2023年中考英语复习 第4部分 3 阅读理解课件(共47张PPT)

(共47张PPT)
第四部分 中考题型突破
三　阅读理解
一、 题型分析
广东省中考英语阅读理解包括两部分： 阅读理解 (A、 B篇) 和配对阅读 (C篇), 每题2分， 共30分。 通过下列表格的统计， 可以发现近5年广东省中考阅读理解题所涉及的内容丰富、 题材广泛， 选材多贴近学生的日常生活和学习， 富有时代感、 交际性和教育意义。
A篇文章多选自海报、 报纸、 杂志等， 以应用文为主， 词数在190—250间， 旨在培养考生热爱生活、 关爱生命的意识以及帮助考生形成良好的品格素养。 主要考查考生寻读和跳读的阅读技能， 以及对文章细节信息的检索能力， 偶尔会考查考生对文章出处、 写作对象和目的的推断能力。
B篇文章多为与历史、 科技、 科普、 自然等相关的文章， 以说明文为主， 词数在260—300间。 旨在开拓考生视野， 增长考生跨学科知识。 主要考查考生对文章的整体把握能力、 提取关键信息的能力、 通过上下文线索猜测生词词义的能力、 推理判断能力以及归纳主旨大意的能力。 值得注意的是， 今年的体裁也与往年不同， 选用了一篇叙事类文章， 说明往后中考阅读篇章的选材将会更丰富， 不局限于单一体裁。 另外， 从2021年起， 词义猜测题由以往的汉语选项 (中译英) 改为了英文选项 (英译英), 旨在实现 “以考促教”
“以考促学”， 引导教师在教学中着重培养学生的英语思维， 引导学生在学习过程中养成用英语思维解决问题的习惯， 体现了科学的语言评测观。 今年的考卷还首次出现了以图片形式作为选项的细节理解题和针对段落的主旨大意题。
C篇各语言片段的主题主要围绕传统文化、 校园生活等展开。
2018—2022年广东省中考阅读理解考情分析
题型 考点 2022年 2021年 2020年 2019年 2018年
阅读 理解 A 体裁 应用文 应用文 应用文 应用文 应用文
话题 科技创新 休闲娱乐 人际交往 校园欺凌 日常活动
主旨大意 0 0 0 0 0
细节理解 5 4 4 4 5
推理判断 0 1 1 1 0
词义猜测 0 0 0 0 0
题型 考点 2022年 2021年 2020年 2019年 2018年
阅读 理解 B 体裁 记叙文 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文
话题 探险与环保 珍惜粮食 生态平衡 科技产品 物理现象
主旨大意 2 1 1 1 1
细节理解 2 2 3 2 3
推理判断 0 1 0 0 0
词义猜测 1 1 1 2 1
C 话题 人际交往 英语习语 文化活动 学校生活 文化活动
二、 解题策略
1. 获取段落的主旨和大意
一篇阅读材料通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的， 而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。因此， 理解文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点： ① 表述的意思比较概括， 相对其他句子来看， 这种概括性更为明显； ② 句子结构较简单， 多数都不采用长、 难句的形式； ③ 段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、 支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
2. 根据上下文猜测词义
任何一个实词， 只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。上下文的作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、 短语或句子的意义， 也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
3. 确定细节和事实
在阅读理解题目中， 有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。凡属针对特定细节的考题， 其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语， 也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子， 但句式、 用词和表达方式可能有所不同， 但指向的意思是一致的。
4. 进行合理推断
根据阅读材料中所提供的信息， 推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分， 从中推断出未知部分。需要推断的有关文字可能是词或句子， 也可能是若干句子， 甚至是全文。
三、 技巧点拨
1. 细节理解题
① 根据题目关键词 (动词、 名词等) 找到对应原文。
② 在原文附近搜索与选项最相似的句子。
③ 对比选项和原文的表达差异。 (可能选项中部分是正确的， 但是部分是不正确的； 选项是文章中的内容， 但不符合题干要求； 偷换概念， 故意扩大或缩小范围等。 )
④ 注意比较极端或全面概括类的词，如 all, only, every, the greatest等。
(2021 广东)
…
Pretty cool, right It's not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura, hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities.
…
( )58. People in other cities would like Laura to ____.
A. find a truck driver
B. visit their communities
C. give away food to them
D. help develop projects like hers
解题思路： 根据题干关键词 “People in other cities”， 答案定位至节选段。 从 “hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities” 可知， 其他城市的人也希望罗拉帮他们的社区开发类似的项目， 故选D。
D
2. 推理判断题
①作者态度： 作者的情感态度往往隐藏在篇章的字里行间或流露于修饰词中。
②文章出处： 通常在A篇最后一道题出现， 考生应多了解应用文文体的特征， 结合A篇呈现的特征进行判断。 常见的出处： advertisement/ad
(广告), poster(海报), newspaper(报纸), instructions(说明书), magazine(杂志), notice(通知)等。
③读者对象： 一般而言， 读者对象常隐含在文章细节处， 常需要结合文章写作目的一起思考， 需要通过文章传达的内涵进行推理判断。
(2021 广东)
Welcome to Manor Farm U-pick Activities
We are known for our delicious strawberries. We invite you to visit the farm and enjoy our fresh products and great farming experiences. We'll try our best to create a safe open-air environment for our customers under the circumstances(情况) of COVID-19 this year. Please read the instructions below.
…
( )55. The instructions are most probably from ____.
A. a farm owner B. a teacher
C. a news reporter D. a customer
解题思路： 从标题 “Welcome to Manor Farm U-pick Activities” 及 “We invite you to
visit the farm…”可推断， 这些指引很可能出自农场主人， 故选A。
A
3. 词义猜测题
① 根据上下文之间的语境及逻辑关系进行猜测。
② 将选项内容代入原文进行翻译， 通过语境来排除选项。
③ 根据上下文， 利用同义词、 反义词、 定义等进行猜测。
④ 尤其注意前后文表示因果、 转折、 递进、 并列等关系的连词， because, so, but, although, instead of以及and等。
(2021 广东)
…
Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need.
( )59. The underlined word “concerns” in this passage means ____.
A. ways B. secrets
C. worries D. decisions
C
解题思路： 根据下文 “They think such food may not be clean enough.” 可知， 一些人担心食物的安全， 推测出此处concern的含义。 故选C。
4. 主旨大意题
① 寻找主题句： 主题句是能表达或概括段落主题或文章主要内容的句子， 较多出现在说明文和议论文中， 而其他句子则围绕着主题句进行说明或扩展。
② 捕捉关键词： 略读文章时速度要快， 把注意力集中在关键词 (即实词) 上， 非关键词 (即虚词) 则一带而过， 注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴含中心思想的关键词。 经过分析归纳， 选出最能表达主旨或意图的关键词， 继而确定文章的主旨大意。
③ 仔细推敲选项： 切忌被以偏概全、 无中生有、 张冠李戴的干扰项迷惑。 正确的选项一般含有抽象名词和概括性词语， 能较全面、 有针对性地表达段落或文章中心思想。
(2021 广东)
According to a research, more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura's country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply(供应). It is a sad fact, especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger.
When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters(庇护所) in her community.
…
Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need.
( )60. Which can be the best title for this passage
A. A Dining Guide App
B. A Food Sharing Project
C. A Driving Service APP
D. A Food Safety Project
B
解题思路： 节选部分为文章的开头两段和结尾段。 从开头可以看出本文主要是关于食物浪费这一问题， 以及罗拉开展的项目， 从结尾段 “this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need” 可以看出， 该项目旨在减少食物浪费， 帮助缺少食物的人， B选项 “一个食物共享项目” 符合主题， 故选B。
四、 2022年广东省中考阅读理解真题详解
A
Imagine waking up to find a cup of coffee ready and floors swept. With smart devices(装置) controlled by AI, all housework can be done while you are asleep.
Now your kids can try these devices at the small home show in our community science center from August 1st to August 14th. Here in the center we have many fun activities. Children can also try out cleaning robot Little Q. It is a cute robot with a round head, two big eyes and two long legs. It's like a big toy. Your children will love it.
Opening Hours: 1：00 p.m.—9：00 p.m, from Tuesday to Sunday, closed on Monday.
Visitors: People of all ages are welcome. Children under 12 should come along with their parents. No pets are allowed.
Food & Drinks: No outside food or drinks. Visitors can buy food and drinks in the center.
Tickets: Please call 769520 to book a ticket. Kindly note that you CAN'T book a ticket on our website or through e-mail. And it is NOT possible to buy a ticket at our ticket office as it is closed.
【语篇解读】 本文为应用文， 主要介绍了一个关于智能家装的展览活动， 与时事生活息息相关。
( )51. What can the smart devices in Paragraph 1 do
A. Farming.
B. Business.
C. Housework.
D. Schoolwork.
【剖析】 细节理解题。 从文中第一段 “all housework can be done while you are asleep” 可知， 智能装置能做家务， 故答案为C。
C
( )52. What does Little Q look like
【剖析】细节理解题。 从文中第二段 “It is a cute robot with a round head, two big eyes and two long legs” 可知， 机器人Little Q有一个圆头， 两只大眼睛和两条长腿， 故答案为D。
D
( )53. When can a visitor enter the science center
A. On Monday morning.
B. On Sunday morning.
C. On Monday afternoon.
D. On Sunday afternoon.
【剖析】细节理解题。 从文中 “Opening Hours: 1:00 p.m.— 9:00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday, closed on Monday” 可知， 展览秀在星期一以及星期二到星期日的上午都不对外开放， 故答案为D。
D
( )54. Who can be allowed to visit the center
A. A man with a cat.
B. An 8-year-old boy alone.
C. A man with his 3-year-old son.
D. A girl with food from outside.
【剖析】细节理解题。 从文中 “Children under 12 should come along with their parents. No pets are allowed” 可知， 12岁以下的儿童需有家长陪同， 且参观者不能携带宠物， 排除A、 B; 又从 “No outside food or drinks” 可知不能外带食物或饮料， 排除D, 故答案为C。
C
( )55. How can a visitor book a ticket
A. By making a phone call.
B. By sending an e-mail.
C. By visiting the website.
D. By going to the ticket office.
【剖析】 细节理解题。 从 “Tickets” 部分可知电话可以购票， 电邮和网站均不提供购票服务， 且售票处已经关闭了， 故答案为A。
A
B
Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure(探险) in South America, covering 7，800 miles. He was even named Adventurer of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn't feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world？”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples(样本) from the places far away to do research. But scientists can't get there themselves as such places are hard to reach—only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventurers to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life on Mount Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists learn how plants live in extreme(极端的) conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is the most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn't important for me. What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do，” Jerry said to a newspaper.
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文， 主要讲述著名登山运动员Jerry在进行探险的活动中同时为科学研究收集样本以保护地球的故事。
( )56. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about
A. Jerry's friends.
B. Jerry's achievements.
C. High mountains.
D. A geography magazine.
【剖析】主旨大意题。 从文中第一段 “He has climbed many high mountains in the world… covering 7，800 miles. He was even named Adventurer of the Year…” 可知， 本段主要介绍了Jerry的成就， 故答案为B。
B
( )57. What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Satisfied. B. Lonely.
C. Patient. D. Worried.
【剖析】词义猜测题。 A满足的； B孤独的； C耐心的； D担心的。 从文中第二段 “Although Jerry had achieved great success，… ‘Is it enough to climb the highest mountains？’” 可知， Jerry对他的成就并不满足， 故答案为A。
A
( )58. Why did Jerry set up a team of top adventurers
A. To make friends. B. To help scientists.
C. To study plants. D. To train scientists.
【剖析】细节理解题。 从文中第三段 “Jerry thought himself could do something to help… He set up a team of top adventurers to collect samples for scientists.” 可知， Jerry为帮助科学家们成立了一支队伍， 故答案为B。
B
( )59. Jerry's and his friends' adventures have changed____.
A. their hobbies
B. their friendship
C. their understanding of life
D. their living conditions
【剖析】细节理解题。 从文中最后一段 “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way.” 可知， 这些探险使得他们用不同的方式看待生活， 即改变了他们对生活的理解， 故答案为C。
C
( )60. Which can be the best title for the passage
A. Dangerous Mountains Climbing
B. Important Scientific Discoveries
C. Plants Found on High Mountains
D. Adventures Turned into Something Greater
【剖析】主旨大意题。 从文中最后一段 “Now, being the best climber isn't important for me. What matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains.” 可知， Jerry认为比起探险竞赛， 探险中能作出帮助和贡献更重要， 结尾段是对全文主旨的升华， 故D选项 “探险变成了更伟大的东西” 符合全文主旨， 故答案为D。
D
C
配对阅读。 左栏是五则短信， 右栏是七则回复。 请将短信和回复进行匹配。
A. What a pity! Shall we meet sometime next week After all, shopping won't be fun without you.
B. We still have some in the kitchen. I bought a bottle of milk the day before yesterday and we haven't opened it yet.
C. Great! I'll collect them on my way to work tomorrow morning. Many thanks.
D. Sure. There is a fruit shop on my way home. What would you like me to buy What about some bananas？
E. Take your time. I will be there in a few minutes. What salad would you like, fruit salad or vegetable salad？
F. You can take No. 27 bus to my house. Get off at East Street. There is a shop near the bus stop. I will wait for you there.
G. Thanks. It is getting much better now. My doctor said I could return to the sports field next month. Anyway, I'll be there next week.
【语篇解读】 本文考查短信与回复的匹配， 突出了英语在实际交流中的应用， 贴近学生生活。
61. Tara, could you buy some milk at the supermarket when you are back from school this afternoon？
62. Alice, I'm afraid I can't join the shopping trip tomorrow. My cousin is coming to visit me.
【剖析】
61. B。 文中 “could you buy some milk” 对应B选项中的 “We still have some in the kitchen. I bought a bottle of milk…”， 故答案为B。
62. A。 文中 “I'm afraid I can't join the shopping trip tomorrow” 对应A选项中的 “shopping won't be fun without you”， 故答案为A。
63. Sorry, Tony. I missed the train and I‘ll be late. If you get to the restaurant on time, could you please order orange juice and salad for me？
64. Hi, Peter. Has your leg got any better We will have a match next week. Hope you can come and watch it！
65. Tom, the sports shop on West Street phoned. They have repaired your basketball shoes！
【剖析】
63. E。 文中 “could you please order orange juice and salad for me” 对应E选项中的 “What salad would you like, fruit salad or vegetable salad？”， 故答案为E。
64. G。 文中 “Has your leg got any better We will have a match next week.” 对应G选项中的 “It is getting much better now.” 和 “Anyway, I'll be there next week.”， 故答案为G。
65. C。 文中 “They have repaired your basketball shoes！” 对应C选项中的 “I'll collect them on my way to work tomorrow morning.”， 故答案为C。