(共25张PPT)
Unit 5 语法，写作复习
译林版八年级下册
1.复习enough to与too...to...的用法。
2.复习看图作文的写作技巧。
复习目标
enough to 与too... to...的用法
enough to的构成及基本用法
l.enough to的完整结构为“……形容词/副词十enough( for sb. ) to do sth.”,常用来描述一个人的品质和能力。意为“足够……以至于能……”。
【举例】Daniel is kind enough to help his friend any time.丹尼尔很善良,他在任何时候都会帮助他的朋友。
2.若 enough前出现否定词,则不仅否定了enough,而且也否定其后的不定式。
【举例】He was not strong enough to do the work.他不够强壮,不能做这份工作。
too...to...的构成及基本用法
1. too... to...的完整结构为“be动词十too＋形容词/副词十to do sth.”,其中“to do”修饰“to十形容词/副词作为结果状语或进度状语,常用来表示一种否定的结果,意为“太……以至于不能……”。
【举例】Suzy was too shy to join the discussion.苏茜很害羞,没能参加讨论。
2.当“too...to...”结构之前加了not, only, all, but , never等词时,“too...to...”结构的句子也无否定意义。此时too后的形容词多为表示心情的形容词,这些词加 too在意义上相当于very。
【举例】One is never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。
It's never too late to mend.亡羊补牢。
We are only too glad to go with her.我们非常乐意和她去。
Amy knew but too well to hold her tongue on that occasion.
埃米深知在那种场合少说为妙。
3.在“too...to..”结构中, to do前用not 加以否定,形成双重否定,此时“too... not to do...”表达的意思是“如此……是会…”或“如此……哪能不……”。
【举例】He was too angry not to blame her.他太生气,哪能不责难她。
Tom is too hard-working not to pass the exam.汤姆那么用功,哪有考不及格的道理。
enough to和 too...to...的联系
enough to结构和 too... to...结构可以互相转换。二者互相转换时,结构中的形容词要作相应的变化,即:enough前的形容词与too后的形容词互为反义词,同时把“be动词＋形容词＋enough to do sth.”的结构改为“be动词十not十形容词十enough to do sth.”,此时不仅否定了enough而且也否定其后的不定式。
【举例】Tom is too slow to catch the bus.
=Tom is not fast enough to catch the bus.汤姆太慢了,以至于没能赶上公共汽车。
The hall is too small to hold 100 persons.
=The hall is not big enough to hold 100 persons.这个大厅太小,不能容纳100个人。
【拓展】enough to、 too... to...和 so...that...
1.“主语＋谓语＋so＋形容词或副词＋that从句”,意为“……如此……以至于……”,其中 that引导的是目的状语。
Tom ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.
汤姆跑得太快了以至于我追不上他。
He was so angry that I dare not say a word.他如此生气,以至于我一个字也不敢说。
2. so...that...与enough to, too.. . to...之间的互换。
(1)当so that中主句和从句的主语一致,且 that从句是肯定时,可用enough to来转换。
The man was so strong that he could lift the heavy box easily.=The man was strong enough to lift the heavy box easily.这个人如此强壮,能够轻松地提起这个沉重的箱子。
(2)so that的主句和从句的主语不一致,且 that从句是肯定时,可用enough for sb. to do sth.来替换。
The question is so easy that I can work it out.
=The question is so easy enough for me to work it out.这个问题很简单,我能够回答。
(3)当so that中主句和从句的王语一致,且 that从句是否足句时,可用too...to...来转换。
The boy is so young that he can't travel alone.=The boy is too young to travel alone.
男孩太小了,不能独自旅行。
(4)so that的主句和从句的主语不一致,且 that从句是否定句时,如果要用too...to...来转换时,则要用介词for引出不定式的逻辑主语,即 too...for sb. to do sth来转换,注意不定式的宾语要省略。
The package is so heavy that we can not move it.=The package is too heavy for us to move.
行李太重了,我们搬不动。
根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
1. 他够幸运的了,第一次尝试就成功了。
He is lucky __________ __________ be successful in the first attempt.
2. 史密斯夫人太忙了,不能照顾她的小孩。
Mrs.Smith is __________ __________ __________ look after her children.
3. 对于我来说,那所房子太贵了,我买不起。
The house is__________ expensive __________ me__________.
4.我的小妹妹太小了不能照顾自己。
My little sister is after __________ __________ __________ __________ herself.
4. 你现在足够大了,可以学习礼仪了。
You're __________ __________ __________ __________about manners.
enough to
too busy to
too for to buy
too young to look
old enough to learn
按照要求进行同义句替换。
1.Mr. Black is too old to cook meal by himself.(用enough to替换)
Mr.Black is__________ __________ __________ __________cook meal by himself.
2.Tom didn't walk slowly enough to keep up with us.(（用too...to...替换)
Tom walked __________ __________ __________keep up with us.
3.The child is so young that he can’t put on his clothes.(用enough to替换）
The child isn’t __________ __________ __________ __________ on his clothes.
4.The girl isn’t tall enough to reach the orange on the table.(用too.. .to...替换)
The girl is __________ __________ __________ __________ the orange on the table.
5.The box was so dirty that they couldn't wash it clean.（用too... to...替换)
The box was __________ __________ __________ __________ to wash it clean.
not young enough to
too fast to
old enough to put
too short to reach
too dirty for them
用enough to, too... to...和so...that..进行句子转换。
1.She isn't strong enough to go walking up mountains.
She isn't__________ strong __________ she goes walking up mountains.
1. The light wasn't bright enough for me to read books.
The light was __________ weak __________ __________ __________read books.
2. The daughter was so busy that she didn't write to her parents.
The daughter was__________ __________ __________ __________ to her parents.
4.The kid wasn't old enough to walk home alone.
The kid was__________ __________ __________ __________ home alone.
5.The parking plot was too small to hold 100 cars.
The parking plot was__________ __________ __________ __________ __________100 cars.
so that
too for me to
too busy to write
too young to walk
not big enough to hold
看图作文的写作技巧
看图作文主要考查学生的观察能力和实际运用语言的能力，以文字和图画两种形式同时提供信息，我们不仅要“审”文，还要“审”图。只有根据文字和图画所提供的信息,进行综合考虑、立意选材,才能写出切合题意、主题鲜明的短文,写好看图作文,应从以下几个方面入手:
I.仔细审图,弄清图画内容。
审图就是充分理解图画大意,弄清人物在干什么,弄清人物之间的联系,弄清事情的开始、发展和结局。
Ⅱ.注意分清主次,避免“大杂烩”。
要注意观察画面和人物的主次,对于主要的人物和场景要详细描写:对于次要的(除了能衬托主题的可以略写一二以外)人物和场景,千万不要看见什么就写什么,否则,你的文章就是主次不分的“大杂烩”。
Ⅲ.抓住重点,揭示图画的中心含义。
写作时,必须围绕你所要阐述的主题,使人明白你写文章的意图,做到层次分明,条理清晰。写作时可以采取“化零为整”的方法,先把整个画面中该写的内容用单句逐一写下来,然后再把这些单句自然地连接起来,至于如何连接和需要添加哪些词语，应根据表达的需要来确定,运用此法可化难为易。
典例再现
假设你叫Jack,你有一个梦想(dream),你家在2010年会有一个叫 Superman(超人)的机器人,它不仅可以帮你做很多事情,还可以和你一起玩。请根据下面的图片,写出你的梦想。
I'm Jack. I have a dream.____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
写法指导
这是一道看图写作题。要做好这道题,应从以下几个方面入手:
1.仔细审图,确定文章的中心。
这五幅图反映出机器人可以做很多事情:①机器人在修车;②机器人在搬运东西;③机器人在踢足球;④机器人在玩电脑游戏;⑤机器人在打扫房间。
2.用英语写出要表达的内容。
在准确把握题目要求和理解图意的基础上,我们就可以把每幅图要表达的内容用单句写出来。如图①:The robot can mend the car.图②:The robot can carry the heavy box.图3:The robot can play football.图
④:The robot can play computer games.图⑤:The robot can clean the house.
3.组句成篇。
这时要注意句子的时态、上下句之间的联系及标点符号等。由所给提示可以判断,文章的时态主要是一般将来时。
答案：
I'm Jack.I have a dream.There will be a robot called Superman in my family in 2010. I think it will help dad repair car sand help me carry heavy boxes. I think it can play football well. I think it will play computer games with me，and I think it will also help mum clean the house.
学法应用
下面的三幅图画描绘了一位盲人和一个小孩儿相互帮助的情景。请根据图画内容和所给文字提示,用英文写一篇短文描述此事,并写出自己对此事的看法。
提示: 1.应包含图片所有内容; 2.80词左右。
参考词汇:拐杖walking stick香蕉皮banana skin
写法点津
这篇看图作文写得相当好,语言流畅,句型灵活,表达出了作者的思想,是一篇优秀的作文。
①点明文章的主题,开门见山。
②suddenly 用得好,表示事情的突然转移,情节发生了变化。
③help each other起扣题作用,本句提出了自己的意见和想法。
答案：
A blind man was walking slowly with a walking stick.DSuddenly2he heard a boy crying behind him.That boy fell on the ground because he stepped on a banana skin.The blind man turned to the boy and said，"Don't cry. Let me help you.”Then he helped the boy stand up and carried him on his back.The boy,in his turn，began to tell the blind man the way.They helped each other happily.
The story shows that all of us should help each other.
谢谢
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Unit 5 语法,作文复习
enough to 与too... to...的用法
enough to的构成及基本用法
l.enough to的完整结构为“……形容词/副词十enough( for sb. ) to do sth.”,常用来描述一个人的品质和能力。意为“足够……以至于能……”。
【举例】Daniel is kind enough to help his friend any time.丹尼尔很善良,他在任何时候都会帮助他的朋友。
2.若 enough前出现否定词,则不仅否定了enough,而且也否定其后的不定式。
【举例】He was not strong enough to do the work.他不够强壮,不能做这份工作。
too...to...的构成及基本用法
1. too... to...的完整结构为“be动词十too＋形容词/副词十to do sth.”,其中“to do”修饰“to十形容词/副词作为结果状语或进度状语,常用来表示一种否定的结果,意为“太……以至于不能……”。
【举例】Suzy was too shy to join the discussion.苏茜很害羞,没能参加讨论。
2.当“too...to...”结构之前加了not, only, all, but , never等词时,“too...to...”结构的句子也无否定意义。此时too后的形容词多为表示心情的形容词,这些词加 too在意义上相当于very。
【举例】One is never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。
It's never too late to mend.亡羊补牢。
We are only too glad to go with her.我们非常乐意和她去。
Amy knew but too well to hold her tongue on that occasion.
埃米深知在那种场合少说为妙。
3.在“too...to..”结构中, to do前用not 加以否定,形成双重否定,此时“too... not to do...”表达的意思是“如此……是会…”或“如此……哪能不……”。
【举例】He was too angry not to blame her.他太生气,哪能不责难她。
Tom is too hard-working not to pass the exam.汤姆那么用功,哪有考不及格的道理。
enough to和 too...to...的联系
enough to结构和 too... to...结构可以互相转换。二者互相转换时,结构中的形容词要作相应的变化,即:enough前的形容词与too后的形容词互为反义词,同时把“be动词＋形容词＋enough to do sth.”的结构改为“be动词十not十形容词十enough to do sth.”,此时不仅否定了enough而且也否定其后的不定式。
【举例】Tom is too slow to catch the bus.
=Tom is not fast enough to catch the bus.汤姆太慢了,以至于没能赶上公共汽车。
The hall is too small to hold 100 persons.
=The hall is not big enough to hold 100 persons.这个大厅太小,不能容纳100个人。
【拓展】enough to、 too... to...和 so...that...
1.“主语＋谓语＋so＋形容词或副词＋that从句”,意为“……如此……以至于……”,其中 that引导的是目的状语。
Tom ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.
汤姆跑得太快了以至于我追不上他。
He was so angry that I dare not say a word.他如此生气,以至于我一个字也不敢说。
2. so...that...与enough to, too.. . to...之间的互换。
(1)当so that中主句和从句的主语一致,且 that从句是肯定时,可用enough to来转换。
The man was so strong that he could lift the heavy box easily.=The man was strong enough to lift the heavy box easily.这个人如此强壮,能够轻松地提起这个沉重的箱子。
(2)so that的主句和从句的主语不一致,且 that从句是肯定时,可用enough for sb. to do sth.来替换。
The question is so easy that I can work it out.
=The question is so easy enough for me to work it out.这个问题很简单,我能够回答。
(3)当so that中主句和从句的王语一致,且 that从句是否足句时,可用too...to...来转换。
The boy is so young that he can't travel alone.=The boy is too young to travel alone.
男孩太小了,不能独自旅行。
(4)so that的主句和从句的主语不一致,且 that从句是否定句时,如果要用too...to...来转换时,则要用介词for引出不定式的逻辑主语,即 too...for sb. to do sth来转换,注意不定式的宾语要省略。
The package is so heavy that we can not move it.=The package is too heavy for us to move.
行李太重了,我们搬不动。
根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
他够幸运的了,第一次尝试就成功了。
He is lucky __________ __________ be successful in the first attempt.
史密斯夫人太忙了,不能照顾她的小孩。
Mrs.Smith is __________ __________ __________ look after her children.
对于我来说,那所房子太贵了,我买不起。
The house is__________ expensive __________ me__________.
4.我的小妹妹太小了不能照顾自己。
My little sister is after __________ __________ __________ __________ herself.
你现在足够大了,可以学习礼仪了。
You're __________ __________ __________ __________about manners.
按照要求进行同义句替换。
Mr. Black is too old to cook meal by himself.(用enough to替换)
Mr.Black is__________ __________ __________ __________cook meal by himself.
2.Tom didn't walk slowly enough to keep up with us.(（用too...to...替换)
Tom walked __________ slowly __________ keep up with us.
3.The child is so young that he can’t put on his clothes.(用enough to替换）
The child isn’t __________ __________ __________ __________ on his clothes.
The girl isn’t tall enough to reach the orange on the table.(用too.. .to...替换)
The girl is __________ __________ __________ __________ the orange on the table.
5.The box was so dirty that they couldn't wash it clean.（用too... to...替换)
The box was __________ __________ __________ __________ to wash it clean.
用enough to, too... to...和so...that..进行句子转换。
1.She isn't strong enough to go walking up mountains.
She isn't__________ strong __________ she goes walking up mountains.
The light wasn't bright enough for me to read books.
The light was __________ weak __________ __________ __________read books.
The daughter was so busy that she didn't write to her parents.
The daughter was__________ __________ __________ __________ to her parents.
4.The kid wasn't old enough to walk home alone.
The kid was__________ __________ __________ __________ home alone.
5.The parking plot was too small to hold 100 cars.
The parking plot was__________ __________ __________ __________ __________100 cars.
答案：
根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
1.enough to 2.too busy to 3.too; for; to buy4.too young to look 5.old enough to learn.
按照要求进行同义句替换。
1.not young enough to 2.too fast to 3.old enough to put 4. too short to reach5.too dirty for them
用enough to, too... to...和so...that..进行句子转换。
1. so; that 2.too; for me to 3. too busy to write 4. too young to walk 5.not big enough to hold
看图作文的写作技巧
看图作文主要考查学生的观察能力和实际运用语言的能力，以文字和图画两种形式同时提供信息，我们不仅要“审”文，还要“审”图。只有根据文字和图画所提供的信息,进行综合考虑、立意选材,才能写出切合题意、主题鲜明的短文,写好看图作文,应从以下几个方面入手:
I.仔细审图,弄清图画内容。
审图就是充分理解图画大意,弄清人物在干什么,弄清人物之间的联系,弄清事情的开始、发展和结局。
Ⅱ.注意分清主次,避免“大杂烩”。
要注意观察画面和人物的主次,对于主要的人物和场景要详细描写:对于次要的(除了能衬托主题的可以略写一二以外)人物和场景,千万不要看见什么就写什么,否则,你的文章就是主次不分的“大杂烩”。
Ⅲ.抓住重点,揭示图画的中心含义。
写作时,必须围绕你所要阐述的主题,使人明白你写文章的意图,做到层次分明,条理清晰。写作时可以采取“化零为整”的方法,先把整个画面中该写的内容用单句逐一写下来,然后再把这些单句自然地连接起来,至于如何连接和需要添加哪些词语，应根据表达的需要来确定,运用此法可化难为易。
典例再现
假设你叫Jack,你有一个梦想(dream),你家在2010年会有一个叫 Superman(超人)的机器人,它不仅可以帮你做很多事情,还可以和你一起玩。请根据下面的图片,写出你的梦想。
I'm Jack. I have a dream.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
写法指导
这是一道看图写作题。要做好这道题,应从以下几个方面入手:
1.仔细审图,确定文章的中心。
这五幅图反映出机器人可以做很多事情:①机器人在修车;②机器人在搬运东西;③机器人在踢足球;④机器人在玩电脑游戏;⑤机器人在打扫房间。
2.用英语写出要表达的内容。
在准确把握题目要求和理解图意的基础上,我们就可以把每幅图要表达的内容用单句写出来。如图①:The robot can mend the car.图②:The robot can carry the heavy box.图3:The robot can play football.图
④:The robot can play computer games.图⑤:The robot can clean the house.
3.组句成篇。
这时要注意句子的时态、上下句之间的联系及标点符号等。由所给提示可以判断,文章的时态主要是一般将来时。
答案：
I'm Jack.I have a dream.There will be a robot called Superman in my family in 2010. I think it will help dad repair car sand help me carry heavy boxes. I think it can play football well. I think it will play computer games with me，and I think it will also help mum clean the house.
学法应用
下面的三幅图画描绘了一位盲人和一个小孩儿相互帮助的情景。请根据图画内容和所给文字提示,用英文写一篇短文描述此事,并写出自己对此事的看法。
提示: 1.应包含图片所有内容; 2.80词左右。
参考词汇:拐杖walking stick香蕉皮banana skin
写法点津
这篇看图作文写得相当好,语言流畅,句型灵活,表达出了作者的思想,是一篇优秀的作文。
①点明文章的主题,开门见山。
suddenly 用得好,表示事情的突然转移,情节发生了变化。③help each other起扣题作用,本句提出了自己的意见和想法。
答案：
A blind man was walking slowly with a walking stick.DSuddenly2he heard a boy crying behind him.That boy fell on the ground because he stepped on a banana skin.The blind man turned to the boy and said，"Don't cry. Let me help you.”Then he helped the boy stand up and carried him on his back.The boy,in his turn，began to tell the blind man the way.They helped each other happily.
The story shows that all of us should help each other.
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