(共60张PPT)
Unit 5 知识点复习
译林版八年级下册
复习目标
复习本单元重点单词，短语，重点句子理解。
重点词汇复习
礼貌地
垃圾，杂物
流动
采，摘
轮流，（轮流的）顺序
符合习俗的，正确的
亲密的，严密的
（非正式的）交谈，谈话
避免
话题，主题
politely
litter
run
pick
turn
proper
close
conversation
avoid
subject
民众，群体
推，挤
触摸，碰
原谅，宽恕
到…时，直到…为止
大声地
正如，如同
讨论（n.）
表达
公开的，公共的
解释
public
push
touch
excuse
till/ until
loudly
as
discussion
express
public
explain
警告，告诫
停车 n.
乱丢垃圾
成功的
在某时
冒险做
痛，疼痛
练习，训练，实践 n.
蜡烛
目的
客人，宾客
warn
parking
litter
successful
sometime / some time
risk
pain
practice
candle
purpose
guest
【词汇拓展】
1. polite adj. → politely(adv.)有礼貌地
2. proper adj. → properly(adv.)适当地
3. loud adj. → loudly (adv.)大声地
4. say v. →saying (n.) 谚语
5. discuss v. →discussion (n.)讨论
6. park v. →parking (n.) 停车
7. polite adj. →impolite (反义词)不礼貌的
8. warn v. → warning (n.)警告
【重点短语】
1. cut in on sb/sth 打断(谈话)，插嘴
2. drop litter everywhere 到处扔垃圾
3. keep quiet 保持安静
4 leave the tap running 使水龙头一直流着
5. pick flowers 摘花
6. obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则
7. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
8. keep the library clean 保持图书馆干净
9. the proper way to do sth 做某事的恰当方式
10. say hello to sb 向某人问好
11. for the first time 第一次
12. talk about 谈论
13. in public 在公共场合
14. laugh loudly 大声地笑
15. by accident 偶然地，意外地
16. greet each other 互相问候
17. any time 任何时候；随时
18. on one's own 单独
19. join the discussion 加入到讨论中
20. express oneself clearly 清楚地表达自己
21. write down 写下，记下
22. be busy with/doing sth 忙于(做)某事
23. warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
24. keep sb away from danger 使某人远离危险
25. no smoking 禁止吸烟
26. soon after 不久以后
27. in order to 为了
28．make one's dream come true 使某人的梦想成为现实
29. practise doing sth 练习做某事
30. the purpose of ……的目的
1. express vt. 表达
[点拨] express 后面可接反身代词作宾语，通常不接双宾语。
He expressed his thanks to her.他对她表达了他的谢意。
He is still unable to express himself in English.
他仍然不能用英语表达自己的想法。
[拓展] (1)express n. 快车；快邮
The letter was sent by express.
这封信是用快件邮寄的。
(2)express adj. 迅速的；快速的；快递的；准确的，确实的 adv. 用快递方式
It's an express train for Paris.
这是一列开往巴黎的快车。
【重点单词理解】
2.explain vt.&vi. 解释
[点拨] explain 作动词，意为“解释”，后面可直接接sth，不能接sb；“向某人解释某事”应表达为explain sth to sb。
Miss White is patient enough to explain the Maths problem to us many times.
怀特小姐不厌其烦地给我们多次讲解这道数学题。
[拓展] explain的名词形式为explanation, 为可数名词。
His explanations are always difficult to believe.
他的解释总是令人难以置信。
3. cut in (on sb/sth) 打断(谈话)，插嘴
Don't cut in on your mother when she is talking.
你妈妈讲话时，不要插嘴。
[拓展] cut in on还可表示“加入；干预；拦住”。
I think I should cut in on what they are doing.
我想我应该对他们所做的事情进行干预。
He was stopped when he tried to cut in on the queue. 他试图超车的时候被人拦住了。
I would like to cut in on this project.
我愿意加入这个项目。
4. leave the tap running 使水龙头一直流着
[点拨] leave作使役动词，意为“使/让……保持某种状态”，后接形容词、动词不定式、分词、名词或介词短语等作宾语补足语。
Leave the door open when you go out.
你出去时，不要关门。
He went out, leaving his papers lying open on the desk. 他出去时，把他的试卷摊在了书桌上。
[拓展] (1)leave 还可译为“留下；丢下；落下”，常表示“把某物落在/忘在某地”。
I left my key in the reading room.
我把钥匙忘在阅览室了。
(2)leave sb alone意为“让某人单独留下”，相当于leave sb by oneself或leave sb on one's own。
Don't leave Jim waiting outside all the time.
不要让吉姆一直在外面等着。
Mrs Green always leaves her daughter at home alone. 格林夫人总是把她的女儿单独留在家里。
(3)leave的过去分词为left, 常用作后置定语，意为“剩下的”。
Is there any water left in the bottle
瓶子里还有水吗？
(4)leave 作名词，意为“假期”。
He asked his teacher for sick leave.他向老师请了病假。
5. keep sb from… 使某人免受……
We should keep Millie from trouble.
我们应该使米莉免受烦恼。
[拓展] keep sb from doing sth 意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中from不可省略；其同义短语为stop/prevent sb from doing sth，其中from可以省略。keep sb doing sth 意为“让某人一直做某事”。
Nothing can keep us from realizing our dreams.
没有什么能够阻止我们实现我们的梦想。
He kept me answering the same question.
他一直让我回答同一个问题。
6. sometimes, some times, sometime和some time
(1)sometimes是频率副词，意为“有时候，间或”。
Sometimes I help my mother do some housework.有时候我帮母亲做些家务活。
(2)some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”。
I met her some times in the street last year.去年我在街上遇到过她几次。
(3)sometime是副词，意为“某时”。
I saw him sometime last summer.去年夏天的某个时候我见过他。
(4)some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”。
I stayed at my uncle's for some time last summer.
去年夏天我在我叔叔家住了一段时间。
7. when, while和as
(1)when意为“当(在)……的时候”，它既可以表示时间点，也可以表示时间段。主句和从句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。
We were playing outside when it began to rain.
当开始下雨的时候，我们正在外面玩。
(2)while意为“当(在)……时”，它只能指一段时间，不能指时间点。
While I was reading, she was singing.
我看书时，她在唱歌。
(3)as与when，while同义，有时可与它们通用。但它着重指主句和从句中的动作同时发生。
He dropped the glass as he stood up.他站起来时，把杯子摔了
[拓展] while 作连词时，还有“然而”的意思，表示前后两种情况的对比。它还可用作名词，表示“一会儿，一段时间”。
You like tennis, while I like to read.
你喜欢网球，而我喜欢看书。
It took a long while to do the work.
做这项工作花了很长时间。
8. too, as well, also和either
这四个副词(组)均可表示“也”，但用法不同：
(1)too一般放在句末，通常用逗号隔开。
I am a student, too. 我也是一名学生。
(2)as well 多用于口语中，语气较轻，通常用于肯定句或疑问句中，不用于否定句中，且通常放在句末。
I like you as well. 我也喜欢你。
(3)also 比 too 和 as well 正式，一般也不用于否定句中，它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词，即放在实义动词之前，情态动词或be动词之后。
He also came.他也来了。
(4)either 通常只用于否定句中，且要放在句末。
I don't know, either. 我也不知道。
9. Do people there behave politely in public
那儿的人在公共场合举止礼貌吗？
[点拨] (1)politely 是副词，意为“礼貌地”，在句中作状语，修饰动词behave。其形容词形式为polite。
We should speak to the old politely.我们应该礼貌地跟老人讲话。
(2)public 是名词，意为“公众，民众”，为集合名词。in public意为“当众，在公共场合”。
She used to make a speech in public.她过去常常在公共场合发表演讲。
It is wrong to leave litter in public places.在公共场所留下垃圾是不对的。
10. Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 就像谚语说的“入乡随俗”。
[点拨]
(1)saying是名词，意为“谚语”。
“There's no smoke without fire，” as the saying goes.常言道：“无风不起浪”。
(2)句中的as为连词，意为“像，按照……的方式”，引导方式状语从句，相当于in the way that。
John speaks Chinese as Chinese do.
约翰按照中国人的方式讲汉语。
1.You’re old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo. 你现在够大了，可以学习礼仪了。
（1）enough此处用作副词，意为“足够地，充分地”，修饰形容词或副词，放在所修饰词的后面。
He is strong enough to carry the heavy box. 他足够强壮，能够搬动那个重盒子。
拓展:enough还可用作形容词，意为“足够的；充足的”，修饰名词时常放在前面，但time enough（足够的时间），food enough（足够的食物）仍常用。
There are enough seats for them all. 有足够的座位让他们都坐下。
There’s food enough/enough food for us. 有足够的食物供我们（吃）。
（2）manner可数名词，此处意为“礼貌，礼仪，礼节”，常用复数形式。
good manners 有礼貌 bad manners 没有礼貌
table manners 餐桌礼仪
It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。
重点句子理解
中考链接：
( )1. Hearing the news, I was _________excited _________say a word.
A. very; too B. enough; too C. so; that D. too; to
( )2.- The old man is _________ to cook a good meal for himself.
- But he can't live without his family.
A. so old B. too old C. old enough D. very old
( )3. These days lots of people are working _________ to get _________ for their living.
A. hard enough; enough money B. enough hard; money enough
C. enough hardly; money enough D. hardly enough; enough money
D
C
A
2.Second, don’t cut in on others. 其次，不要打断别人谈话。
cut in (on sb.)意为“打断（某人的）谈话，插嘴”。
Mary likes to cut in on others. 玛丽喜欢插嘴。
Don’t cut in while others are talking. 别人说话时，不要插嘴。
中考链接：
1.You should avoid _________(cut) in on others.
2.- Don't _________ in on others, OK Let people finish their talks first.
- Sorry. I won't do that again.
cutting
cut
3.Always wait politely. 要一直礼貌地等着。
politely副词，意为“礼貌地”，常用来修饰动词。
We should speak to the old politely. 我们对老年人说话应该有礼貌。
拓展:polite形容词，意为“礼貌的”，可用作定语、表语等，它的反义词是impolite，意为“无礼的”。
be polite to sb.意为“对某人有礼貌”。
My sister is very polite. We all like her. 我妹妹很有礼貌，我们都喜欢她。
It is impolite to shout loudly. 大声喊叫是不礼貌的。
The students are polite to their teachers. 学生们对他们的老师很有礼貌。
中考链接：
( )1. The students are _________to keep their voice down in public.
A. polite enough B. enough polite C. too polite D. polite too
2.He is so p________ that he will not push in before others.
( )3. Don't _________ others while they are talking. It's not polite.
A. cut in B. cut out C. cut into D. cut in on
A
polite
D
本题考查cut固定搭配。根据cut in插嘴; cut out剪出; cut into切断; cut in on打断; 再结合语境：当别人在说话的时候不要打断别人。故答案选D。
1.leave the tap running 让水龙头一直流水
（1）leave sth. doing意为“使/让……处于……状态”。leave后可接形容词、v.-ing形式作宾语补足语。
Leave the door open. 让门开着。
（2）run此处用作不及物动词，意为“流动”。
Tears ran from her eyes. 她的眼泪夺眶而出。
Water is running on the ground. 水在地上流淌。
中考链接：
Do not leave the machine r________.
running
2.pick flowers in the park在公园里摘花
pick此处用作及物动词，意为“采，摘（花朵、果实等）”。
He picked a rose. 他摘了一朵玫瑰花。
Let’s pick some apples. 我们摘些革果吧。
拓展：pick up意为“拾起，捡起；（用车）接（人）”。
He picked the pen up. 他捡起了钢笔。
I’ll come to pick you up.我会开车来接你。
中考链接：
1. - Where's your mum
- Oh, she with my grandpa _________ (pick) peaches in the garden.
is picking
3.queue for your turn排队等候你的顺序
（1）queue此处用作不及物动词，意为“（人、车等）排队等候”。
Please queue up for a bus.请排队等候公共汽车。
Many people don’t like to queue.很多人不喜欢排队等候。
Come and queue up, Lily.莉莉，来排队。
（2）turn此处用作可数名词，意为“轮流，（轮流的）顺序”。It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。
It’s your turn to read now.现在轮到你读了。
中考链接：
( )1. —John, why don't you clean the blackboard
—It's not my _________ today. I cleaned the blackboard yesterday.
A. time B. order C. turn D. situation
( )2.—Why are you still waiting in line
—I’ve missed my _________．
A．place B．turn C．order D．time
C
C
4.We should keep quiet. 我们应该保持安静。
keep此处用作连系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，后跟形容词作表语。keep quiet意为“保持安静”，keep healthy意为“保持健康”。
You must keep quiet in the hospital. 在医院里，你必须保持安静。
Do you want to keep healthy 你想保持健康吗
5.Anything else 还有别的吗
辨析：else与other
两个词都含有“其他，别的”之意，但用法有别：
else，修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词，放在所修饰词之后。
other，修饰名词，位于名词之前。
Do you have anything else to say 你还有别的要说吗
What else do you need 你还需要什么
What other colors do you like 你喜欢别的什么颜色
中考链接：
( )1.The book isn't mine._______ can it be
A. What else B. Who else
C. Which else's D. Who else's
( )2. —Just a minute, Tom. Is this the report you need to hand in today
— Oh, yes, Mum. I thought I had put_________ in my schoolbag.
A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
D
A
1.Today we’ve invited Jenny to talk about manners in the UK.
今天我们邀请了珍妮来谈一谈英国的礼仪。
invite及物动词，意为“邀请”，invite sb.to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”，invite sb.to +名词，意为“邀请某人去……”。
He sometimes invites me to see the film. 他有时邀请我去看电影。
2.Well, British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.
喔，当英国人第一次见到你时，他们说“你好”或“见到你很高兴”，并且与你握手。
（1）shake sb.’s hand意为“与某人握手”，相当于shake hands with sb.。
You should shake Tony’s hand. = You should shake hands with Tony. 你应该和托尼握手。
（2）for the first time意为“首次；第一次”。表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事，在句中一般单独作状语。
For the first time, I expressed my opinions firmly.这是我第一次坚决地表达我的意见。
I have been here for the first time.我第一次来这儿。
中考链接：
l thought her nice and honest____________I met her.
A.first time B.for the first time C.the first time D.by the first time
B
3.Do they greet people with a kiss 他们用亲吻这方式打招呼吗
greet为及物动词，意为“问候，打招呼”，相当于say hello to sb.。
He greeted his teacher by saying “Good morning”. 他向老师打招呼说“早上好”。
Did you greet Tom’s parents 你和汤姆的父母打招呼了吗
中考链接：
( )1．When you meet old friends，you should greet him _________.
A．with a smile B．a smile C．in a smile D．by a smile
A
4.British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss. 英国人只和亲戚或亲密的朋友用亲吻打招呼。
close此处用作形容词，意为“亲密的；严密的”，表示关系或感情上“亲近的”，可作定语或表语。be close to“与……关系密切”。
We are close friends.我们是亲密的朋友。
I’m close to my English teacher.我和我的英语老师关系很密切。
拓展① be close to还有“离……近”之意。
The factory is close to the school.这家工厂离学校很近。
②close还可用作及物动词，意为“关闭”。
Please close the window.请关上窗户。
中考链接：
1.She stood ________ to the door to make it ________ .
A. close; close B. closed; close C. close; closed D. closed; closed
2.The shop that is _______to my home is often_______ at 9:30 p. m.
A．close ; close B．closed ; closed C．close ; closed D．close ; closes
stand close to是接近,在...一旁的意思.closed表示"关着"状态,make it closed表示"让门关着"的状态.
C
C
5.But please avoid subjects like age,weigh or money.
但是请避开像年龄、体重或金钱这样的话题。
（1）avoid及物动词，意为“避免”，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
You’d better avoid the traffic at rush hours. 你们最好避开交通高峰期。
It’s not easy to avoid making mistakes.避免犯错误是不容易的。
（2）subject此处用作可数名词，意为“话题；主题”。
What is the subject of his new play 他的新剧的主题是什么
Most of us don’t like this subject.我们大多数人不喜欢这个话题。
拓展:subject作可数名词，还有“学科,主语”之意。
中考链接：
1.We should ________ (避免) being trapped in the house when earthquakes happen．
2. When you talk with an Englishman, you should avoid ________ (ask) about their family.
avoid
asking
6.Do people there behave politely in public 那儿的人们在公共场合表现礼貌吗
（1）behave不及物动词，意为“表现”，其名词形式为behaviour（行为；举止；态度，表现方式）。Children behaved very badly after lunch.孩子们午饭后表现很差。
He behaved well in class. 他在课堂上表现很好。
（2）public集合名词，意为“民众，大众”。in public意为“公开地，在别人面前，当众”。
I don’t like to make a speech in public.我不喜欢当众发表演说。
Is the park open to the public 这个公园对公众开放吗
拓展：public还可用作形容词，意为“公共的，公开的”。
a public library 公共图书馆 a public place 公共场所
7.They think it’s rude to push in before others.他们认为在别人前面插队是粗鲁无礼的。
push in意为“插队；加塞”，是英式英语的用法，美式英语中常用cut in。push此处用作不及物动词，意为“推，挤”。
You shouldn’t push in before us. = You shouldn't cut in before us. 你不应该在我们前面插队。
Don’t push. 不要挤。
拓展：push还可用作及物动词，意为“按；推”。
Push the elevator button. 按电梯按钮。
He pushed me, and I fell into the river. 他推了我一下，我便掉到河里去了。
8.Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.
还有，如果他们在街上撞到某人，他们会说“对不起”。
bump此处用作不及物动词，意为“碰，撞”，常与介词against，into 连用。bump into意为“撞上；偶然碰见”。
He bumped against the door. 他撞到门上了。
短文填空：
The car b__________ into a tree and the driver was badly hurt.
bumped
9.If you’re in their way, they won’t touch you or push past you.
如果你挡了他们的路，他们不会碰你或推开你过去。
in one’s way意为“挡住某人的路”。in the way意为“妨碍，挡道”。
A group of sheep are in our way. 一群绵羊挡住了我们的路。
Don’t be in his way. Let him go. 不要挡住他的路，让他走吧。
Your hobby got in the way of your studies. 你的爱好妨碍了你的学习。
拓展：on one’s way to意为“在某人去……的路上”。
I met Tom on my way to school. 在上学的路上，我遇见了汤姆。
中考链接：
( ) 1. There is a big stone ______ my way_______my way home yesterday.
A. at; by B. in; by
C. on; in D. in; on
D
10.They’ll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait ill you move.
他们会说“劳驾”，然后很有礼貌地等着，直到你让开为止。
（1）excuse此处用作及物动词，意为“原谅，宽恕”。excuse me意为“劳驾”。
Excuse me for my coming late.请原谅我来迟了。
（2）till此处用作连词，意为“到……时，直到……为止”。用于肯定句时，主句中用延续性动词，指动作或状态持续到till表示的时间为止，意为“直到……为止”。用于否定句时，主句中的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到……（才）”。
She waited here till you came back. 她在这里等到你回来。
Don’t go away till I come back. 我回来之前不要走开。
中考链接：
1.—_______me，could you tell me how I can get to the city center
—Sure．Just go down this road and you will find the biggest shopping mall in our city center．
( )2．You should never put off today’s work_______tomorrow since life is short．
A．after B．till C．later D．since
Excuse
B
11.British people are very polite at home as well, aren’t they
英国人在家里也很有礼貌，是吗
as well意为“也，还有”。
Tom likes music.I like it as well. 汤姆喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
辨析：as well，also，too与either
as well，副词短语，多用于口语中，常用于肯定句句末，其前通常不用逗号隔开。
also，较正式，通常放在行为动词之前，助动词、情态动词或be动词之后，不用于句末，常用于肯定句中。
too，多用于口语中，通常用于肯定句句末，其前可有逗号也可没有。
either，用于否定句中，常用于句末，其前可有逗号也可没有。在肯定句变成否定句时，其中的also，too，as well都要变成either。
He can swim as well. 他也会游泳。
He also wants to go. 他也想去。
I’m a boy too. 我也是个男孩。
He doesn’t want to go either. 他也不想去。
中考链接：
( ) We sell CDs ______ educational books．
A．also B. either C．as well D．as well as
解析：本题考的是“也”。选项A also用于肯定句，位置是行为动词前，特殊动词之后。sell行为动词，also不可以放在sell之后，故排除。选项B either用于否定句，放在句末。故不符。选项C as well用于肯定句，但是要放在句末，和too用法相似。故答案是D。as well as 还有一个意思“和……一样好”
D
12.British people don't like to shout or laugh loudly.
英国人不喜欢大声喊或者大声笑。
loudly副词，意为“大声地”。
Someone is shouting loudly. 有人在大声欢呼。
辨析：loudly与loud
loudly，副词。“大声地，喧闹地”，给人以吵闹、不悦耳的感觉，与quietly相对，用法较正式，含有一点贬义。
loud，副词。“声音大”，常与laugh，read，speak，talk等动词搭配使用，还可与loudly替换使用；形容词，“大声的”，可作表语或定语。
Who is knocking at the door loudly 谁在大声敲门
Don’t speak so loud. 不要说得这么大声。 That music is too loud.那音乐太吵了。
中考链接：
1. He had to speak in a loud _____because of the______of the party in the next room.
A. noise; noise B. voice; sound
C. voice; noise D. sound; voice
2. My grandpa doesn't have a good hearing, so you have to speak to him in a l______ voice.
C
loud
13.Just as the saying goes… 正如这则谚语所说…
as此处用作连词，意为“正如，如同”，表方式。
I have changed it as you suggested. 我已按你的建议改了。
You should do as Tom told you. 你应该按照汤姆吩咐的做。
saying可数名词，意为“谚语，格言”。
How many sayings do you know 你知道多少谚语
There is a saying in the picture. 图片上有一则谚语。
练习
一、根据句意或汉语提示完成句中所缺单词。
1.Her friendly __________ (举止) made us feel relaxed.
2.Don’t __________(摘) flowers in the garden.
3.There is __________ (垃圾) everywhere in the street.
4.It’s your __________ (轮流) to tell us a story.
5.As a student, we must __________ (遵守) the school rules.
manners
pick
litter
turn
obey
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The boy behaved ________ (polite) at school.
2. It’s his ________ (one) time to go to England.
3. They all avoid ________ (talk) about that subject.
4. It’s impolite to ask someone’s ________ (weigh).
5. It’s useful ________ (learn) some manners.
politely
first
talking
weight
to learn
三、根据句意，从方框中选用恰当的词或短语，并用其正确的形式完成下列句子。
1. It’s _________ for us to swim in a deep river.
2. Please _________ those boys __________ play by the river.
3. When we travel on a highway, we can see many __________ along the roads.
4. We will see each other ___________.
dangerous
explain; public signs; warn...not to; danger; take photos; keep... From; follow; sometime
warn not to
public signs
sometime
三、根据句意，从方框中选用恰当的词或短语，并用其正确的形式完成下列句子。
explain; public signs; warn...not to; danger; take photos; keep... From; follow; sometime
5. Look at the __________ picture and say something about it.
6. We should ___________ our long hair _______________ fire.
7. Can you ___________ why he didn’t come to school today
8. Helen will __________ if she visits the biggest square in Beijing.
following
keep from
explain
take photos
谢谢
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Unit 5 知识点复习
【词汇拓展】
1. polite adj. → politely(adv.)
2. proper adj. → properly(adv.)
3. loud adj. → loudly (adv.)
4. say v. →saying (n.) 谚语
5. discuss v. →discussion (n.)
6. park v. →parking (n.) 停车
7. polite adj. →impolite (反义词)
8. warn v. → warning (n.)
【重点短语】
1. cut in on sb/sth 打断(谈话)，插嘴
2. drop litter everywhere 到处扔垃圾
3. keep quiet 保持安静
4 leave the tap running 使水龙头一直流着
5. pick flowers 摘花
6. obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则
7. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
8. keep the library clean 保持图书馆干净
9. the proper way to do sth 做某事的恰当方式
10. say hello to sb 向某人问好
11. for the first time 第一次
12. talk about 谈论
13. in public 在公共场合
14. laugh loudly 大声地笑
15. by accident 偶然地，意外地
16. greet each other 互相问候
17. any time 任何时候；随时
18. on one's own 单独
19. join the discussion 加入到讨论中
20. express oneself clearly 清楚地表达自己
21. write down 写下，记下
22. be busy with/doing sth 忙于(做)某事
23. warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
24. keep sb away from danger 使某人远离危险
25. no smoking 禁止吸烟
26. soon after 不久以后
27. in order to 为了
28．make one's dream come true 使某人的梦想成为现实
29. practise doing sth 练习做某事
30. the purpose of ……的目的
31.above all 首要的是
32. in one's way挡住某人的路
【重点句子】
1.霍波，你现在够大了，要学习有关礼仪的东西了。
You're old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo.
2. 他们谈论天气、假期、音乐、书或其他的东西。
They talk about the weather, holidays, music, books or something else．
3. 那儿的人在公共场合举止礼貌吗？
Do people there behave politely in public？
4. 他们认为插到别人前面是粗鲁的。
They think it's rude to push in before others.
5. 就像谚语说的“入乡随俗”。
Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do ．”
6. 基蒂非常忙于上舞蹈课。
Kitty was very busy with her dancing lessons.
7. 这些规则是重要的，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在就餐时都舒服。
These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.
【重点单词理解】
1. express vt. 表达
[点拨] express 后面可接反身代词作宾语，通常不接双宾语。
He expressed his thanks to her.他对她表达了他的谢意。
He is still unable to express himself in English.
他仍然不能用英语表达自己的想法。
[拓展] (1)express n. 快车；快邮
The letter was sent by express.
这封信是用快件邮寄的。
(2)express adj. 迅速的；快速的；快递的；准确的，确实的 adv. 用快递方式
It's an express train for Paris.
这是一列开往巴黎的快车。
2.explain vt.&vi. 解释
[点拨] explain 作动词，意为“解释”，后面可直接接sth，不能接sb；“向某人解释某事”应表达为explain sth to sb。
Miss White is patient enough to explain the Maths problem to us many times.
怀特小姐不厌其烦地给我们多次讲解这道数学题。
[拓展] explain的名词形式为explanation, 为可数名词。
His explanations are always difficult to believe.
他的解释总是令人难以置信。
3. cut in (on sb/sth) 打断(谈话)，插嘴
Don't cut in on your mother when she is talking.
你妈妈讲话时，不要插嘴。
[拓展] cut in on还可表示“加入；干预；拦住”。
I think I should cut in on what they are doing.
我想我应该对他们所做的事情进行干预。
He was stopped when he tried to cut in on the queue. 他试图超车的时候被人拦住了。
I would like to cut in on this project.
我愿意加入这个项目。
4. leave the tap running 使水龙头一直流着
[点拨] leave作使役动词，意为“使/让……保持某种状态”，后接形容词、动词不定式、分词、名词或介词短语等作宾语补足语。
Leave the door open when you go out.
你出去时，不要关门。
He went out, leaving his papers lying open on the desk. 他出去时，把他的试卷摊在了书桌上。
[拓展] (1)leave 还可译为“留下；丢下；落下”，常表示“把某物落在/忘在某地”。
I left my key in the reading room.
我把钥匙忘在阅览室了。
(2)leave sb alone意为“让某人单独留下”，相当于leave sb by oneself或leave sb on one's own。
Don't leave Jim waiting outside all the time.
不要让吉姆一直在外面等着。
Mrs Green always leaves her daughter at home alone. 格林夫人总是把她的女儿单独留在家里。
(3)leave的过去分词为left, 常用作后置定语，意为“剩下的”。
Is there any water left in the bottle
瓶子里还有水吗？
(4)leave 作名词，意为“假期”。
He asked his teacher for sick leave.
他向老师请了病假。
5. keep sb from… 使某人免受……
We should keep Millie from trouble.
我们应该使米莉免受烦恼。
[拓展] keep sb from doing sth 意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中from不可省略；其同义短语为stop/prevent sb from doing sth，其中from可以省略。keep sb doing sth 意为“让某人一直做某事”。
Nothing can keep us from realizing our dreams.
没有什么能够阻止我们实现我们的梦想。
He kept me answering the same question.
他一直让我回答同一个问题。
6. sometimes, some times, sometime和some time
(1)sometimes是频率副词，意为“有时候，间或”。
Sometimes I help my mother do some housework.
有时候我帮母亲做些家务活。
(2)some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”。
I met her some times in the street last year.
去年我在街上遇到过她几次。
(3)sometime是副词，意为“某时”。
I saw him sometime last summer.
去年夏天的某个时候我见过他。
(4)some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”。
I stayed at my uncle's for some time last summer.
去年夏天我在我叔叔家住了一段时间。
7. when, while和as
(1)when意为“当(在)……的时候”，它既可以表示时间点，也可以表示时间段。主句和从句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。
We were playing outside when it began to rain.
当开始下雨的时候，我们正在外面玩。
(2)while意为“当(在)……时”，它只能指一段时间，不能指时间点。
While I was reading, she was singing.
我看书时，她在唱歌。
(3)as与when，while同义，有时可与它们通用。但它着重指主句和从句中的动作同时发生。
He dropped the glass as he stood up.
他站起来时，把杯子摔了
[拓展] while 作连词时，还有“然而”的意思，表示前后两种情况的对比。它还可用作名词，表示“一会儿，一段时间”。
You like tennis, while I like to read.
你喜欢网球，而我喜欢看书。
It took a long while to do the work.
做这项工作花了很长时间。
8. too, as well, also和either
这四个副词(组)均可表示“也”，但用法不同：
(1)too一般放在句末，通常用逗号隔开。
I am a student, too. 我也是一名学生。
(2)as well 多用于口语中，语气较轻，通常用于肯定句或疑问句中，不用于否定句中，且通常放在句末。
I like you as well. 我也喜欢你。
(3)also 比 too 和 as well 正式，一般也不用于否定句中，它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词，即放在实义动词之前，情态动词或be动词之后。
He also came.他也来了。
(4)either 通常只用于否定句中，且要放在句末。
I don't know, either. 我也不知道。
9. Do people there behave politely in public
那儿的人在公共场合举止礼貌吗？
[点拨] (1)politely 是副词，意为“礼貌地”，在句中作状语，修饰动词behave。其形容词形式为polite。
We should speak to the old politely.
我们应该礼貌地跟老人讲话。
(2)public 是名词，意为“公众，民众”，为集合名词。in public意为“当众，在公共场合”。
She used to make a speech in public.
她过去常常在公共场合发表演讲。
It is wrong to leave litter in public places.
在公共场所留下垃圾是不对的。
10. Just as the saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 就像谚语说的“入乡随俗”。
[点拨] (1)saying是名词，意为“谚语”。
“There's no smoke without fire，” as the saying goes.常言道：“无风不起浪”。
(2)句中的as为连词，意为“像，按照……的方式”，引导方式状语从句，相当于in the way that。
John speaks Chinese as Chinese do.
约翰按照中国人的方式讲汉语。
Language points:
Comic strip
1.You’re old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo. 你现在够大了，可以学习礼仪了。
（1）enough此处用作副词，意为“足够地，充分地”，修饰形容词或副词，放在所修饰词的后面。
He is strong enough to carry the heavy box. 他足够强壮，能够搬动那个重盒子。
拓展:enough还可用作形容词，意为“足够的；充足的”，修饰名词时常放在前面，但time enough（足够的时间），food enough（足够的食物）仍常用。
There are enough seats for them all. 有足够的座位让他们都坐下。
There’s food enough/enough food for us. 有足够的食物供我们（吃）。
（2）manner可数名词，此处意为“礼貌，礼仪，礼节”，常用复数形式。
good manners 有礼貌 bad manners 没有礼貌 table manners 餐桌礼仪
It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full. 嘴里塞满了东西跟人说话是不礼貌的。
中考链接：
( )1. Hearing the news, I was _________excited _________say a word.
A. very; too B. enough; too C. so; that D. too; to
( )2.- The old man is _________ to cook a good meal for himself.
- But he can't live without his family.
A. so old B. too old C. old enough D. very old
( )3. These days lots of people are working _________ to get _________ for their living.
A. hard enough; enough money B. enough hard; money enough
C. enough hardly; money enough D. hardly enough; enough money
答案 DCA
2.Second, don’t cut in on others. 其次，不要打断别人谈话。
cut in (on sb.)意为“打断（某人的）谈话，插嘴”。
Mary likes to cut in on others. 玛丽喜欢插嘴。
Don’t cut in while others are talking. 别人说话时，不要插嘴。
中考链接：
1.You should avoid ______(cut) in on others.
2.- Don't _________ in on others, OK Let people finish their talks first.
- Sorry. I won't do that again.
答案 1.cutting 2.cut
3.Always wait politely. 要一直礼貌地等着。
politely副词，意为“礼貌地”，常用来修饰动词。
We should speak to the old politely. 我们对老年人说话应该有礼貌。
拓展:polite形容词，意为“礼貌的”，可用作定语、表语等，它的反义词是impolite，意为“无礼的”。
be polite to sb.意为“对某人有礼貌”。
My sister is very polite. We all like her. 我妹妹很有礼貌，我们都喜欢她。
It is impolite to shout loudly. 大声喊叫是不礼貌的。
The students are polite to their teachers. 学生们对他们的老师很有礼貌。
中考链接：
( )1. The students are _________to keep their voice down in public.
A. polite enough B. enough polite C. too polite D. polite too
2.He is so p________ that he will not push in before others.
( )3. Don't _________ others while they are talking. It's not polite.
A. cut in B. cut out C. cut into D. cut in on
welcome to the unit
1.leave the tap running 让水龙头一直流水
（1）leave sth. doing意为“使/让……处于……状态”。leave后可接形容词、v.-ing形式作宾语补足语。
Leave the door open. 让门开着。
（2）run此处用作不及物动词，意为“流动”。
Tears ran from her eyes. 她的眼泪夺眶而出。
Water is running on the ground. 水在地上流淌。
中考链接：
Do not leave the machine r________.
2.pick flowers in the park在公园里摘花
pick此处用作及物动词，意为“采，摘（花朵、果实等）”。
He picked a rose. 他摘了一朵玫瑰花。
Let’s pick some apples. 我们摘些革果吧。
拓展：pick up意为“拾起，捡起；（用车）接（人）”。
He picked the pen up. 他捡起了钢笔。
I’ll come to pick you up. 我会开车来接你。
中考链接：
1. - Where's your mum - Oh, she with my grandpa _________ (pick) peaches in the garden.
3.queue for your turn排队等候你的顺序
（1）queue此处用作不及物动词，意为“（人、车等）排队等候”。
Please queue up for a bus. 请排队等候公共汽车。
Many people don’t like to queue. 很多人不喜欢排队等候。
Come and queue up, Lily. 莉莉，来排队。
（2）turn此处用作可数名词，意为“轮流，（轮流的）顺序”。It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。
It’s your turn to read now. 现在轮到你读了。
中考链接：
( )1. - John, why don't you clean the blackboard
-It's not my _________ today. I cleaned the blackboard yesterday.
A. time B. order C. turn D. situation
( )2.一Why are you still waiting in line 一I’ve missed my ．
A．place B．turn C．order D．time
4.We should keep quiet. 我们应该保持安静。
keep此处用作连系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，后跟形容词作表语。keep quiet意为“保持安静”，keep healthy意为“保持健康”。
You must keep quiet in the hospital. 在医院里，你必须保持安静。
Do you want to keep healthy 你想保持健康吗
5.Anything else 还有别的吗
辨析：else与other
两个词都含有“其他，别的”之意，但用法有别：
else，修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词，放在所修饰词之后。
other，修饰名词，位于名词之前。
Do you have anything else to say 你还有别的要说吗
What else do you need 你还需要什么
What other colors do you like 你喜欢别的什么颜色
中考链接：
( )1.The book isn't mine. can it be
A. What else B. Who else
C. Which else's D. Who else's
( )2. - Just a minute, Tom. Is this the report you need to hand in today
- Oh, yes, Mum. I thought I had put_________ in my schoolbag.
A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
Reading
1.Today we’ve invited Jenny to talk about manners in the UK.
今天我们邀请了珍妮来谈一谈英国的礼仪。
invite及物动词，意为“邀请”，invite sb.to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”，invite sb.to +名词，意为“邀请某人去……”。
He sometimes invites me to see the film. 他有时邀请我去看电影。
短文填空：
We’ll invite Tom______ dinner tomorrow to________ _________（谈论） the plans.
2.Well, British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.
喔，当英国人第一次见到你时，他们说“你好”或“见到你很高兴”，并且与你握手。
（1）shake sb.’s hand意为“与某人握手”，相当于shake hands with sb.。
You should shake Tony’s hand. = You should shake hands with Tony. 你应该和托尼握手。
（2）for the first time意为“首次；第一次”。表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事，在句中一般单独作状语。
For the first time, I expressed my opinions firmly. 这是我第一次坚决地表达我的意见。
I have been here for the first time. 我第一次来这儿。
中考链接：
l thought her nice and honest____________I met her.
A.first time B.for the first time C.the first time D.by the first time
3.Do they greet people with a kiss 他们用亲吻这方式打招呼吗
greet为及物动词，意为“问候，打招呼”，相当于say hello to sb.。
He greeted his teacher by saying “Good morning”. 他向老师打招呼说“早上好”。
Did you greet Tom’s parents 你和汤姆的父母打招呼了吗
中考链接：
( )1．When you meet old friends，you should greet him _________.
A．with a smile B．a smile C．in a smile D．by a smile
答案 A
4.British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss. 英国人只和亲戚或亲密的朋友用亲吻打招呼。
close此处用作形容词，意为“亲密的；严密的”，表示关系或感情上“亲近的”，可作定语或表语。be close to“与……关系密切”。
We are close friends. 我们是亲密的朋友。
I’m close to my English teacher. 我和我的英语老师关系很密切。
拓展① be close to还有“离……近”之意。
The factory is close to the school. 这家工厂离学校很近。
②close还可用作及物动词，意为“关闭”。
Please close the window. 请关上窗户。
中考链接：
1.She stood ________ to the door to make it ________ .
A. close; close
B. closed; close
C. close; closed
D. closed; closed
2.The shop that is _______to my home is often_______ at 9:30 p. m.
A．close ; close B．closed ; closed C．close ; closed D．close ; closes
5.But please avoid subjects like age,weigh or money.
但是请避开像年龄、体重或金钱这样的话题。
（1）avoid及物动词，意为“避免”，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
You’d better avoid the traffic at rush hours. 你们最好避开交通高峰期。
It’s not easy to avoid making mistakes. 避免犯错误是不容易的。
（2）subject此处用作可数名词，意为“话题；主题”。
What is the subject of his new play 他的新剧的主题是什么
Most of us don’t like this subject. 我们大多数人不喜欢这个话题。
拓展:subject作可数名词，还有“学科,主语”之意。
中考链接：
1.We should (避免) being trapped in the house when earthquakes happen．
2. When you talk with an Englishman, you should avoid (ask) about their family.
6.Do people there behave politely in public 那儿的人们在公共场合表现礼貌吗
（1）behave不及物动词，意为“表现”，其名词形式为behaviour（行为；举止；态度，表现方式）。Children behaved very badly after lunch. 孩子们午饭后表现很差。
He behaved well in class. 他在课堂上表现很好。
（2）public集合名词，意为“民众，大众”。in public意为“公开地，在别人面前，当众”。
I don’t like to make a speech in public. 我不喜欢当众发表演说。
Is the park open to the public 这个公园对公众开放吗
拓展：public还可用作形容词，意为“公共的，公开的”。
a public library 公共图书馆 a public place 公共场所
7.They think it’s rude to push in before others. 他们认为在别人前面插队是粗鲁无礼的。
push in意为“插队；加塞”，是英式英语的用法，美式英语中常用cut in。push此处用作不及物动词，意为“推，挤”。
You shouldn’t push in before us. = You shouldn't cut in before us. 你不应该在我们前面插队。
Don’t push. 不要挤。
拓展：push还可用作及物动词，意为“按；推”。
Push the elevator button. 按电梯按钮。
He pushed me, and I fell into the river. 他推了我一下，我便掉到河里去了。
8.Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.
还有，如果他们在街上撞到某人，他们会说“对不起”。
bump此处用作不及物动词，意为“碰，撞”，常与介词against，into 连用。bump into意为“撞上；偶然碰见”。
He bumped against the door. 他撞到门上了。
短文填空：
The car b_____ into a tree and the driver was badly hurt.
9.If you’re in their way, they won’t touch you or push past you.
如果你挡了他们的路，他们不会碰你或推开你过去。
in one’s way意为“挡住某人的路”。in the way意为“妨碍，挡道”。
A group of sheep are in our way. 一群绵羊挡住了我们的路。
Don’t be in his way. Let him go. 不要挡住他的路，让他走吧。
Your hobby got in the way of your studies. 你的爱好妨碍了你的学习。
拓展：on one’s way to意为“在某人去……的路上”。
I met Tom on my way to school. 在上学的路上，我遇见了汤姆。
中考链接：
1. There is a big stone my way my way home yesterday.
A. at; by B. in; by
C. on; in D. in; on
10.They’ll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait ill you move.
他们会说“劳驾”，然后很有礼貌地等着，直到你让开为止。
（1）excuse此处用作及物动词，意为“原谅，宽恕”。excuse me意为“劳驾”。
Excuse me for my coming late. 请原谅我来迟了。
（2）till此处用作连词，意为“到……时，直到……为止”。用于肯定句时，主句中用延续性动词，指动作或状态持续到till表示的时间为止，意为“直到……为止”。用于否定句时，主句中的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到……（才）”。
She waited here till you came back. 她在这里等到你回来。
Don’t go away till I come back. 我回来之前不要走开。
中考链接：
( )1.一 me，could you tell me how I can get to the city center
一Sure．Just go down this road and you will find the biggest shopping mall in our city center．
( )2．You should never put off today’s work tomorrow since 1ife is short．
A．after B．till C．later D．since
11.British people are very polite at home as well, aren’t they
英国人在家里也很有礼貌，是吗
as well意为“也，还有”。
Tom likes music.I like it as well. 汤姆喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
辨析：as well，also，too与either
as well，副词短语，多用于口语中，常用于肯定句句末，其前通常不用逗号隔开。
also，较正式，通常放在行为动词之前，助动词、情态动词或be动词之后，不用于句末，常用于肯定句中。
too，多用于口语中，通常用于肯定句句末，其前可有逗号也可没有。
either，用于否定句中，常用于句末，其前可有逗号也可没有。在肯定句变成否定句时，其中的also，too，as well都要变成either。
He can swim as well. 他也会游泳。
He also wants to go. 他也想去。
I’m a boy too. 我也是个男孩。
He doesn’t want to go either. 他也不想去。
中考链接：
( )We sell CDs educational books．
A．also B. either C．as well D．as well as
12.British people don't like to shout or laugh loudly.
英国人不喜欢大声喊或者大声笑。
loudly副词，意为“大声地”。
Someone is shouting loudly. 有人在大声欢呼。
辨析：loudly与loud
loudly，副词。“大声地，喧闹地”，给人以吵闹、不悦耳的感觉，与quietly相对，用法较正式，含有一点贬义。
loud，副词。“声音大”，常与laugh，read，speak，talk等动词搭配使用，还可与loudly替换使用；形容词，“大声的”，可作表语或定语。
Who is knocking at the door loudly 谁在大声敲门
Don’t speak so loud. 不要说得这么大声。
That music is too loud. 那音乐太吵了。
中考链接：
1. He had to speak in a loud because of the of the party in the next room.
A. noise; noise B. voice; sound
C. voice; noise D. sound; voice
2. My grandpa doesn't have a good hearing, so you have to speak to him in a l voice.
13.Just as the saying goes… 正如这则谚语所说…
as此处用作连词，意为“正如，如同”，表方式。
I have changed it as you suggested. 我已按你的建议改了。
You should do as Tom told you. 你应该按照汤姆吩咐的做。
saying可数名词，意为“谚语，格言”。
How many sayings do you know 你知道多少谚语
There is a saying in the picture. 图片上有一则谚语。
练习
根据句意或汉语提示完成句中所缺单词。
1.Her friendly (举止) made us feel relaxed.
2.Don’t (摘) flowers in the garden.
3.There is (垃圾) everywhere in the street.
4.It’s your (轮流) to tell us a story.
5.As a student, we must (遵守) the school rules.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.politely 2.first 3.talking 4.weight 5.to learn
1. The boy behaved (polite) at school.
2. It’s his (one) time to go to England.
3. They all avoid (talk) about that subject.
4. It’s impolite to ask someone’s (weigh).
5. It’s useful (learn) some manners.
三、根据句意，从方框中选用恰当的词或短语，并用其正确的形式完成下列句子。
explain; public signs; warn...not to; danger; take photos; keep... From; follow; sometime
It’s _________ for us to swim in a deep river.
Please _________ those boys __________ play by the river.
When we travel on a highway, we can see many __________ along the roads.
We will see each other ___________.
Look at the __________ picture and say something about it.
We should ___________ our long hair _______________ fire.
Can you ___________ why he didn’t come to school today
Helen will __________ if she visits the biggest square in Beijing.
四、选择题。
You can share your happiness and sorrow ______________your friends.
A to B with C and D for
If you keep ____________ speaking English, you will be better at it.
A practise B to practise C practises D practising
He likes English very much. And he is good _________ English.
A at B on C in D of
You cannot _________ the candle at both ends.
A open B close C burn D put out
My sister is good at ________. She always cooks delicious meals for us.
A cook B cooking C cooks D cooker
五、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
circle, wonder, something, fork, done, across, to eat, to show, to reach, nearest
Table manners in America
Don’t 1 your plate with your arms. If you do so, you will become the focus(焦点) of the table.
Everyone would 2 , “Is there 3 wrong with the food ” This may give a wrong message that you don’t like the food or something like that.
Don’t push the plate back when finished. Leave it where it was. Do ou want to let the hostess(女主人) know that you’ve just 4 a labour(劳动)
Don’t lean(依靠) back and say “I’m through” or “I’m done”. Just put the 5 and knife 6 the plate. That’s all.
Don’t cut up everything before you start 7 . Cut only one or two bites(块) at a time. Never take a huge mouthful of anything. Do you want 8 how hungry you are Don’t do that. It’s not so good.
It’s never good 9 across the table for anything. If the thing you want is not at hand, simply ask the 10 person for help, like “Mrs Smith, could you pass me the dish ”
答案
一、根据句意或汉语提示完成句中所缺单词。1.manners 2.pick 3.litter 4.turn 5.obey
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.politely 2.first 3.talking 4.weight 5.to learn
三、根据句意，从方框中选用恰当的词或短语，并用其正确的形式完成下列句子。1.dangerous 2. warn; not to 3. public signs 4. sometime 5.following 6.keep; from 7.explain 8.take photos
四、选择题。BDACB
五、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。1.circle 2.wonder 3.anything 4.done 5.fork 6.across 7.to eat 8.to show 9.to reach 10.nearest
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