牛津译林版(2019)选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Food matters Grammar and usage 课件(共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
新牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一Unit1Food matters
Grammar and Usage
Exploring the rules
Which do you prefer, eating out or eating at home
Lead-in
（6）页
A
Below is a blog entry about eating out and eating at home. Read the blog entry博客文章 on page 6 and fill in the following mind map.
App’s functions
Cooking at home is (5)_______.
In the last few weeks, the author engaged in home cooking.
Benefits
In the past, the author liked to eat (1) _________________.
Why
The author was eager to try new restaurants.
To eat out was also a social activity to (2) ____________ ____________ with friends.
Then the author came across a cooking app last month.
There are lots of (3) _______ to choose from.
It offers (4) ________________ for users to follow step by step.
The author can cook exactly what he wants.
Cooking at home is (6)_______.
at the restaurant
enhance the
recipes
detailed instructions
cheaper
healthier
relationship
（6）页
A. Exploring the rules
Read the blog entry again. Find the sentences that use to-infinitives as subjects or predicatives.
Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant. I was eager to try new restaurants. To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends. I often ate out until last month, when I came across a cooking app. There are a variety of recipes in the app to choose from. They are uploaded by users, and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step. Most of the recipes include photos or videos, which are very useful for beginners. When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish. In the last few weeks, I've thrown myself into home
to eat
To eat out
to make
cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan. I hardly eat out any more. Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want. It's healthier too. No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking!
Now I am good at cooking a couple of dishes. My plan is
to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my
new-found skills. I hope that they will like my cooking！
to invite
To-infinitives as subjects
To-infinitives as predicatives
To eat out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.
When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that
difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.
Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.
My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills.
Fill in the table below.
Working Out the rules
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
主动 被动
一般式
进行式
完成式
语态
时态
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
否定式： not to do
二、动词不定式作主语
动词不定式可以在句中用作主语，通常表示个别的、具体的、一次性的或者具有将来含义的动作，并且句子谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式，如果and连接两个或更多并列的不定式作主语，谓语动词就用复数。常见的不定式作主语的情况有：
1. 不定式直接作主语
To cook Chinese food is not easy.
To finish the work before Friday is not so easy.
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
【注意】动名词也可以作主语，但表示动作经常反复发生，而不是只针对某一次。Smoking in public places is not good.
一、动词不定式作主语
2. 动词不定式作句子主语时可以用形式主语it 代替，将不定式置于句末。
It is difficult to find a true friend.
It’s not easy to work out the problem.
It is interesting to play with snow in winter.
【注意】it作形式主语时，常见句型有：
（1）It be + 形容词 + (for/of sb.) to do sth.
（2）It is +名词+ to do sth.
（3）It takes (took/will take) sb. some time/money to do sth.
(4) It seems/appears + 形容词 + to do sth.
（5）It is + believed/said/reported/estimated to do= it is + believed/said/reported/estimated that...
一、动词不定式作主语
（1）It be + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth. 其中sb.为to do 不定式的逻辑主语。
当形容词修饰不定式时，用for，此时，常用的形容词有：dangerous , difficult, easy , hard (艰难的), important, impossible, interesting, necessary, safe, useful等。
It’s difficult for us to make the final decision.
It is easy for him to work out the math problem.
当形容词说明逻辑主语的性质或特征时，用of，此时，常用的形容词有：clever， foolish，kind， nice，polite，silly，stupid， wise等。
It is nice of you to help me.
It is polite of you to say that to him.
一、动词不定式作主语
（2）It is +名词（a pity, a shame, an honour,great fun, our duty...) + to do sth.。
It is our duty to take care of the old.
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
It is a pity to fail in the English examination.
（3）It takes (took/will take) sb. some time/money to do sth.。
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
It will take him two days to finish the job.
It will take about 2,000 yuan to buy the desk.
(4) It seems/appears + 形容词 + to do sth.
It seemed impossible to finish the job on time.
(5) It is + believed/said/reported/estimated to do= it is + believed/said/reported/estimated that...
It is said to rain soon.
一、动词不定式作主语
3. “特殊疑问词+不定式”作主语
常见的特殊疑问词有：what，who, which, when, where, why, how等，用“特殊疑问词+不定式”作主语，与动名词作主语相同，句子的谓语同样采用第三人称单数。
How to relieve the pain is a question.
Where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
4. 动词不定式的被动形式作主语。
To be admitted by a key university is difficult for him.
二、动词不定式作表语
1. 不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，表将来。
表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等的名词（短语、从句）作主语时，表语应用to do不定式。
To live is to do something worthwhile. 目的
His wish is to become an astronaut. 愿望
To see is to believe.
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
【注意】如果主语中含有实义动词do的形式，表语中的to可以省略。（见do省to）
What he can do now is (to) wait here patiently.
二、动词不定式作表语
2. 动词不定式的被动语态作表语。
What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.
【注意】
有些作表语的动词不定式，在结构上是主动的，但是在意义上却是被动的（主动表被动）。
She is to blame for the accident happening last night.
二、动词不定式作表语
3. “特殊疑问词+不定式”作表语
常见的特殊疑问词有：what,who, which, when, where, why, how 等。“特殊疑问词+不定式”通常与be动词构成系表结构，作be动词的表语。
The question is how to finish the work.
4. 某些系动词，如be(是)、seem(看起来)，appear（看起来），prove（证明），turn out（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。其中，除了be动词之外，seem，appear，prove，turn out后面的表语若是以“to be +...”的形式出现，通常可以省略to be。
【注意】有些系动词，如sound， smell, taste, feel, become(成为) 等，通常不可以接不定式作表语。
He seems (to be) busy. = He appears (to be) busy.
The plan proves (to be) right. = The plan turns out (to be) right.
小结
一、动词不定式作主语
1. 直接作主语
2. it作形式主语
常用句型
3. “特殊疑问词+不定式”作主语
4. 被动语态作主语
（1）It be + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.
（2）It is +名词（a pity, a shame, an honour,great fun, our duty...) + to do sth.
（3）It takes (took/will take) sb. some time/money to do sth.
（4） It seems/appears + 形容词 + to do sth.
（5） It is + believed/said/reported/estimated to do= it is + believed/said/reported/estimated that...
小结
二、动词不定式作表语
1. 不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容，表将来。
见do省to
2. 动词不定式的被动语态作表语。
主动表被动
3. “特殊疑问词+不定式”作表语
4. 某些系动词后面可以接不定式作表语，且to be可省略。
Applying the rules
Rewrite the following sentences using to-infinitives according to the requirements in the brackets.
B
Applying the rules
B1
1. The next dish that the cook will prepare is Kung Pao Chicken. (attributive)
The next dish to be prepared by the cook is Kung Pao Chicken.
2. The preparation of home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable. (subject)
To prepare home-cooked meals is easy and enjoyable./
It is easy and enjoyable to prepare home-cooked meals.
3. Her dream is that she will open a restaurant some day. (predicative)
Her dream is to open a restaurant some day.
4. We will put the potatoes in the pot first in order that they will be cooked quickly. (adverbial of purpose)
We will put the potatoes in the pot first (in order) to cook them quickly.
5. I consider the Soup of the Day as the best option on the menu. (object complement)
I consider the Soup of the Day to be the best option on the menu.
Below is a lifestyle magazine plete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. (1)_________(locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2)_________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal.
Located
to see
B2
Since it takes about an hour (3)________(turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet is (4)_______ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes,
(6) ________ (range) from Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7)_________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals
(8)_______ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion.
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
to sit
to turn
What are the to-infinitives used as in each sentence of this article
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre. (1)_________(locate) at the top of Tower 88, it gives you an amazing view of the bay. Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable (2)_________ (see) the scenery outside while having your meal.
Located
to see
subject
Since it takes about an hour (3)________(turn) the full 360 degrees, you are unlikely to get bored with the scenery. If you want to get the most wonderful views, your best bet最好的办法 is (4)_______ (sit) by the window an hour before sunset and watch how the sky changes colours. The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls (5) ________ (paint) white and light blue. Sky Buffet serves a menu full of eye-catching Asian dishes,
(6) ________ (range) from从...变化 Chinese food to Japanese food. It will be a good idea (7)_________ (invite) your family and friends over for dinner. Sky Buffet is considered by many locals (8)_______ (be) the perfect location for a special occasion.
painted
ranging
to invite
to be
to sit
to turn
subject
subject
predicative
subject complement
B3 Imagine your friend has taken you out to dinner at Sky Buffet. Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour回报 by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you.
Expressions
I am writing to … I have always wanted to …
It was so kind of you to … I would like/love to …
It was wonderful to … My plan is to …
Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you.
Use the expressions
I am writing to …
我写信是为了感谢你带我去天空自助餐。
I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet.
It was so kind of you to …
你真的太好了，邀请我，还订了一张靠窗的桌子。
It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window.
Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you.
Use the expressions
It was wonderful to …
看城市的风景，看美丽的日落真是太棒了。
It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset.
I have always wanted to …
我一直想尝试一下天空自助餐，它当然没有辜负我的期望!
I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations!
Write a thank-you note to your friend, offering to return the favour by inviting him or her to your home for dinner next weekend. Remember to use to-infinitives. Use the expressions below to help you.
Use the expressions
I would like/love to …
虽然这里的风景不如空中自助餐好但是我想为你做点特别的东西来感谢你。
The view won’t be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you.
My plan is to …
你下周末有安排吗 我的计划是下周六请你来我家吃晚饭。
Do you have any arrangements next weekend My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday.
Dear Tom,
I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet. It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window. It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunset. I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try, and it certainly lived up to my expectations! Do you have any arrangements next weekend My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday. The view won’t be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you.
Yours,
Mary
Sample
Additional Exercise
一、从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项
1. We’re looking forward _______ the photo exhibition.
A. to visiting B. to visit C. to having visited D. visiting
2. —The light in the office is still on. —Oh, I forgot ______.
A. to turn it off B. turn it off C. turning it off D. having turned it off
3. How about the two of us ________ a walk down the garden
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
4. Charles Babbage is generally considered _______ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
5. In those days my family didn’t have enough room__________.
A. to live B. living in C. to live in D. living
Additional Exercise
6. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____ for a space flight.
A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained
7. Since he doesn’t want to accept your advice. It is no use ________ to him again.
A. in talking B. talking C. to talk D. of talk
8. We regret ________ that the movie was not worth_________.
A. to say; to see B. to say; seeing C. saying; to see D. saying; to seeing
9. It’s important for the figures ____ regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated
10. She is often heard _______ English aloud in the morning.
A. to read B. sang C. to have sung D. to be reading
Additional Exercise
11. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
12. Your hair needs________ . You’d better have it ________ tomorrow.
A. to be cut; do B. cutting; doing C. to be cut; done D. cutting; to be done
13. ______ in pencil, the letter was difficult________ out.
A. Being written; in making B. Written; to make
C. Having written; to make D. Having been written; making
14. He has no choice but ________ to see him.
A. to go B. go C. going D. goes
15. There was nothing they could do but _______ for a mechanic to arrive.
A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waited
Additional Exercise
二、用括号中所给单词的正确形式补全句子
1. Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary_______________(publish) next year.
2. Frankly speaking, I would rather _______________ (give) up the job than______________ (do) something illegal
3. The thief was seen_______________ (break) into the house, and the people called the police.
4. While many young kids are keen on watching cartoons, little Jack prefer ___________ (collect) coins.
5. Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made_______________ (cry) by his little sister.
to be punished
give
do
to break
to collect
to cry
Additional Exercise
6. Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman scientist _______________ (award) the Nobel Prize.
7. Medical teams are reported _______________ (send) to isolated villages to help people fight against the cold snap in Europe.
8. He was the first_______________ (arrive) at the end of the line.
9. The boss forbids his employees _______________ (use) mobile phones during working hours.
10. That is the only way we can imagine ___________ (reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
to be awarded
to have been sent
to arrive
to use
to reduce
Additional Exercise
11. ______________ (accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.
12. The flu is believed ______________ (cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
13. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________ (breathe).
14. With the work ____________ (finish) in just a few hours, I had no time to argue with them.
15. This kind of laptops电脑 is easy ____________ (operate). No wonder it is popular among middle-aged users.
To be accepted
to be caused
to breathe
to be finished
to operate