中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 3 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
—般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去发生的动作,但它们是截然不同的两种时态,其区别主要体现在以下几个方面:
1.构成不同
一般过去时由“主语＋动词的过夫式”构成。
现在完成时由“主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词”构成。
e. g. She came back yesterday.她是昨天回来的。
She has already come back.她已经回来了。
2.侧重点不同
—般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态，说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对“现在”产生的影响。现在完成时表示的动作或状念与现在的情况有联系，侧重这一动作对现在所造成的影响。
e.g. Who has opened the door 谁打开的门 (门现在还开着)
Who opened the door 谁打开过门 (现在门是开着还是关着未加说明)
He has gone to America.他去了美国。(他现在不在此地，到美国去了）
He went to America two weeks ago.他两周前去的美国。(他是两周前去的美国,现在是否已经回来,无从得知)
【注意】一般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作,现在完成时含义为该动作仍在继特,一般过去时则说明该动作现早已终止。
试比较:
My uncle has lived in London for four years,我叔叔在伦敦住了四年了。(现在仍住在那儿)
My uncle lived in London for four years我叔叔在伦敦住过四年。(现在不住在那儿了)
3.时间状语不同
一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week....ago, in 1980 , just now 导。而现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用,如so far, ever, never, just , yet, already, before,until/till now, in the past few years , for... , since...等。
e. g. Did you visit the Science Museum last week 你上周参观科学博物馆了吗
Have you ever visited the Science Museum 你曾经参观过科学博物馆吗
His father became a doctor in 2001.他的父亲2001年当的医
His father has been a doctor since 2001.他的父亲从2001年以来一直当医生。
练习
一．用所给动词的正确时态完成句子。
1.Last year l _________ (go)to the theatre every week.
2.I _________ never _________ ( speak) to a foreigner before. What about you,Li Lei
3.Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _________ ( meet) in Asia last year.
4.Steven drove for a few minutes and then _________ ( stop) in front of a fast food restaurant.
5. He _________ (come)back home;he _________ ( watch)TV now.
6.—-you_____(be)to the United States
一Not yet. But I _________ (go)to Canada a few years ago.
7.I _________ (get)to know my friend Jim ten years ago.
We _________ ( be)friends since then.
8.Great changes _________ ( take) place in my school in the past few years._________ (come)and see it with your own eyes.
9.—Jenny,I _________ (be)at the airport for half an hour, but nobody come to meet me.
—Don't worry.I _________ (go)to meet you soon.
10.—Are you sure you _________ (lose)the book
—Yes,l _________ ( look ) for it everywhere, but I still can't
find it.
二．下列每句各有一处错误,请找出并在后面的横线上改正。
1.I don't think he's ever been to the Monkey Island, isn't he
2.I have heard of Hong Kong a lot. but I've never been to there.
3.Bill has left Russia for two years.
4.The traveler has come here for a week.
5.How soon have you been at this school
6. No one except his parents have gone out for shopping.
7.Since then there is great changes in our country.
8.We haven't seen Mr Smith for last month.
9.Oh,Jim. How nice to meet you! I haven't seen you since a longtime.
10.1 bought the pen a month ago, and I have bought it for a month already.
I.1. went 2.have;spoken 3. met 4.stopped5.has come;is watching 6. Have; been; went
7.got; have been 8.have taken;Come 9.have been; will go10.have lost; have looked
l. 1.isn't→has 2.去掉to 3.left→been away e →been 5.How soon→How long 6.have >has7. is-→have been 8. for →since 9.since→for
10.第二个 bought→had
写与在线旅游有关的文章
写作分析
本单元的写作内容是写-篇有关在线旅游的文章。写该文时，可以参照课文的Reading、Integrated skills与Task,写某人的在线旅游情况我们应该把知名的旅游景点以及自己的感受写得个性鲜明，能很明确地表达出自己的在线旅游与众不同，具有鲜明的特色，这样就给看你文章的人们留下良好而深刻的印象。
在写此类文章时，时态应以一.般现在时为主。在写这类文章之前，应充分了解自己要介绍的地方。我们可以通过报纸、杂志旅行手册、互联网、图书馆等渠道对自已要介绍的地方进行了解。旅游指南的内容一般包括以下几个方面:
某地的历史及现状;
某地的名胜及其特点;
交通、天气及有关注意事项。
如何写好这类文章，主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式:
※常用词汇
receive收到,接到; guide 导游,向导; world-famous世界著名的,举世闻名;trade贸易; southern南方的,南部; island岛屿; relax放松,休息;bottom底,底部;pick挑选;mind介意;print打印,印刷;book预订,订(房间车票等);look like看起来像;search for;搜寻,at the top of... ..页端(部);click on点击;thousands of成千上万的，几千;in the centre of在....中心;be famous for.. 因.....而著名;hear of听说;dream of/about doing sth梦想/想象做某事;with pleasure不客气，很乐意效劳。
※常用句型句式
It is a/an..country.它是一....国家。
......the capital city, is big and modern/beautiful. ......首都城市，既大又现代化/美丽的。
※常用开头结尾句
There re/is..on./in... .......在......有......
It has always been famous for.. 它一贯以......而著名。
The best time to visit......is..... 参观......的最佳时间是......
The weather often/ seldom changes...天气常常/很少变化....
经典试题
根据下列中文提示，写一篇短文。
Daniel曾经梦想不带护照周游世界。现在他通过网上旅游实现了梦想。他能在几个小时内周游世界。华尔街是世界著名的贸易中心;中央公园是辛苦工作一天后放松的好地方;悉尼在澳大利亚东南海岸，是澳大利亚最大的城市;伦敦是一个大而现代化的城市，是英国的首都。在大英博物馆，我们能了解到很多世界文化。网上旅游真便捷有趣啊。
写作要求:
1.文章条理清楚，语句连贯;须包含以上要点,可适当发挥，但不要逐字翻译;
2.词数:90左右;
3.不得出现真实的校名和人名。
Daniel's tavelling online
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思路点拨
第一段：
无需护照，只要有电脑与网络，即可周游世界。
第二段：
列举在线旅游所经过的名胜。
第三段：
在线旅游的感受。
答案
Daniel's travelling online
Daniel has ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport. Now he can realize his dream by taking an online tour. He can travel around the world in several hours.
Wall Street is the world famous trade centre. Central Park is a good place to relax after a hard day's work. Sydney is on the south-east coast of Australia. It's the biggest city in Australia. London, the capital city, is big and modern. We can learn a lot about the world' s culture in the British Museum.
How easy and interesting it is to travel online!
书面表达
八年级三班的学生举行了一个班会，主题是“Should students chat on QQ ”请你根据下面的表格,写一个班会记录。
要求:1.内容充实，覆盖要点:
2. 70词左右，不包括所给的开头。
支持 不支持
人数 30 15
理由 交更多的朋友 要多花时间和家人、朋友在一起
联系容易 很难信任网络上的朋友
让生活更有趣 浪费时间
Should students chat on QQ
In today's class meeting, we talked about if it is good for students to chat on QQ.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
Should students chat on QQ
In today's class meeting, we talked about if it is good for students to chat on QQ.
30 of us think students should chat on QQ They say QQ helps us make more friends. It's easy for friends to contact with each other on QQ. They all say QQ makes our life more colour-full. And 15 of us think we shouldn't chat on QQ. They say we should spend more time with our family members and friends.
They also say we shouldn't believe in online friends. So they think that chatting online is a waste of time.
书面表达。
无我们的日常生活(daily life)中,互联网起着越来越重要的作用。
请根据下面的表格提示，以“On the Internet"为题,写篇80词左右的短文。
互联网的主要用途
信息 看国内外新闻，获取其他信息
通讯 发电子邮件,打电话
学习 上网络学校,阅览各种书籍，自学外语
娱乐 欣赏音乐，观看体育比赛，玩棋牌游戏
生活 购物聊天、交友
On the Internet
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
On the Internet
The Internet is very important in our daily life On the Internet,we can learn news both at home and abroad. And we can also learn all kinds of information. We can send e mails to our friends by Internet. We can even make phone calls,go to net school, read many books and learn foreign languages by oneself. If we are free, we can enjoy music, watch sports and play chess and cards on the Internet. We can do shopping,have a chat with others and make friends with them.
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Unit 3 语法复习
译林版八年级下册
1.从构成不同，侧重点不同，时间状语不同三方面复习一般过去式和现在完成时的区别。
2.复习写与在线旅游有关的文章
复习目标
—般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去发生的动作,但它们是截然不同的两种时态,其区别主要体现在以下几个方面:
1.构成不同
一般过去时由“主语＋动词的过夫式”构成。
现在完成时由“主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词”构成。
e. g. She came back yesterday.她是昨天回来的。
She has already come back.她已经回来了。
2.侧重点不同
—般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态，说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对“现在”产生的影响。现在完成时表示的动作或状念与现在的情况有联系，侧重这一动作对现在所造成的影响。
e.g. Who has opened the door 谁打开的门 (门现在还开着)
Who opened the door 谁打开过门 (现在门是开着还是关着未加说明)
He has gone to America.他去了美国。(他现在不在此地，到美国去了）
He went to America two weeks ago.他两周前去的美国。(他是两周前去的美国,现在是否已经回来,无从得知)
【注意】
一般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作,现在完成时含义为该动作仍在继特,一般过去时则说明该动作现早已终止。
试比较:
My uncle has lived in London for four years,我叔叔在伦敦住了四年了。
(现在仍住在那儿)
My uncle lived in London for four years我叔叔在伦敦住过四年。
(现在不住在那儿了)
3.时间状语不同
一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week....ago, in 1980 , just now 导。而现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用,如so far, ever, never, just , yet, already, before,until/till now, in the past few years , for... , since...等。
e. g. Did you visit the Science Museum last week 你上周参观科学博物馆了吗
Have you ever visited the Science Museum 你曾经参观过科学博物馆吗
His father became a doctor in 2001.他的父亲2001年当的医
His father has been a doctor since 2001.他的父亲从2001年以来一直当医生。
用所给动词的正确时态完成句子。
1.Last year l _________ (go)to the theatre every week.
2.I _________ never _________ ( speak) to a foreigner before. What about you,Li Lei
3.Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _________ ( meet) in Asia last year.
4.Steven drove for a few minutes and then _________ ( stop) in front of a fast food restaurant.
5. He _________ (come)back home;he _________ ( watch)TV now.
went
have spoken
met
stopped
has come is watching
6.—_____ you _____ (be)to the United States
—Not yet. But I _________ (go)to Canada a few years ago.
7.I _________ (get)to know my friend Jim ten years ago.We _________ ( be)friends since then.
8.Great changes _________ ( take) place in my school in the past few years._________ (come)and see it with your own eyes.
9.—Jenny,I _________ (be)at the airport for half an hour, but nobody come to meet me.
—Don't worry.I _________ (go)to meet you soon.
10.—Are you sure you _________ (lose)the book
—Yes,l _________ ( look ) for it everywhere, but I still can't find it.
Have been
went
got have been
have taken Come
have been
will go
have lost
have looked
下列每句各有一处错误,请找出并在后面的横线上改正。
1.I don't think he's ever been to the Monkey Island, isn't he
2.I have heard of Hong Kong a lot. but I've never been to there.
3.Bill has left Russia for two years.
4.The traveler has come here for a week.
5.How soon have you been at this school
isn't→has
去掉to
left→been away from
come →been
How soon→How long
6. No one except his parents have gone out for shopping.
7.Since then there is great changes in our country.
8.We haven't seen Mr Smith for last month.
9.Oh,Jim. How nice to meet you! I haven't seen you since a longtime.
10.1 bought the pen a month ago, and I have bought it for a month already.
have →has
is→have been
for →since
since→for
第二个 bought→had
写与在线旅游有关的文章
写作分析
本单元的写作内容是写-篇有关在线旅游的文章。写该文时，可以参照课文的Reading、Integrated skills与Task,写某人的在线旅游情况我们应该把知名的旅游景点以及自己的感受写得个性鲜明，能很明确地表达出自己的在线旅游与众不同，具有鲜明的特色，这样就给看你文章的人们留下良好而深刻的印象。
在写此类文章时，时态应以一.般现在时为主。在写这类文章之前，应充分了解自己要介绍的地方。我们可以通过报纸、杂志旅行手册、互联网、图书馆等渠道对自已要介绍的地方进行了解。旅游指南的内容一般包括以下几个方面:
1.某地的历史及现状; 2.某地的名胜及其特点; 3.交通、天气及有关注意事项。
如何写好这类文章，主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式:
※常用词汇
receive收到,接到; guide 导游,向导; word-fmous世界著名的,举世闻名;trade贸易; southern南方的,南部; island岛屿; relax放松,休息;bottom底,底部;pick挑选;mind介意;print打印,印刷;book预订,订(房间车票等);look like看起来像;search lor;搜寻,at the top of... ..页端(部);click on点击;thousands of成千上万的，几千;in the centre of在....中心;be famous for.. 因.....而著名;hear of听说;dream of/about doing sth梦想/想象做某事;with pleasure不客气，很乐意效劳。
※常用句型句式
It is a/an..country.它是一....国家。
......the capital city, is big and modern/beautiful. ......首都城市，既大又现代化/美丽的。
※常用开头结尾句
There re/is..on./in... .......在......有......
It has always been famous for.. 它一贯以......而著名。
The best time to visit......is..... 参观......的最佳时间是......
The weather often/ seldom changes...天气常常/很少变化....
经典试题
根据下列中文提示，写一篇短文。
Daniel曾经梦想不带护照周游世界。现在他通过网上旅游实现了梦想。他能在几个小时内周游世界。华尔街是世界著名的贸易中心;中央公园是辛苦工作一天后放松的好地方;悉尼在澳大利亚东南海岸，是澳大利亚最大的城市;伦敦是一个大而现代化的城市，是英国的首都。在大英博物馆，我们能了解到很多世界文化。网上旅游真便捷有趣啊。
写作要求:
1.文章条理清楚，语句连贯;须包含以上要点,可适当发挥，但不要逐字翻译;
2.词数:90左右;
3.不得出现真实的校名和人名。
Daniel's tavelling online
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
思路点拨
第一段：
无需护照，只要有电脑与网络，即可周游世界。
第二段：
列举在线旅游所经过的名胜。
第三段：
在线旅游的感受。
Daniel's travelling online
Daniel has ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport. Now he can realize his dream by taking an online tour. He can travel around the world in several hours.
Wall Street is the world famous trade centre. Central Park is a good place to relax after a hard day's work. Sydney is on the south-east coast of Australia. It's the biggest city in Austalia. London, the capital city, is big and modern. We can learn a lot about the world' s culture in the British Museum.
How easy and interesting it is to travel online!
书面表达
八年级三班的学生举行了一个班会，主题是“Should students chat on QQ ”请你根据下面的表格,写一个班会记录。
要求:1.内容充实，覆盖要点:
2. 70词左右，不包括所给的开头。
支持 不支持
人数 30 15
理由 交更多的朋友 要多花时间和家人、朋友在一起
联系容易 很难信任网络上的朋友
让生活更有趣 浪费时间
Should students chat on QQ
In today's class meeting, we talked about if it is good for students to chat on QQ.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Should students chat on QQ
In today's class meeting, we talked about if it is good for students to chat on QQ.
30 of us think students should chat on QQ They say QQ helps us make more friends. It's easy for friends to contact with each other on QQ. They all say QQ makes our life more colour-ful. And 15 of us think we shouldn't chat on QQ. They say we should spend more time with our family members and friends.
They also say we shouldn't believe in online friends. So they think that chatting online is a waste of time.
书面表达。
无我们的日常生活(daily life)中,互联网起着越来越重要的作用。
请根据下面的表格提示，以“On the Internet"为题,写篇80词左右的短文。
互联网的主要用途
信息 看国内外新闻，获取其他信息
通讯 发电子邮件,打电话
学习 上网络学校,阅览各种书籍，自学外语
娱乐 欣赏音乐，观看体育比赛，玩棋牌游戏
生活 购物聊天、交友
On the Internet
The Internet is very important in our daily life On the Internet,we can learn news both at home and abroad. And we can also learn all kinds of information. We can send e mails to our friends by Internet. We can even make phone calls,go to net school, read many books and learn foreign languages by oneself. If we are free, we can enjoy music, watch sports and play chess and cards on the Internet. We can do shopping,have a chat with others and make friends with them.
谢谢
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