2023年中考英语复习 第三节　介　词第四模块 小　词课件(共79张PPT)

(共79张PPT)
第三节　介　词
第四模块 小　词
01
中考导航
02
知识导图
03
考点突破
04
介词与语法选择
05
介词与短文填空
06
提分巧练
07
分层优练
考点 2020年~2022年广东省卷中考(语言知识运用)
语法选择 短文填空 回答问题
1.表示时间的介词 / 2021:1.5分 (for+一段时间) 2022:2分(when问句)
2021:2分(when问句)
2.表示地点和方位的介词 2022:1分(in) 2021:1分(between) 2022:1.5分 (in + 大范围) 2021:2分(where问句)
2020:2分(where问句)
3.表示方式、手段或工具的介词 / / 2021:2分(how问句)
2020:2分(how问句)
4.其他常用介词 2020:1分(with) / /
5.介词短语 / 2020:1.5分 (at the age of) /
考情分析:2020年~2022 年的语法选择和短文填空对介词的考查还是集中在时间和地点介词;也有考查介词的固定搭配。在回答问题中有1~3道题是需要用介词来回答的。备考时主要重视语法选择、短文填空和回答问题!
1.at,in,on表示时间的区别
表示时间的介词
at 表示具体的时间点,常用于表示钟点及某些词组中 at six o’clock在6点钟; at night在晚上;
at the end of在……结束时; at the age of在……岁时;
at last最终,最后; at Christmas在圣诞节
(续表)
in 用于表示世纪、年、月、季节、在上午/下午/晚上/白天等 in 1995 在1995年; in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代; in May,1992在1992年5月; in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上; in spring/summer/autumn/winter在春季/夏季/秋季/冬季
in 表示从现在算起到若干时间以后,意为“在……时间后”,用于一般将来时或过去将来时态 Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes 你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗
on 用于表示确定的时间,具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等 on December 1st,1994 在1994年12月1日; on Monday morning在星期一上午;
on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨;
on the night of October 22nd在10月22日晚上; on Christmas Day在圣诞节;
on Teachers’ Day在教师节
注意 在以this,that,next,last,tomorrow,yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。 I will go to Beijing next week.下周我将去北京。
　　2.for,since,from表示时间的区别
for “for+一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”,强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间,可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用,谓语动词只能用延续性动词 She has worked there for four years.她已经在那里工作4年了。
since 用作介词时,意为“自从,自……以后”,指从某一时间一直延续至今,后接时间点,通常与完成时连用 The factory has been there since spring 1989.
那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。
用作连词,用来引导一个时间状语从句 Great changes have taken place since he left.自从他离开以后,这里发生了巨大的变化。
from from表示开始的时间,意为“从……”(from…to… “从……到……”),谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态 Students go to school from Monday to Friday.学生们周一至周五上学。
　　3.to,past,pass表时间的区别
to 介词,大于30分钟时,表示“差” ten to seven 6:50
past 介词,小于30分钟时,表示“过” ten past six 6:10
pass 动词,表示“经过,过去” He passed by me.他从我身边经过。
　　4.其余表示时间的介词
before ①指时间“在……以前”,后面一般接时间点 I will get to Australia before Friday.我将于星期五之前到达澳大利亚。
②表次序,意为“在……之前,先于” Those with babies can get on the bus before others.
带小孩的人可以先上公共汽车。
(续表)
after 指时间“在……以后”,后面接时间点或时间段均可 接时间段时,多和一般过去时连用 He came back after a few days.几天后他回来了。
接时间点时,多和一般将来时连用 I’ll call you after 4:30.四点半以后我给你打电话。
till/until “到……为止,直到……之时,直至” 在肯定句中主句谓语动词要用延续性动词 You’d better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上待到明天。
I shall wait until ten o’clock.我将等到10点钟。
在否定句中, not…until… “直到……才……” I didn’t go to bed until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉。
by “不迟于”(not later than),常与完成时连用 by then到那时,by now到目前为止
They had seen four English films by the end of last night.到昨天晚上为止他们已经看过四部英语电影了。
during “在……期间”,强调自始至终 During those three months, he asked a lot of questions.在那三个月期间,他问了许多问题。
( )1.(2022广州,语法选择)However, 　5　 a month,
I noticed that the tank was getting dirty.
A.before 　 B.for 　 C.after 　 D.during
( )2.(2018广东,单项填空)—How soon will we get the offer from a new high school
—　　　　 about two months.
A.In B.For C.Among D.During
A
C
( )3.(2020广州,语法选择)Early 　6　 a sunny morning, David and his donkeys stop at a river…
A.in　 B.on　 C.at　 D.for
( )4.(2018广州,语法选择)Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness 　15　 October 30, 1945, aged only 40.
A.at　 B.in　 C.on　 D.by
5.(2021广东,短文填空)He is William, an American who has lived in China 67.　 　 33 years.
　for　
C
B
1.in,at,on
表示地点和方位的常用介词(2022语法选择考)
in 表示地点,意为“在……内”,用于内部(2022语法选择考) He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放进口袋。
(续表)
on “在……上面”,用于表面接触,指在一个平面上 There was a carpet on the floor.地板上铺着一块地毯。
at “在某地”时,at后接小地方,in后接大地方 When did you arrive at the station 你什么时候到车站的
He was born in Wuhan.他出生在武汉。
“在……旁边” at the table在桌子旁边
　　2.above,below
above “在……之上,高于……”,与物体表面不接触,表示相对高度,不一定是在正上方 The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。
below “在……下方,低于……”,是above的反义词 The Dead Sea is below sea level.死海的海面低于海平面。
　　3.over,under
over “在……之上”, 与物体表面不接触,表示垂直之上 There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
under “在……下面”,是over的反义词。与物体表面不接触,表示垂直在下 There is a boat under the bridge.桥下有一艘船。
　　4.by,beside,near
by “在……旁边”,较near更近 My house is by the river.我的家在河边。
beside “近旁,紧靠”,相当于next to Come and sit beside me.来,坐在我的身旁。
near “在……附近”,可以表示空间、时间关系等 He sits near the window.他坐在窗户附近。
　　5.through, across, cross
through 介词,纵穿(从空间穿过) The soldiers went through the forest.
那些士兵穿过了树林。
across 介词,横穿(横过某个平面) He is walking across the street.他正在横穿马路。
cross 动词,横穿(横过某个平面) He is crossing the street.他正在横穿马路。
　　6.among, between(2021语法选择考)
among “在(三者或三者以上)之间” The man who is standing among the students is Lily’s father.站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。
between “在(两者)之间”,常用词组: between…and… 在……与……之间 I will be back between five and six.
我将在5点到6点之间回来。
　　7.in,on,to
in 表示在范围之内(属于该范围) Guangdong is in the south of China.(广东属于中国)广东位于中国南部。
on 表示与某一地区接壤 Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.(广东不属于湖南,但与湖南是毗邻关系)广东在湖南的南边。
to 表示隔海相望 Japan is to the east of China.(日本不属于中国,而且隔海相望)日本在中国东边。
　　8.in front of,in the front of
in front of “在……的前面(范围外)” There are some trees in front of the classroom.
教室前面有一些树。
in the front of “在……的前部(范围内)” Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.
我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。
( )1.(2022广东,语法选择)She was born and raised
　31　 a village in Hebei province.
A.in　 B.for　 C.with
( )2.(2021广东,语法选择)The bridge runs 　34　 two mountains.
A. at B. under C. among D. between
D
A
( )3.(2012广东,单项填空)—Why are you standing, Alice
—I can’t see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting
　　　　me.
A.behind B.next to C.between D.in front of
4.(2022广东,短文填空)Tea is mostly produced 69.　 _
Asian countries like China and India.
　in
D
1.by,in,on表交通方式
用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;用on或in时,交通工具前要用限定词。如:
Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=on a bike)
Mr.Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去上班。(by car=in a car)
表示方式、手段或工具的介词
2.by,in,with表示手段或工具
(1)with后跟具体的工具。如:I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔做作业。
(2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料,语言、材料前不加冠词。如:
Can you say it in English 你能用英语说吗
(3)by表示用某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词,若后接动词,需将动词变为动名词形式。如:
This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工做的。　
He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。
其他常用介词
against “反对”“违背”,其反义词为 for。若表示“强烈反对”,一般与副词 strongly搭配 They are strongly against the idea.他们强烈反对这个意见。
beyond 表示范围、水平、限度、能力等“超出;多于;为……所不能及” His bad behavior is beyond a joke.他的不良行为超出了开玩笑的范围。
about “关于”,多用于内容和观点比较一般性的情况 What is your excuse about your being late yesterday 你昨天迟到的借口是什么
like “像……一样”,用于说明相似关系,但实际上不是 He talked to me like my father.他像父亲那样跟我谈话。(他不是我父亲)
as “作为,以……的身份”,后跟表示职业、职务、身份的名词 We chose him as captain of our team.我们选他当我们的队长。
except “除……之外(不包括在内)”,是从整体中除去一部分,常和否定代词或概括性代词连用 We are all here except Li Ming.除了李明之外,我们都在这里。
into “往……里(进、蹦、跳)去”,常和动词连用 Many frogs jumped into the lake.许多青蛙跳进了湖里。
with/along with 表示伴随,也表示“和……一起”(2020语法选择考) She lives with her parents.她同父母住在一起。
without “没有”,用作状语 He left without saying a word.他什么也没有说就离开了。
for (1)表示目的,“为了” Let’s go for a walk.让我们去散步吧。
(2)表原因、理由 Sanya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao”.三亚因“天涯海角”而出名。
(3)表用途、对象 I think drinking milk is good for our health.我认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。
(4)表示价格 He sells his books for fifty yuan.他以50元的价格卖掉了他的书。
along “沿着,顺着” We’ve planted more than 1,000 trees along the banks of the river.我们沿着河岸种了1000多棵树。
off “离开,脱离” Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。
( )1.(2019广东,单项填空)I think tea will taste better
　　　　some milk in it.
A.for B.with C.from D.at
( )2.(2020广东,语法选择)Judie’s class was studying
Chinese culture.One day, her teacher went into the
classroom 　31　 some kites.
A.to　 B.in　 C.with　 D.by
C
B
( )3.(2019广州,语法选择)His story ended happily when he returned to earth 　12　 very good health.
A.at　 B.on　 C.in　 D.for
4.(2017广东,短文填空)What will happen if a family is without the Internet for a month One American family decides to find out.They have sent an invitation to a leading US television station, expecting that it will send a film group to record their day-to-day life 71.　 　 technology for a month.
　without　
C
1.介词与动词的常见搭配
listen to听　　　　　　 　　　 laugh at嘲笑　　　　　　　　　　　
get to到达 get on/off上车/下车
look for寻找 wait for等待
hear from收到……的来信 worry about担心
think of想起,认为 look after照顾,照料
介词短语
spend…on…花费……在…… agree with同意
do with对付,处置 depend on依靠
talk about谈论 turn on/off打开/关掉
regard…as…把……当作…… pay for付款
knock at敲 ask for请求,向……要
2.介词与形容词的常见搭配
be fond of喜欢 be ready for为……做好准备
be busy with忙于 be kind to对……好/仁慈
be kind of……太好了 be late for迟到
be afraid of害怕 be good at擅长
be full of装满
3.介词与名词的常见搭配
by bike/bus/train骑自行车/乘公共汽车/乘火车　
with/without one’s help在/没有某人的帮助下
on one’s way to在某人去……的路上
on time准时
to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是
on foot步行
at the end of在……尽头,末尾
at the age of在……岁时
( )1.(2021广州,语法选择) One said to the other, “Look at that farmer. I feel very sorry 　4　 him. He works so hard in the field, but now it is drying up. I wish I might help him.”
A. Of B. on C. for D. with
2.(2020广东,短文填空)Jane took part in a winter camp
67.　 　 the age of eight.
3.(2019广东,短文填空)The village became popular because 72.　 　 Grandpa Huang’s hard work.
　of　
　at　
C
近三年广东和广州中考语法选择每年考查一题介词,以考时间和地点介词为主,还考了其他介词(with)和固定搭配(be sorry for sb.)。
1.介词在句中作状语,根据上下文推敲出信息。
①(2022广东)She was born and raised 　31　 a village in Hebei province. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.in　 B.for　 C.with
(作地点状语,“在山村”,介词用in。)
②(2021广东)The bridge runs 　34　 two mountains.
A.at　　 B.under　　 C.among　　 D.between
(作方位状语,“桥横跨在两座山之间”,根据空后的two可知,表示“在两者之间”,选D。)
2.介词的固定搭配。
(2021广州)One said to the other, “Look at that farmer.I feel very sorry 　4　 him.He works so hard in the field, but now it is drying up.I wish I might help him.”
A.of　　 B.on　　 C.for　　 D.with
(feel sorry for“为……感到难过”,选C。)
近三年的广东中考短文填空介词每年都会考查一个。考查的方向有两个:1.介词的用法;2.介词的固定搭配。
1.介词的用法。
(2021广东)He is William, an American who has lived in China 　67　 33 years .
(for+时间段,表示一段时间,填for。)
2.介词的固定搭配。
(2020广东)Jane took part in a winter camp 　67　 the age of eight.
(at the age of在……岁时,是固定搭配,填at。)
一、根据句意用适当的介词填空。(短文填空基础练习)
1.I have made great progress in my studies 　 　 the teachers’ help.
2.There is a supermarket in the center 　 　 the city, and people go there to shop.
3.I often relax 　 　 doing sports and listening to music.
4.Father’s Day comes 　 　 June every year.
　in　
　by　
　of　
　with　
5.Mingming will have a class meeting 　 　 3:30 this afternoon.
6.We can’t walk 　 　 the street when the traffic light is red.
7.　 　 spring, the days are often windy and bright.It’s a perfect time to fly a kite.
8.Dazhou is 　 　 the northeast of Sichuan Province and it’s famous 　 　 its natural gas.
　for　
　in　
　In　
　across　
　at　
9.All of us take pride 　 　 the successful coming back of the Shenzhou-13.
10.I have no cash on me because I often pay 　 　 things through WeChat.
　for　
　in　
二、根据问句和提示回答问题。(回答问题基础练习)
1.How does Eric study for a test (work with a group)
_
2.When was the Communist Party of China founded (July 1st, 1921)
It was founded on July 1st, 1921./ On July 1st, 1921.
/By working with a group.
Eric studies for a test by working with a group.
3.How long has the little boy been here (2 days)
4.What time will the class end this afternoon (3:30)
The class will end at 3:30 this afternoon./At 3:30 this afternoon.
The little boy has been here for 2 days./For 2 days.
一、语法点单句特训
( )1.(2022·湖北中考)—I’m going to Disneyland________
two weeks.
—Wow, sounds like fun!
A.to　　 B.in　　 C.at　　 D.on
B
( )2.(2022·湖北武汉中考)You can only achieve success
　　　　hard work.
A.across　 B.above 　 C.through　 D.into
( )3.(2022·四川成都中考)My mother often tells me it’s impolite to hit an empty bowl 　　　　chopsticks.
A.in　 B.on　 C.with
C
C
( )4.(2022·江苏扬州中考)Place names often have interesting connections 　　　　the local landscape and people.
A.in　 B.on　 C.at　 D.to
( )5.(2022·河北中考)Look! The fish is swimming fast
　　　　the river.
A.at　 B.in　 C.of　 D.by
B
D
( )6.(2022·四川乐山中考)Shenzhou XIII came back to Earth safely 　　　　April 16th, 2022.
A.at　 B.on　 C.in
( )7.(2022·北京中考)We have history class 　　　　three o’clock every Friday afternoon.
A.at　 B.on　 C.in　 D.to
A
B
( )8.(2022·云南昆明中考)With the teachers’ help, I have realized I’m not the center 　　　　the world and learned to put myself in others’ shoes.
A.of　 B.by　 C.up　 D.under
( )9.(2022·湖北恩施中考)Maria went skating with her friends in the park 　　　　a sunny morning.
A.at　 B.in　 C.on
C
A
( )10.(2022·江苏连云港中考)The traffic light is green.
Let’s go 　　　　the road.
A.against　 B.among　 C.across　 D.above
C
二、小语篇特训
(一)语法选择
In March of 2019, a piece of news drew people’s attention.The 8-year-old boy called Tani won the New York State chess championship.He completed the whole competition 　1　 losing a match.It isn’t easy 　2　 a child to achieve this honor.Tani lives 　3　 New York now, but he used to live a hard life in Nigeria.
He is interested in studying chess, and his skill is increasing rapidly.He practices every evening on his father’s laptop 　4　 three hours.He dreams 　5　 becoming the youngest chess master.
( )1.A.with　 B.without　 C.by
( )2.A.for　　 B.of　 C.as
( )3.A.at 　 B.in　 C.for
( )4.A.in 　 B.at　 C.for
( )5.A.in 　 B.of　 C.for
B
C
B
A
B
(二)短文填空
Drinking Kung Fu Tea is one of the most famous customs in Chaoshan area.In Chaoshan, each family has tea sets.Tea must be drunk several times a day.Chaoshan people often drink Kung Fu Tea 6.　 　 dinner.They often talk
7.　 　friends and relatives when drinking Kung Fu Tea.Kung Fu Tea is not a kind 8.　 　 tea.The reason why it is called Kung Fu Tea is that it is made 9.　 　 a very particular way.
　in　
　of　
　with　
　after　
Chaoshan Kung Fu Tea has become an important part of the study of Chaoshan culture.Drinking Kung Fu Tea is a kind of social activity in Chaoshan people’s daily life,which leads
10.　 　 many other customs.
　to　
一、语法选择(2022·中山市三校联考一模改编)
When Einstein was young, he failed in several exams because he often played with some bad kids.On a Sunday morning, Einstein wanted to go fishing with 　1　 kids.His father stopped him and said, “Einstein, you were spending too much time 　2　.I’m worried about your future.”
“What are you worrying about Jack and Robert also failed in the exam, but they went fishing as usual.”
“My boy, I have 　3　 story for you.I hope you can listen to it carefully.”
“There 　4　 two cats on the roof.Suddenly, they fell into the chimney (烟囱).　5　 they climbed out of the chimney, one cat’s face was dirty while the other cat’s face was clean.Seeing the dirty-faced cat, the clean-faced one thought its own face was also dirty, so it quickly ran to the riverside and washed its face.The dirty-faced cat saw the clean-faced one, thinking its own face was clean as well, so it walked 　6　 in the street.You can imagine what happened later.”
“Einstein, it is possible 　7　 anybody to be your mirror.Some kids are not strict with 　8　.You may become less strict with yourself if you take them as your mirror.” Hearing this, Einstein put down his fishing net and returned to his room.
1,000 people have 1,000 kinds of wishes in life.You can learn from other people, but you 　9　 not follow them totally.You must see yourself clearly and know 　10　 you want to get.In this way you can achieve your success.
( )1.A.another　 B.the others　 C.other
( )2.A.to play　 B.play　 C.playing
( )3.A.a　 B.an　 C.the
( )4.A.were　 B.are　 C.is
( )5.A.After　 B.Unless　 C.Although
( )6.A.happy　 B.happiness　 C.happily
( )7.A.by 　 B.for　 C.to
( )8.A.they　 B.them　 C.themselves
( )9.A.must　 B.may　 C.should　
( )10.A.why　 B.what 　 C.that
B
C
C
B
C
A
A
A
C
C
二、短文填空(2022·浙江金华中考改编)
London Zoo is one of the top attractions in Britain and it is the world’s oldest scientific zoo.It was built over 180 years ago, earlier 11.　 　 any other zoo.Now it is run by the Zoological Society of London.
　than　
The zoo can be found 12.　 the heart of London. Although it lies in the middle of the city, the zoo still has a large number of 13.　 　 to see, including lions, giraffes, tigers, monkeys and so on.In fact, there 14. _ 750 different groups, making it one of the largest collections of animals in the UK.
are
　animals　
　in
The zoo is divided into many different areas, such 15. _
Lions and Tigers, where you can get very close to a family of beautiful but endangered big cats from Asia.These places are great fun to explore and help make it very 16. with tourists from different parts of the world.
17.　 　 can also be done in the zoo.There are several places where you can shop 18.　 　 souvenirs(纪念品).Gifts both about the zoo 19.　 　 the city can be bought in many shops.
　and　
　for　
　Shopping　
popular
as
The best way to reach the zoo is to take the underground. As it is in the north of Regent’s Park, it only 20.　 ten minutes to walk through the park from Regent’s Park underground station.
　takes