(共41张PPT)
第四节 数 词
第四模块 小 词
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中考导航
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知识导图
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考点突破
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分层优练
考点 2020年~2022年广东省卷中考(语言知识运用)
听力理解(2020~2021) 听说应用(2022) 语法选择 完形填空 短文填空
1.基数词 2021:4分 2020:4分 2022:2分 / / /
2.序数词 2021:1分 2020:1分 2022:1分 / / /
考情分析:近三年语法选择未考数词,完形填空、短文填空也没有考查。但数词在每年的听力部分中均有考查,属于高频考点,故复习备考时必须要重视听力(备考策略详见本书赠送的《听说应用专项训练》)!
1.基数词的构成
基数词
构成 例子
(1)基数词1~12。 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
(2)基数词13~19基本都由基数词3~9加后缀 -teen构成。 14—fourteen,19—nineteen (注意: thirteen, fifteen, eighteen稍有变化)
(3)基数词20~90之间的整十基数,基本都由基数词2~9加后缀-ty构成。 20—twenty, 30—thirty, 40—forty, 50—fifty, 60—sixty, 70—seventy, 80—eighty, 90—ninety (注意:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty稍有变化)
(4)基数词21~99之间的非整十基数由十位数加个位数构成,中间必须有连字符(-)。 21—twenty-one,43—forty-three,75—seventy-five
(5)百位数以上的基数词的写法:在个位和十位之间加连字符,在百位与十位之间加and,千、百之间不加任何东西。 785写作: seven hundred and eighty-five
1264写作: one thousand two hundred and sixty-four
2.基数词的基本用法
用法 例子
(1)1以上的基数词放在可数名词前,名词要用复数形式。piece of, pair of等短语后不管接可数名词还是不可数名词,of前的量词前有大于1的数词时,量词都要用复数形式。 I have a/one brother and two sisters.我有一个弟弟和两个妹妹。
(2)“基数词+名词”构成复合形容词时,数词和名词之间应用连字符“-”连接;数词大于1时,名词也不能用复数形式。 We’ll have a two-week holiday.我们将有一个两周的假期。
(3)hundred, thousand, million, billion的用法 ①这些词前有确定数字,或a few,some,many等修饰词时,不管数字多少,这些词都不能加s。 one/a hundred cars一百辆汽车
three thousand apples三千个苹果
twenty thousand students两万个学生
one million books一百万本书
a few hundred miles几百英里
②后接of时,这些词都要加s,且前面不能有确定数字。 hundreds of students成百上千的学生
thousands of books成千上万的书籍
3.表达年、月、日
用法 例子
(1)月份 January一月, February二月, March三月, April四月, May五月, June六月, July七月, August八月, September九月, October十月, November十一月, December十二月
(2)年和年代用基数词,多用阿拉伯数字表示,需注意读法。表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”,用逢十的基数词的复数。 1998读作:nineteen ninety-eight
在80年代:in the eighties
在他80多岁时:in his eighties
(3)年或月前常用介词in,在年、月同时出现时,年前的介词in省略;具体某一天前用介词on。 My brother went to college in 2005.我哥哥在2005年上了大学。
I was born on October 10,1994.我生于1994年10月10日。
(4)表示“某日”,书写形式可以用基数词,也可以用序数词;读数时一般按序数词形式。英语年、月、日的排列顺序为:月→日→年或日→月→年。如果用of结构只能是:日→月→年。 2017年8月8日: August 8(th), 2017 / 8(th) August,
2017 / the 8th of August, 2017
4.表达编号
用法 例子
编号的表示法:名词(首字母大写)+基数词(首字母大写)= the+序数词(首字母小写)+名词(首字母小写)=名词(首字母大写)+阿拉伯数字。 Unit Five=the fifth unit= Unit 5第五单元
Page Four=the fourth page = Page 4第四页
注意:如果数字较大时,特别是房间、页码、公共汽车号、电话号码等,多用“名词+阿拉伯数字”形式。如:Room 308 308号房, Bus No.3第三路公共汽车。
5.表示页码、段落
用法 例子
表示第几页或第几段用“Page/Paragraph+基数词”或“the+序数词+page/paragraph”。 Please turn to Page Four and read the fourth paragraph.请翻到第四页,朗读第四段。
6.表达时刻
用法 例子
(1)表示“时刻”,一般用基数词。数词前用介词at。 表示整点时,数词后可接o’clock,半点之前的时间常用past,表示“几点过了几分”;半点之后的时间常用to,表示“差几分到几点”;半小时用half; 一刻钟用quarter。 twelve o’clock—12:00
half past ten—10:30
a quarter to seven—6:45
(续表)
用法 例子
(2)时间的读法 顺读法(先读小时后读分钟) 7:24读成seven twenty-four
8:38读成eight thirty-eight
逆读法(先读分钟后读小时) ①分钟小于30用past。如:
8: 25读成twenty-five past eight
②分钟大于30用to,且分钟要用60减,小时要加1。如:7:40读成twenty(60-40) to eight(7+1)
7.表达年龄
用法 例子
(1)一般直接用基数词表示。 Her daughter is eighteen.她的女儿18岁。
(2)用“基数词+year(s) old”表示。 Her daughter is eighteen years old.她的女儿18岁。
(3)“基数词+名词+old”也可以构成复合形容词,表示“……岁的”。此结构常作定语,三个词之间都用连字符连接,前面的数字大于1时,中间的名词词尾也不能加s。 A three-year-old boy is playing with his sister on the grass.一个3岁的小男孩正在草地上同他姐姐一起玩耍。
8.表达倍数和次数
用法 例子
表示“几倍和几次”除了一倍、一次(once),两倍、两次(twice)外,其他一般由“基数词+times”构成。 This book is twice thicker than that one.
这本书比那本书厚两倍。(这本书是那本书的三倍厚。)
They have done three times as much housework as we do.
他们做的家务活是我们的三倍。
巧学妙记
1至12分别记,13至19都带-teen,整十后面要用-ty,连字符用于几十几,百位以上用and连。
( )1.(2014广东,单项填空)It’s never too old to learn.Karl Marx began to learn English in his _________.
A.the fiftieth B.fiftieth C.fifty D.fifties
( )2.(2019广州,语法选择)This is very different from the
situation 2 years ago when people could only use their
eyes.
A.thousand B.thousands
C.thousand of D.thousands of
D
D
1.序数词的构成
序数词
构成 例子
(1)第一、第二、第三特殊记。 first(1st), second(2nd), third(3rd)
(2)第四至第十九分别在相对应的基数词后加-th。 fourth(4th), fifteenth(15th)
但是five—fifth(5th), nine—ninth(9th),twelve—twelfth(12th)特殊记
(3)21~99等数的序数词只需把相应的基数词的个位数变为序数词。 twenty-one—twenty-first(21st)
(4)20~90整十数的序数词由相应的基数词去y加-ieth构成。 sixty—sixtieth(60th)
基数词变序数词口诀
一、二、三,特殊例,结尾各是t,d,d。th,四加起,八少t,九去e,y结尾改ie。
-ve结尾变f,five,twelve是两兄弟。若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
2.序数词的基本用法
用法 例子
(1)序数词在句子中主要用作定语,因此,前面要加定冠词the。 January is the first month of the year.一月是一年中的第一个月。
(2)序数词前不用the的情况。 ①序数词前有物主代词或名词所有格时。 This is my third visit to Beijing.这是我第三次来北京参观。
②序数词用于固定搭配时。 first of all首先
③在日、月表达中。 May (the) 1st 5月1 日
④两个序数词并列使用时,后面序数词前的定冠词省略。 the eighth and ninth pages第八页和第九页
(3)序数词起副词的作用,在状语的位置时,前面一般不用冠词。 He came second in the race.他赛跑获得了第二名。
(4)表示“再一,又一”时,序数词前一般用不定冠词。 We’ll have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次。
(5)表达分数。分数的构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子是“1”时,分子、分母都用单数形式;分子的数目大于“1”时,分母必须用复数形式。 One third of the students are boys in our class.我们班三分之一的学生是男生。
Over nine tenths of China’s inhabitants belong to the Han nationality.中国人口的十分之九以上是汉族。
(6)世纪年代的表达法 18世纪:in the eighteenth century
20世纪90年代:in the 1990s(1990’s)
( )1.(2019广东,单项填空)We are proud of our country.The year 2019 is her birthday.
A.seventy B.the seventy
C.the seventieth D.seventieth
( )2.(2018广东,单项填空)According to a survey, four out of five women do housework at home, but only of men would do it.
A.four fifth B.four fifths C.two fifth D.two fifths
D
D
一、语法点单句特训
( )1.(2022·广西中考)There are people in the picture, and the one from the left is me.
A.eight; third B.eight; three
C.eighth; third D.eighth; three
A
( )2.(2022·湖南郴州中考)About of my classmates help their parents do housework on weekends.
A.two fifths B.second five C.second fifths
( )3.(2022·黑龙江中考)The Great Wall is a symbol of China.It attracts travelers from all over the world to visit it.
A.millions of B.ten million of C.ten millions
A
A
( )4.(2022·黑龙江绥化中考)There are paintings on exhibition (展览). works were created by young artists.
A.two hundred; Two hundreds
B.two hundreds; Hundreds of
C.hundreds of; Two hundred
C
( )5.(2022·贵州黔东南中考)— is the population of Guizhou
—It has more than people.
A.How much; thirty-eight millions of
B.How many; thirty-eight million of
C.What; thirty-eight million
D.How large; thirty-eight millions
C
( )6.(2022·贵州铜仁中考)—I have been to Mount Fanjing three times.What about you
—I have been there three times, too.And I would like to visit it a time.
A.three B.third C.four D.fourth
( )7.(2022·湖北中考)—It’s birthday of CCYL (中国共青团) this year, isn’t it
—Yes, it is.We had a party for it.
A.100 B.100s C.100’s D.the 100th
D
D
( )8.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考)In our city museum, there are many old things from two years ago on show.
A.thousands B.thousands of C.thousand
( )9.(2022·甘肃白银中考)I waited a quarter of an hour and went home.
A.10 minutes B.15 minutes C.30 minutes D.45 minutes
B
C
( )10.(2022·江苏宿迁中考)—People in our town planted ________trees on Tree Planting Day.
—Good job! Everyone can do something to make our town greener.
A.hundred B.hundred of
C.hundreds D.hundreds of
D
二、小语篇特训
语法选择
Plastic bags are used everywhere in Briain.The number is amazing.British people use nearly 1 plastic bags each year.And the bags can take 2 years to break down.For this, the sea and the environment become more polluted.To Rebecca’s surprise, the shopkeepers agreed.And then Modbury became 3 plastic bag-free town in Britain.
( )1.A.17 billions B.17 billion of C.17 billion
( )2.A.hundreds of B.hundred C.hundreds
( )3.A.first B.the first C.one
B
A
C