2023年中考英语复习模块一语法专题探究第五节名词课件(共71张PPT)

(共71张PPT)
模块一 语法专题探究
第五章　名词
01
课表语法导图
02
考点精讲精练
03
语法分层演练
语境导入
①Jack is very busy because he runs several shops and ②__________(company). He works seven ③__________(day) a week and 12 ④__________(month) a year. In his spare time he likes watching football ⑤__________(match). He likes eating ⑥__________(tomato) but he doesn't eat vegetables with ⑦
companies
days
months
matches
tomatoes
__________(leaf).He has two ⑧pet horses and he often rides them with his friends on Mr Black's farm. ⑨The farm is about ten ⑩__________(minute) walk from his home. He thinks the scenery of the farm is very beautiful.
Step 1　根据上下文用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
Step 2　明确名词的句法功能：名词在句中可作主语(①)、表语、宾语(②)、同位语、定语(⑧)等。
leaves
minutes'
考点精析
1
名词的分类
名词根据其意义，可以分为专有名词和普通名词。
1．专有名词
表示具体的姓名、事物、地名、机构、月份和节日等的名词称为专有名词。如：Jack, Green(姓), Macao, the University of London, November, Mother's Day等。
2．普通名词
类别 含义 例子
可数名词 (有单数和复 数两种形式) 个体名词 用来指可以单个独立存在的个人或事物的名称 book, key, student, writer, egg, bag
集体名词 用来指一群人或一些事物的总称 army, police, family, group, team, class
不可数 名词 物质名词 用来指无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词 water, wind, glass, coffee, paper
抽象名词 用来指人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的名词 happiness, love, duty, silence, life
3.名词词义辨析
名词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查，且大多为名词在语境中的辨析，主要考查考生能否通过对上下文的理解，选择合适的词汇。名词词义辨析在广东中考中属于必考点。
考点1分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
(　　)1.(2022十堰)The ________ of oil goes higher and higher because of the war.
A．price B．pride
C．progress D．promise
A
(　　)2.(2022铜仁)—“One tree can't make a forest” is a famous saying.
—Sure.It tells us the importance of ________.
A．teamwork B．knowledge
C．friendship D．housework
A
(　　)3.(2022镇江)Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of ________.
A．achievement B．agreement
C．development D．entertainment
D
4．__________ is the fourth month of the year.
5．As we all know, there are four __________ in a year.Among them, I like spring best.
6．Jim is from America, so he can speak __________ very well.And now he is learning Chinese in Beijing.
April
seasons
English
再提能力——小语篇训练(完形填空)
There were no gifts he could afford in the shop.Colin walked out with his __7__ down.He was upset.“Why don't you do a comic(漫画) of Mum？” Whitney suggested.“Remember the __8__ I wrote for Mum last year She loved it.”
(　　)7.A.hands B．head C．ears D．nose
(　　)8.A.book B．letter C．story D．poem
B
D
Colin spent the next two days drawing.Finally he finished it.On the morning of Mother's Day, Colin gave it to Mum.“This is a great gift, Colin.Thank you，” his __9__ said happily and hung it next to Whitney's poem.Colin looked up at the comic.It really was a perfect gift.
(　　)9.A.sister B．brother C．mother D．father
C
2
可数名词的单复数
1．可数名词的单数变复数的规则变化
规则变化 例子
①一般直接加 s book—books; pen—pens; magazine—magazines; tree—trees
②以 s， x， sh， ch 等结尾的词在词尾加 es class—classes; box—boxes; brush—brushes; watch—watches
③以 f(e)结尾的词变f(e)为v，再加 es leaf—leaves; knife—knives; life—lives; shelf—shelves; wolf—wolves；thief—thieves
④以o结 尾的词 加 es tomato—tomatoes; potato—potatoes; hero—heroes
加 s photo—photos; piano—pianos; zoo—zoos; kangaroo—kangaroos; kilo—kilos；radio—radios; video—videos
规则变化 例子
⑤以y结 尾的词 “辅音字母＋y”，大多数变y为i，再加 es family—families; country—countries; story—stories; baby—babies; city—cities; lady—ladies
“元音字母＋y”，在词尾加 s toy—toys; boy—boys; day—days
2.可数名词的单数变复数的不规则变化
不规则变化 例子
变a为e man—men; woman—women; postman—postmen; policewoman—policewomen
变oo为ee tooth—teeth; foot—feet; goose—geese(鹅)
单复数同形 a fish—eight fish; a deer—a lot of deer; a sheep—twenty sheep
注意：fish表示“鱼的条数”时，复数形式为fish；fish表示“鱼的种类”时，复数形式为fishes；fish表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词。
巧记：中日爱吃鱼羊鹿
表示“某国人” Chinese—Chinese; Japanese—Japanese; Englishman—Englishmen；
Frenchman—Frenchmen; American—Americans; German—Germans
巧记：中日不变英法变，其他s加后面
其他变化形式 mouse—mice　　　　　child—children　　　　　 ox—oxen(公牛)
名词作定语的 复数变化 ①多数情况将最后一个名词变为复数
a boy student—two boy students; an apple tree—six apple trees;
a shoe factory—two shoe factories
②由man/woman修饰，前后名词均变复数
a man teacher—ten men teachers; a woman nurse—many women nurses
③有一些常以复数形式出现的名词也可以作定语
a clothes shop服装店； a sports meeting运动会； a glasses store眼镜店
(1)一些集体名词形式上为单数，意义为复数。如：people, police。
(2)一些名词形式上为复数，意义表示单数。如：news, physics, maths。
(3)部分集体名词既可作单数(整体)，也可作复数(成员)。如：class(班级：单数；全班同学：复数), family(家庭：单数；家人：复数), couple, group, team等。如：
①My family is going to move.我家将要搬迁。
②My family are early risers.我家里的人都起得很早。
(4)有些有对称关系的名词通常只用复数形式。如：trousers, glasses, clothes, shorts, scissors等。
3．可数名词的量
具体的 数量 其前加a/an或数词 two books; ten people
数词＋量词＋of＋可数名词复数 one bag of apples 一袋苹果； two pairs of trousers 两条裤子
大概的 数量 其前加修饰词 few(几乎没有); a few(一些); several(几个); many(许多); a (great) number of(许多); the number of(……的数量)
考点2分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
(　　)1. 易错点These ________ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.
A．women doctors B．women doctor
C．woman doctors D．woman doctor
A
(　　)2.Most of our classmates brush ________ at least twice a day.
A．tooth B．toothes C．tooths D．teeth
(　　)3.—I'm told there are three new classmates in your class.
—Yes.One is _______， and the other two are ________.
A．Japan; Germany　 B．Japanese; German
C．Japanese; Germans D．Japanese; Germen
D
C
(　　)4.—Does she like ________？
—No, she doesn't.She likes ________.
A．tomatos; strawberries　
B．tomato; strawberrys
C．tomatoes; strawberries　
D．tomatoes; strawberry
C
5．The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar _________．
6．We use __________ and forks to eat in France, like chopsticks in China.
7．We usually have classes at school on __________ and stay at home on weekends.
calendar
knives
weekdays
再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)
Do you like camping Nowadays, another kind of camp, the sleep away camp, is becoming popular with __8__．It's called the sleep away camp because people stay overnight there.It's a kind of vacation for kids, without their ____9__ ．
(　　)8.A.child　 B．child's　 C．children
(　　)9.A.parent　 B．parents　 C．parent's
C
B
The sleep away camp is a chance to learn about being independent.Stop playing __10__ and attend the sleep away camp now!
(　　)10.A．video game　　 B．video games　
C．videos game
B
3
不可数名词
物质名词、抽象名词往往不能用具体的数字来表示，通常被看作不可数名词；专有名词通常特指某个人或物，因此没有必要用具体的数字来修饰，一般也是不可数名词。但是，在不同的语境下，有些不可数名词也可以转化为可数名词。
1．抽象名词的数
(1)表示情感、情绪的词，强调具体的人或事时，常将抽象名词具体化使用，可以作可数名词。如：
surprise 吃惊；惊奇
success 成功
failure 失败
beauty 美
pleasure 愉快；乐趣
a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事
a success 一件成功的事
a failure 一件失败的事
a beauty 一位美人
a pleasure 一件乐事
(2)在一些词组中可以作可数名词。如：have a rest(休息), catch a cold(感冒), have a good time(玩得开心), live a happy life(过幸福的生活)等。
2．专有名词的数
专有名词一般被视为不可数名词，表示具体意义，指“一个/只……”时也可以作可数名词。如：
A Jim is waiting for you.一个叫吉姆的人在等你。
There are two Marys in my class.我们班有两个叫玛丽的。
3．有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同
单词 词义
可数 不可数
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
room 房间 空间
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
exercise 习题 锻炼
experience 经历 经验
work 作品 工作
单词 词义
可数 不可数
light 电灯 光
change 变化 零钱
time 次；倍 时间
orange 橙子 橙汁；橙色
paper 报纸；试卷 纸张
interest 业余爱好 兴趣
4.不可数名词的量
具体的数量 数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词 one bottle of water 一瓶水； four pieces of paper 四张纸
注意：在这种情况下，后面谓语动词的单复数形式与量词的数保持一致。如：One bottle of water is not enough.But three bottles of water are OK.
大概的数量 其前加修饰词 little(几乎没有); a little(一点); much(许多); a great deal of(许多); a large amount of(许多)
常见的既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词的修饰词有：some(一些), a lot of/lots of(许多), plenty of(大量)等。
考点3分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
(　　)1.(2022贺州)—How much ________ do you need
—We need two cups.
A．milk B．egg
C．pear D．potato
A
(　　)2.Jane is very thirsty, so she needs some ________.
A．water B．bread
C．cakes D．Rice
(　　)3.The three ________ upstairs are too small to have enough ________ for a double bed.
A．room; room B．room; rooms
C．rooms; room D．rooms; rooms
A
C
(　　)4.—Mum, I've heard that we can't eat ________ these days.Is it true
—Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.
A．chicken B．chickens
C．a chicken D．the chicken
A
5．—What do you think the __________ of China will be by the end of 2030
—I think it will be over 1.5 billion.
6．The boy is so honest that he always tells the __________ and never lies.
7．Say no to food ______________．“Food saving” has been included as part of your school education.
population
truth
waste/wasting
再提能力——小语篇训练(短文填空)
Li Hua is my friend.She has a lot of good habits.She never eats junk 8.__________， like hamburgers and fried chicken.She enjoys books because she thinks they are good for her.Li Hua loves her family, and she sometimes helps with 9.__________， such as sweeping the floor and taking out the rubbish.Every day, she does 10.______________ in the park to become healthier and stronger.Although she likes hanging out with her classmates, she seldom stays out late.I should learn from her.
food
housework
exercise/sports
4
名词所有格
1．'s所有格
(1)构成
①不以 s结尾的名词在其后加's。如：Lucy's father, Children's Day, today's newspaper, the boy's room。
②以 s结尾的复数名词在其后加'。如：the girls' desks, Teachers' Day, the students' homework。
③以 s结尾的人名加's和'均可。如：Engles'/Engles's theory。
(2)用法
①表示有生命的名词的所有关系。如：Jim's class, the boy's room。
②两人或多人“共有”一个人或事物，在最后一个名词后加's属格。如：Tom and Tim's room 汤姆和蒂姆共有的房间。
③两人或多人“分别有”一个人或事物，每个名词后都要加's属格。如：Tom's and Tim's rooms汤姆和蒂姆分别的房间。
④表示时间、距离、国家等的名词，常用's所有格表示所属关系。如：two days' trip, today's newspaper, China's weather, ten minutes' walk, the world's people。
⑤表示“在某人的家”“在医务室”或“在……店铺”时，所有格后经常不出现它所修饰的名词。如：at Tom's在汤姆家，at the doctor's在医务室/诊所。
2．of所有格
(1)表示无生命名词的所有关系。如：the main idea of the story故事的主要意思，the flowers of the tree树的花。
(2)有些名词所有格既可用's，也可用of。如：the boy's name＝the name of the boy，China's population＝the population of China。
3．双重所有格
“名词＋of＋'s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如：a classmate of Tom's汤姆的一位同学，a friend of mine我的一位朋友。
of前的名词是photo, picture时，双重所有格与of所有格表示的意义不同。如：
a picture of Mr Smith史密斯先生(本人)的一张照片
a picture of Mr Smith's史密斯先生(拥有)的一张照片
4．少数名词使用的固定搭配用to所有格。如：the key to the door, the answer/solution to the question, the way to my school。
考点4分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
(　　)1.(2022绥化)________ father is a pilot.He has been to many countries around the world.
A．Tony and Peter's B．Tony' and Peter
C．Tony's and Peter's D．Tony and Peter
A
(　　)2.(2022重庆A卷)This year, the family went camping on ________ Day, June 1st.
A．Child B．Child's C．Children D．Children's
(　　)3.—It's easy to travel from Beijing to Shanghai by taking the high speed railway.
—Yes, it's about ________.
A．eight hours ride B．eight hour's ride C．eight hours ride D．eight hours' ride
D
D
再提能力——小语篇训练(短文填空)
Employees(雇员) are not allowed to say they do not know the answer 4.__________ a question.If they are not sure, they must find someone who knows or ask the manager 5.__________ the company for help.
to
of
层级一 语法点针对训练
一、语法选择
In a small village, there used to be two friends whose ages were 5 and 10.Both lived on the same __1__．The name __2__ the 5 year old was Jack and the other was John.John was much bigger and stronger than Jack.
(　　)1.A.street B．streets C．street's
(　　)2.A.with B．to C．of
A
C
There was a forest near their village.It was only ten __3__ walk.Jack and John often went there to play.One day they played hide and seek there.Suddenly John fell into a pit(深坑).John started shouting for help.Jack ran to John at once.
(　　)3.A.minute's B．minutes C．minutes'
C
Without wasting a minute, he got a rope and gave one end to John and tied the other end to a strong __4__， and then he asked John to hold on to it.Jack tried very hard and finally pulled __5__ out from the pit.Both of them cried, smiled and then walked towards home.
(　　)4.A.tree's B．tree C．trees
(　　)5.A.John B．John's C．Johns
B
A
People were surprised that Jack saved John.One person asked Jack, “How could you help a person who is double your size and weight？”
Then Jack replied, “I used a rope.”
Everyone laughed, and __6__ father said, “Don't make up __7__．”
(　　)6.A.Jack B．Jack's C．Jacks
(　　)7.A.story B．story's C．stories
B
C
Among the people was a wise old __8__．He told the __9__ what the boys said was true.
A woman asked, “Jack is only five __10__ old.How was he able to do that？”
The old man replied, “That's because there was no one there to tell Jack he couldn't do it.”
(　　)8.A.man B．man's C．men
(　　)9.A.villager B．villagers C．villager's
(　　)10.A.year B．year's C．years
A
B
C
二、完形填空
It was sunny last Friday.I arrived at the railway station at three in the afternoon.I would take the __1__ to Shanghai to see my old friend Jack.But it was two hours before my train left.I thought it was the perfect __2__ to look for an act of kindness to do.
(　　)1.A.bus B．train C．plane D．underground
(　　)2.A.excuse B．time C．ending D．cost
B
B
Outside the station, there was a __3__ with a basket selling flowers.I told her that I'd like to buy flowers for someone else, and that she could decide who she would give the __4__ to.She looked a little confused(迷惑的), so I suggested that perhaps she gave the flowers to someone who looked a little sad.That was because the flowers might cheer him or her up.
(　　)3.A.girl B．boy C．man D．woman
(　　)4.A.tickets B．snacks C．fruit D．flowers
A
D
“That's a crazy __5__！” said the girl.Then I explained a little more about the idea of doing something for a __6__ and she understood.
(　　)5.A.idea B．dream C．day D．night
(　　)6.A.relative B．friend C．leader D．stranger
A
D
“I'm leaving for Shanghai and I'll never know how it turns out，” I said.“But you will have a good __7__ to make someone happy.Whatever good we do, they always come back to us.” At that time, she started to be excited about it.She went to take the flowers out of the __8__， and I explained, “You'd better leave the flowers there before the person appears.”
(　　)7.A.plan B．rest C．chance D．promise
(　　)8.A.bag B．basket C．box D．plate
C
B
I paid for the flowers, said goodbye, and walked into the __9__．At that time, I thought she was between surprised and happy, because she might meet a __10__ like me for the first time.
How wonderful the day was!
(　　)9.A.station B．school C．hospital D．park
(　　)10.A.artist B．doctor C．customer D．teacher
A
C
三、短文填空
When Yi Xiaoyang was two, he fell in love with skiing.The first 1.__________ he skied, he failed.He started to learn how to ski from then on.Yi was a fast learner, and at the 2.__________ of six, he began to ski in other parts of the world.
time
age
In 2015, Beijing got the 3.__________ to hold the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.Yi felt it hopeful to take part in the Olympics.He decided to take training 4.____________________ like a professional player.
As a 5.__________， Yi has to take classes at school like others.At the same time, he has to train a full day on weekends and a half day on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday.Even in summer, the training goes on.
chance
courses/classes/lessons
student
In the 6.__________， that was a big challenge.“When I started to train like a player, everything seemed to change，” said Yi.“I lost my interest.I even got angry with my coaches.They talked to my 7.__________ and decided to give me a one week break from the training.My parents agreed and took me home.”
beginning
parents
Luckily, during that 8.____________________， he picked up his joy in skiing.“I found that skiing had already become one important thing for me，” said Yi.After that, he continued his fight for his 9.________________.
“I might have dreamed of becoming an Olympic champion(冠军) before, but now it comes much clearer.I want to take 10.__________ in the Olympics, and that will be my goal.”
break/week/time/period
dream(s)/goal(s)
part
层级二　中考题型训练
完形填空
(2022佛山一模)Guqin, guzheng, pipa, erhu, xiao and chime(编钟) are all traditional Chinese musical instruments.They are __1__ of Chinese culture.
(　　)1.A．symbols B．traditions
C．meanings D．members
A
To many Chinese, playing traditional Chinese musical __2__ may seem a bit old fashioned.But some musicians like to play these instruments.They are trying to __3__ these instruments to the modern world.They __4__ them with modern sounds.
(　　)2.A.plays B．lyrics C．songs D．instruments
(　　)3.A.pick up B．bring back
C．search for D．take away
(　　)4.A.helped B．comparedC．mixed D．made
D
B
C
One of these __5__ is Brad Seippel from the US city of New Orleans.When he was 12, his father __6__ him to play the bass guitar.At 24, he went to China and learned to play the pipa.“A bass guitar has four strings(弦), and so does the pipa.So it was __7__ for me to play the pipa，” he said.
(　　)5.A.scientists B．engineers
C．managers D．musicians
(　　)6.A.encouraged B．prevented
C．refused D．warned
(　　)7.A.necessary B．modern C．natural D．difficult
D
A
C
Seippel's music is mainly electronic and __8__ quite modern.But the pipa adds something __9__ to his music, which makes it more interesting.
(　　)8.A.tastes B．sounds C．appears D．seems
(　　)9.A.strange B．rich C．famous D．special
B
D
Another one who does like Seippel is a heavy metal band, Nine Treasures, from Inner Mongolia.It uses Mongolian throat singing(呼麦) and a horsehead fiddle(马头琴) together.The horsehead fiddle adds a country flavor(韵味) to their rock songs.If you have a chance to see the band playing live in a concert, you will see it is __10__ a powerful mix.
(　　)10.A.still B．probably C．truly D．simply
C
短文大意：本文主要讲述了中国传统乐器正在和现代音乐相结合。
1．根据“Guqin, guzheng, pipa, erhu, xiao and chime are all traditional Chinese musical instruments”可知这些传统的中国乐器是中国文化的象征。
2．根据后句中的“play these instruments”可知，此处指的是乐器。
3．pick up捡起；bring back带回来；search for寻找；take away带走。由“these instruments to the modern world”可知，他们要把这些传统乐器带回现代。
4．mix sth.with sth.把某物和某物结合起来。
6．encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。
7．根据“A bass guitar has four strings, and so does the pipa.”可知，琵琶和电低音吉他之间有共通之处，所以弹琵琶对他来说很自然。
8．根据“Seippel's music”可知指的是音乐，所以用“听起来”。
9．根据“makes it more interesting”可知，琵琶为他的音乐添加了一些特别的东西。
10．根据“It uses Mongolian throat singing and a horsehead fiddle together.”和“The horsehead fiddle adds a country flavor to their rock songs.”可知，这真的是一种有力量的结合。
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谢谢大家！