动词的宾语。如：
I don't know what to do.我不知道做什么。
She showed us how to do it.她向我们展示了怎样去做。
③it作形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语放在后面。如：
I find it difficult to learn French well.我发现学好法语很难。
(2)作宾语补足语
有的动词需要用带to的不定式作宾语补足语，有的动词则需要用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。如：
My father asked Mary to buy some salt on her way back.
我爸爸让玛丽在回来的路上买些盐。
These pictures made me think of my childhood.
这些照片让我想起了我的童年。
常接带to的不定式作宾补的动词(动词＋sb.＋to do sth.)
teach教　　 tell告诉　　 get使　　 ask要求　　
invite邀请　　 force强迫 want想要 warn警告
allow允许 require要求 advise建议 order命令
encourage鼓励 　 expect期望　 help帮助(也可以不带to)
常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(动词＋sb.＋do sth.)
have让　 make使　 let让　 feel感受到　 see看见　 watch观看 notice注意　 hear听见
(3)作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语可置于句首，也可以置于句末；可以与in order to do互相替换。如：
He went there to see his grandpa.他去那里看了他的爷爷。
To catch the bus, he got up early.
为了赶上公共汽车，他早早起床。
(4)作主语
动词不定式作主语可以转化成it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语放在后面。如：
To learn English well is very important.
→It is very important to learn English well.
(5)作定语
动词不定式作定语，放在被修饰词的后面。如：
Would you like something to drink
(6)作表语
动词不定式作表语，也可转换成作主语。如：
My job is to drive a plane.→To drive a plane is my job.
开飞机是我的工作。
不带to的常用句型：
had better (not) do sth.最好(不要)做某事
would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A，也不愿做B
prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A，也不愿做B
Why don't you/not do sth. 为什么不做某事？
Would/Could you please (not) do sth.？请你(不要)做某事好吗？
考点1分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
（ ）1.(2022云南)If you want ________ your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.
A.improve　　　 B.to improve　　　 C.improving　　　 D.improved
B
（ ）2.(2022镇江)The high school invited a famous scientist ________ a talk on World Earth Day.
A.giving　　 B.to given　　
C.give　　　　 D.to give
D
（ ）3.(2022绥化)—We should do what we can ________ the spread of the virus.
—You are right.We can often wash our hands and wear masks.
A.prevent　　 B.to prevent　
C.preventing　　 D.prevents
B
（ ）4.After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless.I think it important ________ a peaceful world.
A.build　　　　　　 B.not build　　　　　 C.to build　　　　 D.not to build
C
（ ）5.For more than once, our head teacher asks us ________ the habit of keeping a diary.
A.develop　　　　　　　　 B.develops
C.developing　　　 D.to develop
D
（ ）6.(2022达州)—Exercising is good for our health.
—You're right.So I'd rather ________ an hour's walk than ________ in front of the computer.
A.to take; sit　　　　　 B.take; sit　　　　　 C.take; sitting　 D.to take; sitting　　　　
B
再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)
I have quite a healthy life these days, but I wasn't always so good! A few months ago, I knew that I needed __7__ my habits.I spent too much time on the computer and didn't eat well.It was necessary for me __8__ something about it.
（ ）7.A.change　　　 B.changing　　　C.to change
（ ）8.A.doing　　　 B.to do　　　　 C.not to do
C
B
The first thing I changed was my diet.I stopped eating junk food.Then I started to do more exercise.I ran a little further each week and I feel much better now! I also found that I didn't get enough sleep because I often stayed up late __9__ computer games.So I tried to keep myself away from the computer.
If someone wants to change, he will make it!
（ ）9.A.to play　　　 B.not to play　　　 C.played
A
2
动词的- ing形式(2022年版课标新增内容)
动词的 -ing形式为2022年版课标新增的内容，仅作理解要求。
动词的- ing形式包括动名词和现在分词，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等。
1.作主语
有时可用it作形式主语，把动词的- ing形式置于句尾，这种用法常用在it's no use/good doing sth.句型中。如：
Reading is good for us.阅读对我们有好处。
It's no use crying over spilt milk.木已成舟，哭也没用。
2.作宾语
作宾语的动词- ing形式是动名词，可以跟在介词和某些动词之后。如：
We should prevent the river from being polluted.
我们应该防止河流被污染。
常接动词的- ing形式作宾语的动词(词组)(动词＋doing sth.)
avoid避免　　 mind介意　 finish完成　　 practice练习 enjoy喜欢 miss错过　 consider考虑 suggest建议　 risk冒险　 imagine想象 keep继续　 feel like想要　 put off推迟　 pay attention to注意 give up放弃　 look forward to盼望　 　　 be/get used to习惯于
动词的 -ing形式的常见句型
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事　　　　
be worth doing sth.值得做某事
spend…(in) doing sth.花……做某事
have fun/trouble doing sth.做某事有乐趣/困难
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
prefer doing A to doing B比起做B更喜欢做A
What/How about doing sth. 做某事怎么样？
既可接动词不定式，也可接动词的- ing形式作宾语的动词
forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)　 　　　
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)　 　　　
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事　 　　　
stop doing sth.停止做某事
regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做) 　　　
regret doing sth.对做过的事感到后悔(已做)
try to do sth.设法/努力做某事　　 　　　
try doing sth.尝试做某事
mean to do sth.打算/有意做某事　　 　　　
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
3.作宾语补足语
动词的- ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel等感官动词，have, get, leave, keep等使役动词以及find, catch等动词后作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。如：
I heard a girl crying not far away.我听见不远处有女孩在哭。
Don't have your children doing their homework all the time.
不要让你的孩子一直做作业。
I found the girl reading in the classroom.
我发现那个女孩正在教室里读书。
感官动词see和hear后既可接动词的- ing形式作宾补，也可接省略to的不定式作宾补，其区别在于：
see/hear sb. doing sth. 看见/听见动作正在进行 试比较：
I saw her planting a tree on the hill when I met her yesterday afternoon.
(指看到她的时候她正在种树)
I saw her plant a tree on the hill in spring.
(指看到了她种树的全过程)
see/hear sb. do sth. 看见/听见动作的全过程，常用来描述经常性和重复性行为
4.作表语、定语和状语
(1)作表语：Your task is cleaning the classroom.
你的任务是打扫教室。
(2)作定语：My mother bought a new washing machine.
我妈妈买了一台新洗衣机。
(3)作状语：Hearing the news, the boy was very happy.
听到这个消息，男孩很开心。(the boy和hear是主动关系)
3
动词的- ed形式(2022年版课标新增内容)
动词的- ed形式为2022年版课标新增的内容，仅作理解要求。
动词的 -ed形式(即动词的过去分词)在句子中可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。
1.作定语
单个的动词 -ed形式作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；动词 -ed形式的短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后，其作用相当于一个省略的定语从句。如：
spoken English英语口语　
the concert given by their friends他们朋友举办的音乐会
2.作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是被动关系，构成“动词＋ sb./sth.＋ done”结构。常见的结构有：make sb./sth.done和get sth.done。如：
She spoke loudly to make herself heard.
她大声说话，为了让她自己被听到。
Lily got her ears pierced.莉莉打了耳洞。
3.作状语
Written in a hurry, the article was not so good.
由于写得匆忙，文章不太好。
(the article和动词write之间是被动关系)
（ ）1.(2022铜仁)—Do you know there are more than
3，000 languages ________ in the world
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A.speaking B.spoken C.speak D.spoke
考点2～3专练
B
（ ）2.(2022黔东南)An old man ________ on the side of the road was found dead, and he was sent to the hospital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A.lies　　 B.lay　 C.lain 　　 D.lying
D
（ ）3.(2022遂宁)—The art festival is coming.It's a good chance to show ourselves.
—You are very good at ________.And you will be the most popular star.
A.singing　　 B.sing　 C.to sing　 D.sang
A
（ ）4.(2022绥化改编)If you have difficulty ________ out the prAoblem, you can ask the teacher for help.
A.work　　 B.working　　
C.to work　　 D.worked
B
5.(2022贺州)You'd better spend more time ______________ sports after school to keep healthy.
6.If you want to make yourself __________(understand), you'd better explain patiently.
7.(2022岳阳改编)Many students practice __________(run) in the morning because of the P.E.exam.
doing/playing
understood
running
层级一　语法点针对训练
语法选择
(2022本溪改编)Long long ago, people always walked barefooted(光脚的).
A king happened __1__ far into the countryside.He was greatly troubled because there were lots of broken stones on the road and they hurt his feet seriously.When he returned to his palace, he told his men __2__ all the roads with cattle hide(牛皮).He hoped walking would no longer be a painful thing.But even if all cattle in the country were killed, there wouldn't be enough hide to get the work __3__.
（ ）1.A.travel　　　 B.to travel　　　 C.traveling
（ ）2.A.to cover　　　 B.cover　　　 C.covering
（ ）3.A.doing　　　 B.to do　　　 C.done
B
A
C
They could do nothing but shake their heads.At this time, a clever general in the palace made a suggestion, “My king, how about __4__ an easy way You don't need __5__ so many cattle.You only cover each of your feet with a piece of hide.” The king was surprised and __6__， and he changed his mind at once and supported the plan.
（ ）4.A.take　　　 B.taking　　　 C.to take
（ ）5.A.to kill　　　 B.killing　　　 C.killed
（ ）6.A.please　　　 B.pleasing　　　 C.pleased
B
A
C
This is why people use hide to make shoes.Though it seems strange, it encourages us __7__.It is usually easier to change oneself than to change the world.Try to put yourself in the position of the person you deal with.Then when you use another way of thinking, you will find it is not difficult for you __8__ the problem.
（ ）7.A.to think　　　 B.thinking　　　 C.thought
（ ）8.A.solve　　　 B.solving　　　 C.to solve
A
C
层级二　中考题型训练
语法选择
(2022汕头一模)After watching the movie Dune(《沙丘》) in the cinema, Qian Ying, a 19 year old college student from Anhui Province, ordered the printed book online.
“The movie was so __1__ that I wanted to read the novel immediately，” Qian said.“After all, reading has become a daily thing for __2__.”
（ ）1.A.interesting B.interestingly C.interested
（ ）2.A.I B.me C.my
A
B
Like Qian, many young people in China still love reading paper books.In modern society, people are often busy __3__ work and have little time to take a rest.But reading books is a relaxing experience.More young people are thankful for __4__ they get from the experience.
（ ）3.A.by B.for C.with
（ ）4.A.when B.what C.which
C
B
3．句意：在现代社会，人们经常忙于工作，并且很少有时间休息。be busy with忙于……。
4．句意：更多的年轻人对他们从这段经历中得到的东西心存感激。what they get意为“他们得到的东西”。
“Though the novel Dune is quite long，”said Qian，“I'm pleased __5__ a lot of time reading it carefully.”Qian said that this decision was based on(基于) her __6__ experience.In senior high school, much homework __7__ so she had little time to read.__8__ she wanted to know about some literary works, she would turn to Chinese video sharing platforms like Bilibili or Douyin, where video creators would explain these books.
（ ）5.A.to spend B.spend C.spending
（ ）6.A.the earlier B.earlier C.the earliest
A
B
5．be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事。
“Though the novel Dune is quite long，”said Qian，“I'm pleased __5__ a lot of time reading it carefully.”Qian said that this decision was based on(基于) her __6__ experience.In senior high school, much homework __7__ so she had little time to read.__8__ she wanted to know about some literary works, she would turn to Chinese video sharing platforms like Bilibili or Douyin, where video creators would explain these books.
（ ）7.A.was given B.is given C.was giving
（ ）8.A.Until B.When C.Although
A
B
7．根据“so she had little time to read”可知该句时态要用一般过去时，主语homework与谓语动词give是逻辑上的被动关系，故用被动语态。
“Unfortunately, I can't remember all of them，”said Qian.“Reading should be __9__ activity to offer people literary experience and knowledge. Without many details(细节) in videos, people sometimes can't get the best out of the books.”
But with more young people reading paper __10__， the reading atmosphere(氛围) is improving in the whole country.
（ ）9.A.the B.a C.an
（ ）10.A.book's B.book C.books
C
C
短文大意：本文介绍了越来越多的年龄人喜欢读纸质书，以及其中的缘由。
自我评价表
Step 1　请将你已经掌握的内容划“√”；尚未掌握的内容，请再次重点复习！
□动词不定式作宾语　　　　□动词不定式作宾语补足语　　　　□动词不定式作目的状语
Step 2　请为自己的学习成果打分
(1)我能运用所学语法知识，完成中考时态相关的语法题。__________分/5分
(2)我对做好时态相关的中考题有信心。__________分/5分
谢谢大家！