2023年高考英语真题试卷（新高考I卷）
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．?15.75. B．?19.50. C．?22.75. D．?29.50.
3．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer, Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.
5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.
6．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
7．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
8．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.
B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.
D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
9．What does the underlined word "declutter" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
10．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
11．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
13．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if
________.
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
14．What did the follow-up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
15．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A．Unclear.
B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful.
D．Approving.
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 16． You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading "Personal strengths." 17． Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading "Acts of kindness." On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18．
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19．
That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. 20． We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 21． the course earlier than she did. Her 22． came because she was carrying a 23． across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 24． when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 25． to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 26． . She couldn't. Bailey then 27． to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 28． attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 29． and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 30． to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more 31． about why her act is considered a big 32． . "She was just crying. I couldn't 33． her," Bailey told the reporter. "I feel like I was just doing the right thing."
Although the two young women were strangers before the 34． , they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 35． of human kindness won the day.
21．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
22．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
23．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
24．A．race B．school C．town D．training
25．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
26．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
27．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
28．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal
29．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
30．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
31．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
32．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
33．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
34．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show
35．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36． (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 37． (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)， 38． to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 39． (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 40． hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 41． (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42． (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 43． touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44． (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 45． (want) more next time.
五、写作（共两节，满分40分）
46．（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan, I'm Li Hua from Class 3. …… Yours sincerely, Li Hua
47．（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest, I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply: "Because I love your stories. If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this." Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse's mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny, and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere's horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud and said, "Great. Now, write it again." I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn't win, I wouldn't care.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
……
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．C
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；旅游观光类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了到阿姆斯特丹旅行时的租车服务以及导游服务。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案。
1．细节理解题。根据标题Why MacBike下的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes我们提供各种各样的最新自行车，包括带脚刹车的基本自行车，带手刹车和齿轮的自行车，带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车”，可知MacBike为客户提供多种类型自行车以供选择，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据表格第二列Hand Brake, Three Gears下的信息可知，租两天带手刹和3档自行车的费用是14.75+8.00=22.75，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据标题Guided City Tours下的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day每天下午1点开始，每小时整点从大坝广场出发”，可知出发地是Dam Square，故选D。
【答案】4．C
5．D
6．B
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了约翰利用大自然的自我修复能力，设计实验、验证试验、付诸实施的过程。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
4．段落大意题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems观察大自然如何解决问题”和“John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making约翰开始怀疑这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱”以及第二段中的“asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals 问问题。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌 哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质 ”，可知约翰喜欢提问，故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it生态机器里的动植物把污泥当作食物，开始吃起来”，可知约翰给容器里放入污泥的目的是为了对生态机器进行测试，故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作”，可知该段提到福州是为了证明约翰的想法在实践中起到了很大的作用，故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中约翰的原话“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式”，可知约翰的工作的基础是大自然的自我修复能力，故选A。
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．C
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一本旨在帮助读者远离不必要的网上活动的书。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推理判断题和词义猜测题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism …… and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you 这本书的目的是为数字极简主义提供案例，……然后教你如何采用这种哲学，如果你认为它适合你的话”，可知这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式，故选B。
9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动”，可知作者建议的方法是30天内远离可选的在线活动，即“清除clear up”在线活动。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的你应该避免的陷阱”，可知在第一部分的最后章节里作者呈现了很多的实例，故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances你可以把这些做法看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努力建立一个适合你特殊情况的极简主义生活方式”，可知作者建议读者把文中的实践付诸于自己的实际生活，故选A。
【答案】12．B
13．D
14．C
15．D
【知识点】细节理解题；观点态度题；段落大意；说明文；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国统计学家在1907年3月7日出版的一本关于"群体智慧"效应的书，并对这一理论进行了介绍。
【点评】考查阅读理解。推断题、观点态度题和主旨题从题型上看属于有难度的题型，推断题和观点态度题需要考生根据关键词，推断出所需要的信息；主旨题，则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
12．段落大意题。根据第二段中的"This effect capitalizes on the fact……这种效应利用了事实……"、"Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate有些人倾向于高估，有些人倾向于低估"和"hen enough of these errors are averaged together然后把足够多的误差平均起来"以及"If people are similar and tend to make the same errors如果人们是相似的，容易犯同样的错误"，可知该段落主要是探讨了一些假设和推断，结合选项，可知即是这种效果的潜在逻辑，故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据"The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许进行讨论时，这些群体的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确"，可知即使估计值不是完全独立的，平均精度也会提高，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion在对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么"，可知后续研究的焦点是讨论的过程，故选C。
15．观点态度题。根据文章最后一句话"Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous虽然纳瓦哈人领导的研究有局限性，还有许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的"，可知作者对 Navaja 的研究是持支持态度的，故选D。
【答案】16．D；17．B；18．F；19．C；20．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种自我原谅的方法。
A. 一点点的自我原谅也会有很长的路要走。
B. 现在列出所有你喜欢自己的特点。
C. 他们甚至可能想尝试一下做这个练习。
D. 宽恕自己也同样重要。
E. 这并不意味着你必须忽略发生的事情或忘记它。
F. 不管它是什么，不管它看起来有多小，把它写下来。
G. 不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符合来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出其他选项表达完全同意思的句子，这样的话就可以直接将该选项排除。
16．空格后的句子"You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点"中的this指代的内容与选项D相符合，且该选项与空格前句句意连贯，即"人都会犯错。原谅自己很重要"，故选D。
17．根据空格前的"Personal strengths个人优点"和空格后句中" just aspects of your personality that you're proud of只是你个性中让你引以为傲的方面"，可知空格处应是与个人表现好的方面有关，结合选项，可知选项B中的the characteristics you like about yourself与该段意思契合，使上下文通顺、连贯，故选B。
18．根据该段的关键词"Acts of kindness善举"，结合选项与空格前的"帮朋友完成作业、熨衣服、烤饼干"，可知选项F"不管它是什么，不管它看起来有多小，把它写下来"与上文衔接紧密，故选F。
19．选项C中的they指代空格前句中的a friend or family member，并且空格后的"That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through这样，你们就可以交换想法，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪耀的方面"与选项C意思连贯，故选C。
20．空格后句" We're all changing and learning all the time我们一直都在变化和学习"，与选项G中的"isn't a fixed aspect不是一个固定的方面"相匹配，故选G。
【答案】21．D；22．A；23．D；24．A；25．C；26．B；27．D；28．A；29．B；30．B；31．C；32．D；33．A；34．C；35．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在一次越野赛中，贝利为了帮助受伤的Lenoue，而放弃早点结束比赛的故事，告诉人们：虽然他们在比赛中失败了，但是他们所表现出的善良为她们赢得了比赛。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
21．句意：梅勒妮·贝利应该比 更早完成进程。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。上句提到，贝利参加了越野赛跑，结合选项，此处应是她本应该更早地完成比赛的，故选D。
22．句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延迟；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上句中的谓语动词should have finished，可知贝利没能早些完成比赛，所以此处应是她延迟完成了比赛，故选A。
23．句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor竞争者。根据上句中的谓语动词should have finished，可知贝利没能早些完成比赛，根据下文可知，未能早些完成比赛是因为她背着另一个参赛者到达终点，故选D。
24．句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当贝利跑到三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据上文，贝利参加越野赛race，故选A。
25．句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned返回；C. stopped停止；D. promised承诺。根据下文，贝利背着因剧痛无法完成比赛的Danielle Lenoue到达终点，所以此处是她停下来帮助Danielle Lenoue，故选C。
26．句意：Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据空格前的took her arm，可知贝利试图给予Danielle Lenoue帮助，帮她完成比赛，故选B。
27．句意：然后贝利弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一路抱着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到勒诺接受治疗的地方。A. went away走开；B. stood up站起；C. stepped aside走一边；D. bent down弯腰。根据空格后的let Lenoue climb onto her back，可知贝利需要弯下腰，故选D。
28．句意：然后贝利弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一路抱着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到勒诺接受治疗的地方。A. medical医学的；B. public公共的；C. constant持续的；D. equal平等的。根据第9空格后的and later taken to a hospital，可知贝利帮助Danielle Lenoue获得了医学护理，故选A。
29．句意：勒诺在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified确认；D. appreciated感激。根据空格后的later taken to a hospital，可知医生在Danielle Lenoue被送去医院前，应是对她的伤势进行了评估，故选B。
30．句意：如果没有贝利的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲倦。根据句意，结合下文提到的"She was just crying"，可知如果没有贝利的帮助，Lenoue需要忍受巨大的痛苦才能完成比赛，故选B。
31．句意：至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed羞耻的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据第13空后的"I feel like I was just doing the right thing我觉得我做的是对的"，可知贝利认为这没什么大不了的，而且她对于别人认为这是一件了不起的事的想法感到困惑不解，故选C。
32．句意：至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game比赛；B. problem问题；C. lesson教训；D. deal交易。a big deal是固定短语，意"了不起的事"，故选D。
33．句意：我不能留下她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。贝利表示，Lenoue一直在哭，她不能置之不理，故选A。
34．句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在见面之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。两人都没有赢得比赛，但人类的善良赢得了胜利。A. ride骑；B. test测试；C. meet见面；D. show展示。 根据上下文，可知贝利和Lenoue是第一次见面，所以在这次见面前她们是陌生人，故选C。
35．句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在见面之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。两人都没有赢得比赛，但人类的善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit益处；D. exchange交换。通过贝利与Lenoue的故事，他们所展示出的善良举止赢得了人们的关注，故选B。
【答案】36．tasty；37．to bite；38．or；39．recognized；40．by；41．to be lifted；42．their；43．a；44．rarely；45．wanting
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小笼包这一传统美食。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及名词、定语从句、非谓语动词、副词、冠词、形容词、介词、被动语态等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。根据空格后的名词soup，结合"形容词+名词"结构，可知空格处需要填入形容词修饰名词soup，故填tasty。
37．句意：要吃小笼包，你必须决定是先在上面咬一个小洞，冒着流出汁水的风险，还是把整个饺子放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上炸开。与第3空后的to put……构成选择选项，所以形式应保持一致，故填to bite。
38．句意：要吃小笼包，你必须决定是先在上面咬一个小洞，冒着流出汁水的风险，还是把整个饺子放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上炸开。与第2空格前的whether构成搭配，意"无论是……还是……"，属选择关系，故填or。
39．句意：上海可能是公认的汤包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。根据常考结构"冠词+（定语）+名词"，可知空格处需作定语，结合所给动词，可知recognized可作定语，意"公认的"，故填recognized。
40．句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多的是饺子，更少的是汤，饺子皮是用手压的，而不是卷起来的。与空格后的rolled（意"擀的"）意思相反，此处作"手工制作"（by hand），故填by hand。
41．句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包都有很好的表皮，可以让它们从蒸笼里拿出来，而不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。根据固定短语allow sb to do sth，可知空格处应天动词不定式；根据空格前的代词them与空格处的不定式之间的被的关系（意"小笼包从笼屉中被拿出来"），可知空格处应使用不定式的被动形式，故填to be lifted。
42．句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包都有很好的表皮，可以让它们从蒸笼里拿出来，而不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。根据空格后的名词contents，可知空格处应使用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词，故填their。
43．句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。空格后的名词touch是可数名词，所以空格处应是修饰、限定该名词的成分，结合句意，此处表示泛指，意"一种……的味道"，故填a。
44．句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够用，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。空格前后的系动词is和形容词enough构成完整的系表结构，所以空格处应使用副词修饰形容词，故填rarely。
45．句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够用，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。非谓语动词短语 10 (want) more next time作主语补足语，说明主语的状态，与主语I构成主动的关系，所以应使用V-ing形式，故填wanting。
46．【答案】Dear Ryan,
I'm Li Hua from Class 3. I think it's not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hold up the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文建议信，格式为：一般开头应该先是DearMr/Miss，然后就是正文，说明具体问题，然后提出建议，感谢并写上署名。要求考生以校李华 的身份写一封邮件给外教Ryan提建议。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文。写这篇文章时，要注意文中给出的细节都要包括，不要遗漏。这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。本文的人称是第一、三人称；时态是一般现在时；文章可以分为共分三段：
第一段：开头：写信的目的（将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题）；
第二段：正文：说明问题（可能每组能力不均阻碍进步；可能每组同学间感情不太融洽）；
第三段：结尾：我的建议（可以按口语能力和学生自愿来分组），然后表示感谢。
【点评】书面表达要求要点齐全，上下文连贯，并使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时能够运用一些高级词汇pair up，hold up the progress of students，less motivated， 和固定短语The reasons are as follows，have difficulty communicating with，group students based on their language abilities提高文章的档次，体现对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。
47．【答案】 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. "I knew you'd win! I am proud of you. You made it!" he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, "It's you who make me fell in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn't have written this article. Again thank you very much!"
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said "Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing. "You know I didn't like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works." I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读可知，文章主要讲述了虽然作者英语不好，但是老师出于对作者的创造力的赞赏，迫使作者参加了写作比赛。在准备比赛的过程中，作者发挥自己的优势，在姐姐和老师的帮助下，在自己的反复努力下，终于完成并上交了写作内容的故事。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息"可知，第一段描写作者获奖的消息传来，作者的高兴、感激之情；②由第二段首句内容"颁奖典礼后，我去了老师的办公室"可知，第二段可描写作者收到老师的鼓励，并从这次活动中发现自己的优点，并表达自己对老师的感激之情。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型是文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇书面需要表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。可参考使用的句型有：Recalling the past struggling days, I deeply sensed that it was my teacher's encouragement, my family's support,and my wholehearted commitment that made it all worthwhile.运用了非谓语动词作状语和强调句型；not only did I have a good command of writing，but I also knew the truth——fear never builds the future, but hope does运用了部分倒装结构；Tears welling in my eyes, I was grateful to him for his inspiration and encouragement运用了独立主格结构；When asked about how I felt, I really had a wonderful sense of fulfillment and got a taste for writing运用了状语从句的省略结构。
1 / 12023年高考英语真题试卷（新高考I卷）
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
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1．What is an advantage of MacBike
A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes.
C．It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A．?15.75. B．?19.50. C．?22.75. D．?29.50.
3．Where does the guided city tour start
A．The Gooyer, Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.
【答案】1．B
2．C
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；旅游观光类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了到阿姆斯特丹旅行时的租车服务以及导游服务。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案。
1．细节理解题。根据标题Why MacBike下的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes我们提供各种各样的最新自行车，包括带脚刹车的基本自行车，带手刹车和齿轮的自行车，带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车”，可知MacBike为客户提供多种类型自行车以供选择，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据表格第二列Hand Brake, Three Gears下的信息可知，租两天带手刹和3档自行车的费用是14.75+8.00=22.75，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据标题Guided City Tours下的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day每天下午1点开始，每小时整点从大坝广场出发”，可知出发地是Dam Square，故选D。
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.
C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.
5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.
C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.
6．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans.
B．To show an application of John's idea.
C．To compare John's different jobs.
D．To erase doubts about John's invention.
7．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water to survive.
C．Life on Earth is diverse.
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】4．C
5．D
6．B
7．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了约翰利用大自然的自我修复能力，设计实验、验证试验、付诸实施的过程。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
4．段落大意题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems观察大自然如何解决问题”和“John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making约翰开始怀疑这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱”以及第二段中的“asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals 问问题。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌 哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质 ”，可知约翰喜欢提问，故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it生态机器里的动植物把污泥当作食物，开始吃起来”，可知约翰给容器里放入污泥的目的是为了对生态机器进行测试，故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作”，可知该段提到福州是为了证明约翰的想法在实践中起到了很大的作用，故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中约翰的原话“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式”，可知约翰的工作的基础是大自然的自我修复能力，故选A。
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
8．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.
B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.
D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
9．What does the underlined word "declutter" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
10．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
11．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．C
11．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一本旨在帮助读者远离不必要的网上活动的书。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推理判断题和词义猜测题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism …… and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you 这本书的目的是为数字极简主义提供案例，……然后教你如何采用这种哲学，如果你认为它适合你的话”，可知这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式，故选B。
9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动”，可知作者建议的方法是30天内远离可选的在线活动，即“清除clear up”在线活动。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的你应该避免的陷阱”，可知在第一部分的最后章节里作者呈现了很多的实例，故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances你可以把这些做法看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努力建立一个适合你特殊情况的极简主义生活方式”，可知作者建议读者把文中的实践付诸于自己的实际生活，故选A。
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The methods of estimation.
B．The underlying logic of the effect.
C．The causes of people's errors.
D．The design of Galton's experiment.
13．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if
________.
A．the crowds were relatively small
B．there were occasional underestimates
C．individuals did not communicate
D．estimates were not fully independent
14．What did the follow-up study focus on
A．The size of the groups.
B．The dominant members.
C．The discussion process.
D．The individual estimates.
15．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A．Unclear.
B．Dismissive.
C．Doubtful.
D．Approving.
【答案】12．B
13．D
14．C
15．D
【知识点】细节理解题；观点态度题；段落大意；说明文；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国统计学家在1907年3月7日出版的一本关于"群体智慧"效应的书，并对这一理论进行了介绍。
【点评】考查阅读理解。推断题、观点态度题和主旨题从题型上看属于有难度的题型，推断题和观点态度题需要考生根据关键词，推断出所需要的信息；主旨题，则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
12．段落大意题。根据第二段中的"This effect capitalizes on the fact……这种效应利用了事实……"、"Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate有些人倾向于高估，有些人倾向于低估"和"hen enough of these errors are averaged together然后把足够多的误差平均起来"以及"If people are similar and tend to make the same errors如果人们是相似的，容易犯同样的错误"，可知该段落主要是探讨了一些假设和推断，结合选项，可知即是这种效果的潜在逻辑，故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据"The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许进行讨论时，这些群体的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确"，可知即使估计值不是完全独立的，平均精度也会提高，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion在对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么"，可知后续研究的焦点是讨论的过程，故选C。
15．观点态度题。根据文章最后一句话"Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous虽然纳瓦哈人领导的研究有局限性，还有许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的"，可知作者对 Navaja 的研究是持支持态度的，故选D。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 16． You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading "Personal strengths." 17． Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading "Acts of kindness." On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 18．
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 19．
That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. 20． We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16．D；17．B；18．F；19．C；20．G
【知识点】说明文；七选五；人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种自我原谅的方法。
A. 一点点的自我原谅也会有很长的路要走。
B. 现在列出所有你喜欢自己的特点。
C. 他们甚至可能想尝试一下做这个练习。
D. 宽恕自己也同样重要。
E. 这并不意味着你必须忽略发生的事情或忘记它。
F. 不管它是什么，不管它看起来有多小，把它写下来。
G. 不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符合来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出其他选项表达完全同意思的句子，这样的话就可以直接将该选项排除。
16．空格后的句子"You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点"中的this指代的内容与选项D相符合，且该选项与空格前句句意连贯，即"人都会犯错。原谅自己很重要"，故选D。
17．根据空格前的"Personal strengths个人优点"和空格后句中" just aspects of your personality that you're proud of只是你个性中让你引以为傲的方面"，可知空格处应是与个人表现好的方面有关，结合选项，可知选项B中的the characteristics you like about yourself与该段意思契合，使上下文通顺、连贯，故选B。
18．根据该段的关键词"Acts of kindness善举"，结合选项与空格前的"帮朋友完成作业、熨衣服、烤饼干"，可知选项F"不管它是什么，不管它看起来有多小，把它写下来"与上文衔接紧密，故选F。
19．选项C中的they指代空格前句中的a friend or family member，并且空格后的"That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through这样，你们就可以交换想法，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪耀的方面"与选项C意思连贯，故选C。
20．空格后句" We're all changing and learning all the time我们一直都在变化和学习"，与选项G中的"isn't a fixed aspect不是一个固定的方面"相匹配，故选G。
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 21． the course earlier than she did. Her 22． came because she was carrying a 23． across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 24． when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 25． to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 26． . She couldn't. Bailey then 27． to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 28． attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 29． and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 30． to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more 31． about why her act is considered a big 32． . "She was just crying. I couldn't 33． her," Bailey told the reporter. "I feel like I was just doing the right thing."
Although the two young women were strangers before the 34． , they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 35． of human kindness won the day.
21．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
22．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
23．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
24．A．race B．school C．town D．training
25．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
26．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice
27．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down
28．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal
29．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated
30．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness
31．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged
32．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal
33．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand
34．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show
35．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange
【答案】21．D；22．A；23．D；24．A；25．C；26．B；27．D；28．A；29．B；30．B；31．C；32．D；33．A；34．C；35．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在一次越野赛中，贝利为了帮助受伤的Lenoue，而放弃早点结束比赛的故事，告诉人们：虽然他们在比赛中失败了，但是他们所表现出的善良为她们赢得了比赛。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
21．句意：梅勒妮·贝利应该比 更早完成进程。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。上句提到，贝利参加了越野赛跑，结合选项，此处应是她本应该更早地完成比赛的，故选D。
22．句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延迟；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上句中的谓语动词should have finished，可知贝利没能早些完成比赛，所以此处应是她延迟完成了比赛，故选A。
23．句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor竞争者。根据上句中的谓语动词should have finished，可知贝利没能早些完成比赛，根据下文可知，未能早些完成比赛是因为她背着另一个参赛者到达终点，故选D。
24．句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当贝利跑到三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据上文，贝利参加越野赛race，故选A。
25．句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned返回；C. stopped停止；D. promised承诺。根据下文，贝利背着因剧痛无法完成比赛的Danielle Lenoue到达终点，所以此处是她停下来帮助Danielle Lenoue，故选C。
26．句意：Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据空格前的took her arm，可知贝利试图给予Danielle Lenoue帮助，帮她完成比赛，故选B。
27．句意：然后贝利弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一路抱着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到勒诺接受治疗的地方。A. went away走开；B. stood up站起；C. stepped aside走一边；D. bent down弯腰。根据空格后的let Lenoue climb onto her back，可知贝利需要弯下腰，故选D。
28．句意：然后贝利弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一路抱着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到勒诺接受治疗的地方。A. medical医学的；B. public公共的；C. constant持续的；D. equal平等的。根据第9空格后的and later taken to a hospital，可知贝利帮助Danielle Lenoue获得了医学护理，故选A。
29．句意：勒诺在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified确认；D. appreciated感激。根据空格后的later taken to a hospital，可知医生在Danielle Lenoue被送去医院前，应是对她的伤势进行了评估，故选B。
30．句意：如果没有贝利的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲倦。根据句意，结合下文提到的"She was just crying"，可知如果没有贝利的帮助，Lenoue需要忍受巨大的痛苦才能完成比赛，故选B。
31．句意：至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed羞耻的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据第13空后的"I feel like I was just doing the right thing我觉得我做的是对的"，可知贝利认为这没什么大不了的，而且她对于别人认为这是一件了不起的事的想法感到困惑不解，故选C。
32．句意：至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game比赛；B. problem问题；C. lesson教训；D. deal交易。a big deal是固定短语，意"了不起的事"，故选D。
33．句意：我不能留下她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。贝利表示，Lenoue一直在哭，她不能置之不理，故选A。
34．句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在见面之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。两人都没有赢得比赛，但人类的善良赢得了胜利。A. ride骑；B. test测试；C. meet见面；D. show展示。 根据上下文，可知贝利和Lenoue是第一次见面，所以在这次见面前她们是陌生人，故选C。
35．句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在见面之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。两人都没有赢得比赛，但人类的善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit益处；D. exchange交换。通过贝利与Lenoue的故事，他们所展示出的善良举止赢得了人们的关注，故选B。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36． (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 37． (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出)， 38． to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 39． (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 40． hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 41． (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42． (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 43． touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 44． (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 45． (want) more next time.
【答案】36．tasty；37．to bite；38．or；39．recognized；40．by；41．to be lifted；42．their；43．a；44．rarely；45．wanting
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小笼包这一传统美食。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及名词、定语从句、非谓语动词、副词、冠词、形容词、介词、被动语态等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。根据空格后的名词soup，结合"形容词+名词"结构，可知空格处需要填入形容词修饰名词soup，故填tasty。
37．句意：要吃小笼包，你必须决定是先在上面咬一个小洞，冒着流出汁水的风险，还是把整个饺子放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上炸开。与第3空后的to put……构成选择选项，所以形式应保持一致，故填to bite。
38．句意：要吃小笼包，你必须决定是先在上面咬一个小洞，冒着流出汁水的风险，还是把整个饺子放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上炸开。与第2空格前的whether构成搭配，意"无论是……还是……"，属选择关系，故填or。
39．句意：上海可能是公认的汤包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。根据常考结构"冠词+（定语）+名词"，可知空格处需作定语，结合所给动词，可知recognized可作定语，意"公认的"，故填recognized。
40．句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多的是饺子，更少的是汤，饺子皮是用手压的，而不是卷起来的。与空格后的rolled（意"擀的"）意思相反，此处作"手工制作"（by hand），故填by hand。
41．句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包都有很好的表皮，可以让它们从蒸笼里拿出来，而不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。根据固定短语allow sb to do sth，可知空格处应天动词不定式；根据空格前的代词them与空格处的不定式之间的被的关系（意"小笼包从笼屉中被拿出来"），可知空格处应使用不定式的被动形式，故填to be lifted。
42．句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包都有很好的表皮，可以让它们从蒸笼里拿出来，而不会撕裂或洒出任何东西。根据空格后的名词contents，可知空格处应使用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词，故填their。
43．句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。空格后的名词touch是可数名词，所以空格处应是修饰、限定该名词的成分，结合句意，此处表示泛指，意"一种……的味道"，故填a。
44．句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够用，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。空格前后的系动词is和形容词enough构成完整的系表结构，所以空格处应使用副词修饰形容词，故填rarely。
45．句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够用，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。非谓语动词短语 10 (want) more next time作主语补足语，说明主语的状态，与主语I构成主动的关系，所以应使用V-ing形式，故填wanting。
五、写作（共两节，满分40分）
46．（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan, I'm Li Hua from Class 3. …… Yours sincerely, Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
I'm Li Hua from Class 3. I think it's not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hold up the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don't get along with or have difficulty communicating with.
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文建议信，格式为：一般开头应该先是DearMr/Miss，然后就是正文，说明具体问题，然后提出建议，感谢并写上署名。要求考生以校李华 的身份写一封邮件给外教Ryan提建议。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文。写这篇文章时，要注意文中给出的细节都要包括，不要遗漏。这篇文章对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。本文的人称是第一、三人称；时态是一般现在时；文章可以分为共分三段：
第一段：开头：写信的目的（将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题）；
第二段：正文：说明问题（可能每组能力不均阻碍进步；可能每组同学间感情不太融洽）；
第三段：结尾：我的建议（可以按口语能力和学生自愿来分组），然后表示感谢。
【点评】书面表达要求要点齐全，上下文连贯，并使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时能够运用一些高级词汇pair up，hold up the progress of students，less motivated， 和固定短语The reasons are as follows，have difficulty communicating with，group students based on their language abilities提高文章的档次，体现对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。
47．（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest, I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail His reply: "Because I love your stories. If you're willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this." Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse's mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny, and unlikely to be anyone else's choice.
What did the horse think, as he sped through the night Did he get tired Have doubts Did he want to quit I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere's horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half-dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud and said, "Great. Now, write it again." I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn't win, I wouldn't care.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news.
……
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation.
【答案】 A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. "I knew you'd win! I am proud of you. You made it!" he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, "It's you who make me fell in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn't have written this article. Again thank you very much!"
I went to my teacher's office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said "Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing. "You know I didn't like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works." I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读可知，文章主要讲述了虽然作者英语不好，但是老师出于对作者的创造力的赞赏，迫使作者参加了写作比赛。在准备比赛的过程中，作者发挥自己的优势，在姐姐和老师的帮助下，在自己的反复努力下，终于完成并上交了写作内容的故事。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息"可知，第一段描写作者获奖的消息传来，作者的高兴、感激之情；②由第二段首句内容"颁奖典礼后，我去了老师的办公室"可知，第二段可描写作者收到老师的鼓励，并从这次活动中发现自己的优点，并表达自己对老师的感激之情。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型是文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇书面需要表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用了一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高了文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。可参考使用的句型有：Recalling the past struggling days, I deeply sensed that it was my teacher's encouragement, my family's support,and my wholehearted commitment that made it all worthwhile.运用了非谓语动词作状语和强调句型；not only did I have a good command of writing，but I also knew the truth——fear never builds the future, but hope does运用了部分倒装结构；Tears welling in my eyes, I was grateful to him for his inspiration and encouragement运用了独立主格结构；When asked about how I felt, I really had a wonderful sense of fulfillment and got a taste for writing运用了状语从句的省略结构。
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