2023年中考英语复习 第2部分 第6章 形容词与副词课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
第二部分 语法精讲精练
第六章 形容词与副词
知识框架
考情分析
考点梳理
技巧点拨
中考集训
语篇训练
考点 题型
语法选择 短文填空
形容词/副词的基本用法 2022 (第35题successfully) 2021 (第40题 excitedly) 2022 (第70题 ago)
形容词/副词原级 2022 (第36题hard) 2022 (第68题 good)
2021 (第72题proud)
形容词/副词比较级 2020 (第34题better) 2022 (第74题 more)
2020 (第75题 more)
形容词/副词最高级 2021 (第31题 the longest) /
分析： 广东中考近三年都涉及了形容词和副词的相关考点。 其中语法选择主要考查形容词的比较级和最高级的运用， 以及副词的基本用法。 短文填空则主要考查形容词和副词在语境中的使用， 以及形容词短语 (如： be good for, be proud of)。
考点一　形容词、 副词的基本用法 ★★★
1. 形容词的常用句法功能
功能 位置 例子
作表语 放在系动词后 The movie is interesting.
这部电影很有趣。
作定语 (1) 放在名词之前 (前置定语) (2) 放在不定代词之后 (后置 定语) This is an interesting book.
这是一本有趣的书。
There is nothing special in the book.
这本书没什么特别之处。
作宾语补足语 放在宾语之后， 常与make, leave, keep, think等动词连用 We should keep the classroom clean.
我们应该保持教室干净。
注意： 系动词后面只能接形容词。 系动词包括五个感官动词 (look, feel, smell, taste, sound), 四个 “变得” (turn, get, become, go), 三个 “保持” (keep, remain, stay), 两个 “似乎” (seem, appear), 以及be动词。 如： The sky would turn blood red. 天空会变成血红色。
2. 副词的常用句法功能
功能 位置 例子
作状语 (1) 修饰动词 John studies hard every day.
约翰每天都努力学习。
(2) 修饰形容词或副词 The food here is really delicious.
这里的食物真的很好吃。
修饰整个句子 Luckily, a policeman saw him.
幸运的是， 一个警察看见了他。
注意：
(1) 许多副词是由 “形容词＋ly” 构成的， 但并不是所有以ly结尾的词都是副词， 如： lovely, lively。
(2) enough的用法：
词性 用法 例子
形容词 放在其所修饰的名词前 I don't have enough money to buy the book.
我没有足够的钱来买这本书。
副词 放在其所修饰的形容词或副词后 He is old enough to travel alone.
他已经长大了， 可以独自旅行。
Jack runs fast enough.
杰克跑得够快。
(　 　)1. First, my dad told me to reach____into the fish bowl and take the house away.【2022 广州改编】
A. care B. careful C. carefully
(　 　)2. A very ____ snowstorm hit my hometown on April 20th, 2022.
A. heavy B. heavily C. heavier
　 A
C
考点二　形容词、 副词比较级和最高级的变化规则 ★★★
1. 规则变化
词性 基本变化规则 例子
形 容 词 绝大多数形容词的比较级在后面加-er, 最高级加-est deep—deeper—the deepest
strong—stronger—the strongest
以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词， 要把y改成i, 再加-er或-est easy—easier—the easiest
funny—funnier—the funniest
重读闭音节形容词， 双写最后一个辅音字母， 再加-er或-est fat—fatter—the fattest
thin—thinner—the thinnest
词性 基本变化规则 例子
形 容 词 以不发音-e结尾的形容词， 在其后加-r或-st nice—nicer—the nicest
large—larger—the largest
多音节形容词以及少数的非多音节词， 其比较级和最高级在前面加more或the most 注意： 这里说的少数非多音节形容词， 指的是以词缀 -ful, -less, -ing, -ed等结尾的形容词 important—more important—the most important
beautiful—more beautiful—the most beautiful
boring—more boring—the most boring
useless—more useless—the most useless
词性 基本变化规则 例子
形 容 词 少数形容词的比较级和最高级可以有两种形式 clever—cleverer/more clever—the cleverest/the most cleverest
angry—angrier/more angry—the angriest/the most angry
部分形容词以-ly结尾， 其变化为把y改成i, 再加-er或-est friendly—friendlier—the friendliest
lovely—lovelier—the loveliest
词性 基本变化规则 例子
副词 以 “形容词＋ly” 构成的副词， 其比较级和最高级在前面加more或the most slow(adj.)—slowly(adv.)—more slowly—(the) most slowly
happy(adj.)—happily(adv.)—more happily
—(the) most happily
部分副词是其形容词本身， 比较级与最高级的变化与其形容词的变化一样 fast(adj.&adv.)—faster—(the) fastest
注意：
①副词的最高级可省略the, 如(the) most quickly; 形容词的最高级前有修饰成分时， 不能接the
如： my best friend
②有些形容词和副词本身就有比较级和最高级的含义， 并不是所有的形容词和副词都有比较级和最高级
如： favorite最喜欢的　senior高级的　junior下级的　superior上级的
③与比较级more、 最高级the most相对应的词为less和the least
如： interesting—less interesting—the least interesting
shiny—less shiny—the least shiny
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
old older/elder oldest/eldest
far farther/further farthest/furthest
little less least
many/much more most
(　 　)3. —Who do you think will win the race, Bob or Tom 【2022 江西改编】
—It must be Bob. I think he runs______.
A. faster B. fastest C. the fastest
(　 　)4. Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it's ______
than by plane. 【2022 天津改编】
A. interesting B. less interesting C. more interesting
A
C
(　 　)5. —Which is ____， the blue one or the red one
—The blue one.
A. good B. better C. best
B
考点三　形容词、 副词的原级、 比较级、 最高级用法 ★★★
1. 原级的用法
用法 例子
very, quite, rather, too, enough, so等词修饰原级 The library is very quiet. 图书馆很安静。
表示A和B 一样时用 “A… as＋原级＋as B” Kate is as tall as Cindy. 凯特和辛迪一样高。
Tom runs as quickly as Jim. 汤姆和吉姆跑得一样快。
表示A不如B时用 “A… not as/so＋原级＋as B”， 此时， so只能用于否定句中 The movie isn't as/so interesting as that one. 这部电影不像那部那么有趣。
My sister can't play tennis as/so well as me. 我妹妹打网球没有我打得好。
(　 　)6. Dr. Yuan Longping had a dream that he could develop rice as ____ as peanuts(花生)．【2021 黄石改编】
A. large B. largest C. larger
A
2. 比较级的用法
用法 例子
两者之间的比较： 比较级＋than＋被比较的对象 I think English is more interesting than Japanese. 我觉得英语比日语有趣。
可修饰比较级的词： much, a little, a bit, a lot, a little bit, even, far, still, rather等 I'm much taller than Jim. 我比吉姆高多了。
表示 “越来越……”： 比较级＋and＋比较级/more and more＋原级 He is getting stronger and stronger. 他越来越强壮了。
He speaks English more and more fluently. 他的英语讲得越来越流利。
用法 例子
表示 “越……， 越……”： the＋比较级(＋名词), the＋比较级＋(名词) The harder you study, the luckier you will be. 你学习越努力， 就会越幸运。
The more exercise you take, the healthier life you will have. 你运动越多， 你的生活就会越健康。
倍数的表达： A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than B Their school is three times bigger than ours. 他们学校比我们学校面积大三倍。
表示两者中比较突出的一个： the＋比较级＋of the two He is the taller of the two. 他是他们俩中比较高的那个。
注意： that/those 用于被比较对象时， 可用来指代前面提到的名词， 常带有后置定语， 如： The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的 (人口) 多。
(　 　)7. ______you are, ______mistakes you will make in the exam. 【2022 龙东地区】
A. The most carefully; the fewer
B. The more careful; the fewer
C. The less careless; the less
B
(　 　)8. With the development of 5G technology, our daily lives have become____. 【2022 岳阳改编】
A. more and more convenient
B. more and more conveniently
C. more convenient and convenient
(　 　)9. Jogging is ____ than many sports—to start, just get some comfortable sports clothes and good running shoes. 【2021 南京改编】
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest
A
　B
3. 最高级的用法
用法 例子
表示 “三者或三者以上的比较用最高级”：the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较范围 Guangzhou is the largest city in Guangdong.＝Guangzhou is larger than any other city in Guangdong. 广州是广东最大的城市。
表示 “最……之一”： one of the＋最高级＋名词复数 China is one of the oldest countries in the world.中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
表示 “第几最……”： the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词单数 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长的河流。
(　　)10. Protecting ourselves is one of ____ things we must do. 【2021 重庆A卷改编】
A. important B. more important C. the most important
(　　)11. Among the four seas off the coast of China, East China Sea is the second ____.
A. deep B. deeper C. deepest
C
C
考点四　以-ing或-ed结尾的形容词的用法 ★
类别 用法 例子
以-ing结尾的形容词 (interesting, exciting, surprising等)常用于说明事物， 表示事物的性质、 特征等。若用来说明人， 则表示此人具有此性质或特征 It is an interesting book for children. 那是一本有趣的儿童读物。
He is interesting. 他真有趣。(指他的言行有趣。)
类别 用法 例子
以-ed结尾的形容词 (interested, excited, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人， 表示人的感受、 想法等。即使它们所修饰的名词是事物， 也只是指与该事物相关的人 You can imagine how surprised I was. 你可以想象我是多么惊讶。
Jack has a tired look. 杰克面露倦意。(指带有这表情的人很疲惫。)
(　 　)12. The ____ news made him ____. He didn't fall asleep until midnight. 【2021 营口改编】
A. excited; excited
B. exciting; exciting
C. exciting; excited
C
1. 形容词、 副词与语法选择
(1) 判断该空前后有没有明显的比较级标志词， 如than, much等。
You will have a 34 understanding of kites than before. 【2020 广东】
( )34. A. good B. better
C. best D. the best
解析： 根据空格后的 “than” 可知此处存在比较， 故用形容词比较级， 故选B。
B
(2) 判断该空格原句是否明示或暗示包含3个或3个以上比较对象的比较范围， 如in the world等。
It's 31 hanging bridge for walkers in the world. 【2021 广东】
( )31. A. longer B. the longer
C. longest D. the longest
解析： 根据空格后的 “in the world” 可知， 此处存在包含3个以上比较对象的比较范围， 故用形容词最高级， 故选D。
D
(3) 分析句子结构， 判断该空格是否修饰动词、 形容词、 副词或整个句子。
Wang Yiyi passed the test 35 and became a student of that school. 【2022 广东】
( )35. A. success B. successful C. successfully
解析： 分析句子结构可知， 该空修饰动词 “passed”， 应用副词， 故选C。
C
2. 形容词、 副词与短文填空
(1)分析句子结构， 判断空格词性。 形容词主要作表语 (be动词及感官动词后)、 定语 (名词前， 不定代词后)、 宾语补足语 (宾语之后， 常与make, leave, keep, think等动词连用); 而副词则常作状语， 修饰动词、 形容词， 甚至整个句子。
(2)联系上下文语境， 看该句是否存在固定搭配。
Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the most popular two choices. People like it because it is 68 for their health. 【2022 广东】
解析： 分析句子结构可知， 空格处位于be 动词后， 作表语， 故用形容词。 根据上下文语境可知， 此处表示 “人们喜欢它 (茶), 因为它对他们的健康有益”， 可联想到短语 “be good for (对……有益)”， 故填good。
good
(3)若空格后为形容词或副词原级， 观察空格前后是否使用了比较级或最高级的标志词， 如than、 in＋比较范围等， 若有， 判断该空缺失成分， 选择对应的词构成形容词或副词的比较级、 最高级。
As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting 74 important than before. 【2022 广东】
解析： 根据下文 “than” 可知， 此处需用比较级。 根据句意可知， 此处表示 “随着喝茶人群的壮大， 茶业变得比之前更重要了”。 important为多音节词， 故用more构成比较级。
more
(4) 通读全文， 根据上下文所给提示判断空格缺失的含义， 选用符合语法及语义的词。
Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5，000 years
70 . 【2022 广东】
解析： 根据上文“as early as” 可推测下文应表示“5 000年前”， 故填ago。
ago
(　 　)1. Wang Yiyi passed the test successfully and became a student of that school. She worked very____. 【2022 广东改编】
A. hard B. harder C. the hardest
(　 　)2. When I took my hand out of the water, I noticed that the water was a lot ____ than I thought. 【2022 广州改编】
A. dirty B. dirtier C. dirtiest
A
B
(　 　)3. The specials in the restaurant taste____and sell____. Many customers come here on weekends. 【2022 绥化】
A. well; good B. good; good C. good; well
(　 　)4. —What is____ river in China
—The Yangtze River. It's about 6，300 kilometers long. 【2022 广元改编】
A. long B. longer C. the longest
C
C
(　 　)5. Amy did very well in her report. She is ______ to pay attention to every detail(细节). 【2022 宿迁改编】
A. enough careful B. careful enough C. careless enough
B
一、 语法选择
How do you feel about nature After spending hours indoors, do you feel 1 when you visit your local park Most people think that nature is 2 for our bodies and brains. However, human beings are spending more time inside and 3 time outside.
(　 　)1. A. better B. best C. the best
(　 　)2. A. the better B. good C. well
(　 　)3. A. little B. least C. less
A
B
C
(　 　)4. A. small B. smaller C. the smallest
(　 　)5. A. larger B. large C. largest
(　 　)6. A. seriously B. more serious C. most seriously
B
A
A
For example, the number of visitors to Canada's national parks is getting 4 every year. And the US has a 5 percentage of teenagers who hardly ever spend time outside than any other country. Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty-first century, which should be taken 6 .
As a result, some doctors are studying the connection between nature and health: One example of this is the work of Dr. Matilda in Sweden. The doctor gave people a math test. During the test, their heart rates(心率) were fast. After the test, one group of people sat in a 3D-virtual-reality(虚拟现实) room for fifteen minutes with pictures and sounds of nature. Their heart rates were 7 than people's in the other group.
(　 　)7. A. slow B. slower C. more slowly
B
The virtual touch with nature helped them feel 8 . In Dubai, for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with the city's 9 sky garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water. In Switzerland, “forest schools” are becoming 10 . Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside. So after building cities for so long, perhaps it's now time to start rebuilding nature.
(　 　)8. A. most relaxing B. most relaxed C. more relaxed
(　 　)9. A. bigger B. biggest C. big
(　 　)10. A. more and more popular
B. more popular and more
C. most and most popular
C
B
A
二、 短文填空
It was a winter evening. An old man had been standing by the river for hours. He was getting colder and 1 while he was waiting for a ride across the river. The wait seemed endless. He watched as several horsemen came around the corner.
colder
He let the first one pass by without trying to get his attention. Then another passed by, and another. 2 ， the last rider came near. As this one came 3 ， the old man asked if he could give him a ride to the other side. The rider 4 . The horseman took the old man not just across the river, but to his home, which was a few miles away.
Finally
nearer
agreed
During the ride, the horseman asked the old man why he let 5
riders pass by without trying to ask for a ride but stopped him at once when he came up.
The old man replied, “I know people pretty 6 . I looked into the eyes of the other riders and saw that they didn't care 7 me. So I thought it was useless to ask them 8 a ride. But when I looked into your eyes, your kindness was clear. I knew that you would help me.”
other
well
about
for
These heartwarming words made the horseman so touched. He was 9 for what the old man said.
“I hope I never get 10 busy to help others.” With that, Thomas Jefferson turned his horse around and made his way back to the White House.
thankful
too