高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册Unit 8 green living 同步基础能力提升测试
一、单词拼写
1．Of the two plans, I prefer the (前者).
【答案】former
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：在这两个方案中，我更喜欢前者。此处名词作宾语，故填former。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
2．He has (提议) a get-together this weekend.
【答案】proposed
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意： 他提议这个周末举行一个聚会。根据句意和空前的助动词has，可知谓语动词用现在完成时，故填proposed。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及现在完成时。
3．He is living now in his mother's home (县).
【答案】county
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：他现在住在他母亲的家乡。此处名词作介词宾语，结合汉语提示，可知用单数形式，故填county。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
4．The company made a healthy (利润) on the deal.
【答案】profit
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：公司从这笔交易中获利颇丰。此处名词作宾语，不定冠词a后接单数名词，故填profit。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
5．His (决心) to do well made him keep on studying.
【答案】determination
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：他想做好的决心使他不断地学习。此处名词作主语，determination“决心”，不可数名词，故填determination。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
6．The doctors told my wife I had a fifty-fifty chance of (幸存).
【答案】survival
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：医生告诉我妻子，我有一半的生存机会。此名词作介词宾语，survival“幸存”，不可数名词，故填survival。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
7．There's still a (微小的) chance that he may become president.
【答案】slim
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：他成为总统的机会很渺茫。此处形容词修饰名词chance作定语，a slim chance固定短语，“机会渺茫，机会很小”，故填slim。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语，以及固定短语a slim chance。
8．I strongly suspect that most (普通的) people would agree with me.
【答案】ordinary
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：我强烈怀疑大多数普通人会同意我的观点。此处形容词修饰名词people ,作定语，故填ordinary。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
9．Observe carefully if any change (发生) when doing experiments in the lab.
【答案】occurs
【知识点】一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：在实验室做实验时，仔细观察是否有任何变化。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是any change，属于第三人称单数，故填occurs。
【点评】考查时态和主谓一致，本题涉及一般现在时和第三人称单数。
10．Tom was a lazy boy. He just passed the exam and was (满意的) with the marks he got.
【答案】contented
【知识点】固定短语；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：汤姆是个懒惰的孩子，他刚通过考试，对自己的成绩很满意。 be contented with，固定短语，“对......感到满意”，故填contented。
【点评】考查形容词，以及固定短语be contented with。
11．Mother watched her son's car until it (消失) from view.
【答案】disappeared
【知识点】一般过去时；单词拼写
【解析】【分析】句意：母亲看着儿子的车，直到看不见为止。"消失"是disappear，根据句意和句中的谓语动词watched，可知"汽车消失在视野中"发生在过去，应使用一般过去时态，故答案为disappeared。
【点评】考查谓语动词，注意动词的时态。
12．
There is no (车辆停放)
here between 9 am and 6 pm.
【答案】parking
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：上午9时至下午6时禁止停放机动车辆。此处动名词作主语，故填parking。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作主语。
13．
You should keep the ticket, because it is checked at the (目的地).
【答案】destination
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：你应该保留这张票，因为到达目的地后是要检票的，此处名词作介词宾语，故填destination。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
14．
We do not have enough money. (因此) we
cannot afford to buy the new car.
【答案】Therefore
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们没有足够的钱，所以我们买不起新车。此处副词表示因果关系，故填Therefore。
【点评】考查副词，掌握therefore的用法。
15．
The crowd moved aside to make a (小道)
for them.
【答案】path
【知识点】固定短语；可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：人群向一边移动，为他们让路。make a path for固定短语，”为......让路"，故填path。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语make a path for。
二、单句语法填空
16．
He proposed (build) a bridge across this
river.
【答案】building
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：他提议在这条河上建一座桥。propose doing固定短语，“建议做......”，动名词作宾语，故填building。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作宾语以及固定短语propose doing。
17．
Various (propose) were put forward by the
employees for increasing sales.
【答案】proposals
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：员工们提出了各种提高销售额的建议。此处名词作宾语，根据谓语动词were ,可知用名词复数，故填proposals。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
18．
Her (survive) is a miracle
considering the big fire.
【答案】survival
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：考虑到那场大火，她能活下来是个奇迹。此处名词作主语，根据谓语动词is，可知用单数，故填survival。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
19．
Workers built shelters for (survive) whose homes had been
destroyed.
【答案】survivors
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：工人们为家园被毁的幸存者建造庇护所。此处名词作介词宾语，结合句意可知应用复数形式，故填survivors。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
20．
The night before the test I (overcome) by fear and despair.
【答案】was overcome
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：考试前一晚，我被恐惧和绝望征服了。此空是谓语动词，主语the test与overcome是动宾关系，应用被动语态，再结合时间状语the night before，可知应用一般过去时，故填was overcome。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态。
21．I wanted my kids to have (determine) and strength of mind.
【答案】determination
【知识点】普通名词；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：我希望我的孩子们有决心和坚强的意志。根据常见结构"动宾结构"，可知句中的动词have后应接名词作宾语，故答案为determination。
【点评】考查名词，利用"动宾结构"确定所需词性。
22．
What are you going to talk about in your (present)
【答案】presentation
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：你的演讲要讲什么？此处名词作介词宾语，presentation”演讲，演示“，不可数名词，故填presentation。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
23．Although there seemed only a slim chance she could get the job, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.
【答案】that
【知识点】同位语从句；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：尽管她得到那份工作的机会似乎很小，但困难并没有阻止她去尝试。分析句子意思，可知空格后的"she could get the job她得到那份工作"补充说明了空给前的"chance机会"，是chance的具体内容，属同位语从句；空格后成分完整且无特殊疑问意义，故答案为that。
【点评】考查语法填空，that是名词性从句中唯一一个没有特殊疑问意义的连接词。
三、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式完成句子
用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式完成句子
poster; former; profit; region; quote; ordinary; headstone; agriculture; occur to; determination; work through
24．He put up a on the notice board.
25．They carried out the plan with great .
26．It was an lunch of soup and a sandwich.
27．How did she her sadness after her son's death
28．I guess there are fewer people in the Arctic than here.
29．Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that him.
30．The number of people employed in has fallen in the last decade.
31．I would like to share with you a couple of written on the .
32．The big oil companies have made good following the rise in oil prices.
33．He had to choose between giving up his job and giving up his principles. He chose the .
【答案】24．poster
25．determination
26．ordinary
27．work through
28．regions
29．occurred to
30．agriculture
31．quotes；headstone
32．profit(s)
33．former
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】poster海报； former前者； profit利润； region区域； quote引用语； ordinary普通的； headstone墓碑上；agriculture农业； occur to发生； determination决心；work through通过。
【点评】考查单词在语境中的运用，需根据单词在语境中的词性进行必要的变形，同时熟记固定单配和基本句型。
24．句意：他在布告栏上贴了一张海报。根据空格后的“the notice board布告栏”，结合所给单词，可知“poster海报”符合语境，且根据空格前的不定冠词a，可知应使用单数名词，故填poster。
25．句意：他们以极大的决心执行计划。根据空格前的“carried out the plan执行计划”，结合所给单词，可知“with determination有决心地”符合题意，故填determination。
26．句意：这是一顿普通的午餐，只有汤和三明治。根据空格前的不定冠词an，可知空格处需要一个以元音音素开头的单词，结合选项，只有ordinary和agriculture符合这一要求；另外，根据“冠词+形容词+名词”这一常见结构，可知空格处应使用形容词形式，故填ordinary。
27．句意：儿子死后，她是如何克服悲伤情绪的？分析句子结构，可知空格处缺少谓语动词的动词原形，结合句意，可知“work through克服”符合句意，是上下文衔接，故填work through。
28．句意：我猜北极地区的人比这里少。根据空格前的the Arctic，并结合所给单词，可知空格处应是指“北极地区the Arctic region”，故填region。
29．句意：拉尔夫·w·爱默生总是把他想到的新想法记录下来。根据空格前的谓语动词would set down（过去将来时态），可知that引导的定语从句中缺少一般过去时态的谓语动词；结合所给单词，“occur to sb”意“某人想到”，符合语境，故填occurred to。
30．句意：在过去十年里，从事农业的人数有所下降。根据常见结构“动宾结构”，可知空格处缺少名词，结合所给单词，“agriculture农业”符合题意要求，故填agriculture。
31．句意：我想和大家分享几句写在墓碑上的话。根据第一空格前的a couple of（意“一些”）和第二空格前的定冠词the，可知两个空格处都应使用名词，且第一空格处应使用复数名词；根据句意，结合所给单词，填入“quotes引用语”和“headstone墓碑”能使句意完整，故填quotes，headstone。
32．句意：石油价格上涨后，大石油公司赚了不少钱。根据空格后的“the rise in oil prices石油价格上涨”，可知石油公司“盈利profit”；profit可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，故填profit(s)。
33．句意：他不得不在放弃工作和放弃原则之间做出选择。他选择了前者。前句中的“between giving up his job and giving up his principles在放弃工作和放弃原则之间”是两个选项，根据句意，结合所给单词，可知此处是选择了“前者former”，故填former。
四、完成句子
34．
你是怎样把身材保持得这么苗条的
How
do you manage to
【答案】stay so slim
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“保持得这么苗条的”, 是系表结构，“stay so slim”；manage to do固定短语，“设法做......”，此处不定式作宾语，故答案为：stay so slim。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作宾语。
35．
约翰学习不够努力，不过尚有及格的可能。
John
hasn't worked hard enough, but there is still that he will pass his
examination.
【答案】a slim chance
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“尚有......的可能” , 固定短语，“a slim chance ”在there be结构中作主语，故答案为：a slim chance 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语a slim chance。
36．
人口出生率最高的欧洲国家是爱尔兰。
The
European country with the highest is Ireland.
【答案】birth rate
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“出生率” , 固定短语，“birth rate”，作介词with宾语，故答案为：birth rate。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语birth rate。
37．
这一切更增强了我竭尽全力与疾病斗争的决心。
All
this to try in every way to
fight against the disease.
【答案】increased my determination
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“增强决心”，固定短语， “increase one's determination”，结合句意可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故答案为；increased my determination.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时以及固定短语increase one's determination。
38．那个机会和他的辛勤工作使他的梦想成真。
The opportunity and his hard work .
【答案】made his dream come true
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“使梦想成真”，固定短语，“make one's dream come true”，,结合句意谓语动词用一般过去时，故答案为：made his dream come true。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时以及固定短语make one's dream come true。
39．
莫莉克服了对飞行的恐惧。
Molly
had fought and of flying.
【答案】overcome her fear
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“克服对.......的恐惧” , 固定短语，“overcome one's fear of”，与had fought 并列，用过去完成时，故答案为：overcome her fear。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及过去完成时以及固定短语overcome one's fear of。
40．
这篇文章以一首诗中的一句话开始。
The
article starts with .
【答案】a quote from a poem
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“以一首诗中的一句话” ，应用with短语作状语，with后跟名词短语，故答案为：a quote from a poem。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及介词短语作状语和名词做介词宾语。
五、课文语篇填空
课文语篇填空
Amsterdam is a good city for cycling and people in Amsterdam have been enjoying the 41． (benefit) of cycling for years. The idea began about 50 years ago, and was first known 42． "white bikes". Some people even call Amsterdam "the City of Bicycles".
In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with 43． idea. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas around Amsterdam for people to use. Soon after, however, problems came up and the "white bikes" all disappeared — thieves 44． (steal) them all in a matter of weeks!
In 1999, the "white bikes" returned to Amsterdam — this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! To take a bicycle, you had to put in a special card. The new "white bikes" were not actually white but painted in bright colours. The bikes 45． (park) at special parking places. Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people, you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in 46． (centre) Amsterdam.
Nowadays, the idea of "white bikes" 47． (pedal) its way around the world, including China 48． more and more cities have their own "white bike" programmes. Both the locals and tourists like to use 49． (share) bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way 50． (save) energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.
【答案】41．benefits；42．as；43．an；44．stole；45．were parked；46．central；47．has pedalled；48．where；49．shared；50．to save
【知识点】说明文；语法填空；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了共享自行车这一理念的前世今生。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及名词、介词、冠词、一般过去时态、形容词、被动语态、现在完成时态、定语从句、过去分词、动词不定式等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：阿姆斯特丹是一个适合骑自行车的城市，多年来，阿姆斯特丹人一直在享受骑自行车的好处。根据常见结构"冠词+（形容词）+名词"，可知空格处应使用名词；根据句意，骑自行车的好处不止一个，所以应使用名词的复数形式，故填benefits。
42．句意：这种想法始于大约50年前，最初被称为"白色自行车"。"be known as"是固定短语，意"作为……（身份）而出名"，as当介词用时，后接表示身份的名词，故填as。
43．句意：在20世纪60年代，一群自行车爱好者想出了这个主意。本段介绍了"white bikes"的起源，空格后的idea指的是下文提到的" The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas around Amsterdam for people to use 这群人将数百辆自行车涂成白色，放置在阿姆斯特丹的许多地区供人们使用"，首次提到了这个idea，且idea是元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
44．句意：然而，不久之后，问题出现了，"白色自行车"都不见了——小偷在几周内就把它们全偷走了！根据空格前的disappeared（一般过去时），可知空格处的"小偷偷走自行车"也是发生在过去，应使用一般过去时态，故填stole。
45．句意：自行车被停在专门的停车位。空格处的谓语动词"park停放"与主语the bikes是被动关系，且这是描述1999年的事情，所以应使用一般过去时态的被动语态，故填were parked。
46．句意：由于许多人的想法和努力，您现在可以在阿姆斯特丹市中心享受清洁的空气和便捷的交通。根据空格后的Amsterdam（名词），可知空格处应使用形容词修饰该名词，故填central。
47．句意：如今，"白色自行车"的理念已经风靡全球，包括中国，越来越多的城市都有了自己的"白色自行车"计划。根据句意和时间状语"Nowadays如今"，可知这一理念从过去开始到现在，已经风靡全球，所以应使用现在完成时态，故填has pedalled。
48．句意：如今，"白色自行车"的理念已经风靡全球，包括中国，越来越多的城市都有了自己的"白色自行车"计划。空格后句意和语法结构都完整，所以定语从句应使用关系副词来引导，先行词China表地点，故填where。
49．句意：当地人和游客都喜欢使用共享单车，因为共享单车是一种廉价而简单的方式，可以节省能源，减少空气和噪音污染，并享受在城市锻炼的好处。"shared bike"是固定短语，意"共享自行车"，属过去分词作定语，与被修饰的名词构成被动关系，即"被分享的自行车"，故填shared。
50．句意：当地人和游客都喜欢使用共享单车，因为共享单车是一种廉价而简单的方式，可以节省能源，减少空气和噪音污染，并享受在城市锻炼的好处。根据句意，"节省能源，减少空气和噪音污染，并享受在城市锻炼的好处"是共享自行车的目的，属于动词不定式作目的状语的用法，故填to save。
六、阅读理解
阅读理解
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was "Beat Plastic Pollution". It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won't be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.
51．Why is World Environment Day set up
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D．To encourage people to plan the earth's future.
52．What do people do on World Environment Day
A．Decide a host city. B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas. D．Show some plastic products.
53．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word "disposable" in paragraph 3
A．High-cost. B．Poor-quality. C．Second-hand. D．Single-use.
54．What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
【答案】51．B
52．C
53．D
54．A
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况, 呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、主旨题和词义猜测题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
51．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe... our planet is safe”，可知 世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。
52．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others在这里任何关心环境的人都可以与他人谈论环境话题”以及末句“Environmentalists, academics and scientists... concerning the environment环保主义者、学者和科学家……关于环境”，可知人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。
53．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”，可知2018年的主题是"塑战速决"；再结合划线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags它敦促人们探索并选择纸袋或布袋等可支持的替代品”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste这占了所有垃圾的10%”，可知，画线单词意为“一次性的” ，故选D。
54．段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日， 所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它？所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(Every bit of effort counts. )，故选A。
阅读理解
China
is a land of bicycles. At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the
country. Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle. Millions of them,
all black. Cars were rare. Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, I've
found the opposite is true. There are millions of cars. However, people still
use their bicycles to get around. For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way
to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colors—silver, green, red,
blue, yellow, whatever you want.
It's
fun watching people biking. They rush quickly through crossroads, move
skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks (人行道). Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just
can't provide. Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to
buy a bicycle. Great weather accompanied my great buy. I immediately jumped up
on my bicycle seat and headed towards home.
My
first ride home was orderly (守秩序的). To be
safe, I stayed with a "pack" of bikers while cars on the streets came
running swiftly out of nowhere at times. I didn't want to get hit. So I took
the ride carefully.
Crossing
the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway
back in the United States. The streets here were wide, so crossing took time,
skill and a little bit of luck.
I
finally made it home. The feeling on the bicycle was amazing. The air hitting
my face and going through my hair was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the
world as I passed by places and people. Biking made me feel alive.
55．According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today
A．Because they are traditional and safe.
B．Because they are convenient and inexpensive.
C．Because they are colorful and available.
D．Because they are fast and environment friendly.
56．The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended .
A．to ride it for fun B．to use it for transport
C．to experience local culture D．to improve his riding skills
57．How did the author feel about his street crossing
A．It was boring. B．It was difficult.
C．It was lively. D．It was wonderful.
58．Which of the following best describes the author's biking experience
A．The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.
B．The author was annoyed by the air while riding.
C．The author was praised by the other bikers.
D．The author took great pleasure in biking.
【答案】55．B
56．C
57．B
58．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，中国在过去是自行车的王国，而现在仍然有很多人喜欢骑自行车出行，因为这种交通方式方便，省钱，为了融入这种文化，作者也买了一辆自行车，但是在回家途中，发现骑车过街是最大的问题，需要时间，技巧和一点儿运气，但是骑行经历让作者觉得很愉快，很有趣。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
55．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today. ”对许多人来说，这是最简单和最便宜的旅行方式，可知，自行车如今仍然很受欢迎，是因为它
的便捷和经济。故选B。
56．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle. ”渴望成为中国文化这一方面的一部分，我决定买一辆自行车。可知，作者购买自行车是因为迫切地想融入中国的这种文化之中，故选C。
57．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“Crossing the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States. The streets here were wide, so crossing took time, skill and a little bit of luck.”可知，骑车过街是最大的问题，需要时间、技巧和运
气，因此作者认为骑车过街非常困难。故选B。
58．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people. Biking made me feel alive.”空气吹拂脸颊和头发的感觉很美妙,骑行时就像坐在了世界的顶端，骑自行车使作者觉得充满了活力。可推断，作者觉得骑自行车很有乐趣，故选D。
七、语法填空
语法填空
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 59． (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 60． (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 61． (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 62． the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 63． growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 64． trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
Minimize the impact of 65． (visit) the place.
Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
Provide 66． (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 67． (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 68． (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】59．educated；60．development；61．its；62．until；63．the；64．of；65．visiting；66．financial；67．Activities；68．to have
【知识点】说明文；语法填空；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生态旅游的概念以及生态旅游应遵循的原则。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及过去分词、名词、形容词性物主代词、连词、冠词、介词、V-ing形式、形容词、名词和动词不定式等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
59．句意：它与传统旅游不同，因为它会对旅行者对该地区进行教育。分析句子成分，可知所填的词作become的表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed形式表示被动，故答案为educated。
60．句意：并且经常为当地的环境保护和发展提供资金。根据空格前面的定冠词the，可知所填的词是名词形式，故答案为development。
61．句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。分析句子成分可知, 所填的词修饰名词origin做定语，所以用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为its。
62．句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游概念。分析句子结构并结合前面的not，可知本句是not... until... 结构，意"直到……才……"，故答案为until。
63．句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种类型的旅行现在都被归类为生态旅游。 所填的词位于名词的前面，且名词后有of短语做定语，因此该名词是特指，所以用定冠词，故答案为the。
64．句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种类型的旅行现在都被归类为生态旅游。various types of... 是固定短语，意"各种各样的……"，故答案为of。
65．句意：尽量减少参观的影响。所给的词是动词且位于介词后，所以应使用动词-ing形式作宾语，故答案为visiting。
66．句意：为当地人民提供经济援助和其他福利。所填的词修饰名词aid，所以应使用形容词修饰名词，故答案为financial。
67．句意：那里的活动从赏鲸到徒步旅行，住宿都旨在对自然环境产生低影响。所给单词是名词, 结合句子的谓语动词range（复数形式），可知该名词要用其复数形式，故答案为Activities。
68．句意：那里的活动从赏鲸到徒步旅行，住宿都旨在对自然环境产生低影响。aim to do sth是固定短语，意"旨在做某事"，故答案为to have。
1 / 1高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册Unit 8 green living 同步基础能力提升测试
一、单词拼写
1．Of the two plans, I prefer the (前者).
2．He has (提议) a get-together this weekend.
3．He is living now in his mother's home (县).
4．The company made a healthy (利润) on the deal.
5．His (决心) to do well made him keep on studying.
6．The doctors told my wife I had a fifty-fifty chance of (幸存).
7．There's still a (微小的) chance that he may become president.
8．I strongly suspect that most (普通的) people would agree with me.
9．Observe carefully if any change (发生) when doing experiments in the lab.
10．Tom was a lazy boy. He just passed the exam and was (满意的) with the marks he got.
11．Mother watched her son's car until it (消失) from view.
12．
There is no (车辆停放)
here between 9 am and 6 pm.
13．
You should keep the ticket, because it is checked at the (目的地).
14．
We do not have enough money. (因此) we
cannot afford to buy the new car.
15．
The crowd moved aside to make a (小道)
for them.
二、单句语法填空
16．
He proposed (build) a bridge across this
river.
17．
Various (propose) were put forward by the
employees for increasing sales.
18．
Her (survive) is a miracle
considering the big fire.
19．
Workers built shelters for (survive) whose homes had been
destroyed.
20．
The night before the test I (overcome) by fear and despair.
21．I wanted my kids to have (determine) and strength of mind.
22．
What are you going to talk about in your (present)
23．Although there seemed only a slim chance she could get the job, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.
三、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式完成句子
用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式完成句子
poster; former; profit; region; quote; ordinary; headstone; agriculture; occur to; determination; work through
24．He put up a on the notice board.
25．They carried out the plan with great .
26．It was an lunch of soup and a sandwich.
27．How did she her sadness after her son's death
28．I guess there are fewer people in the Arctic than here.
29．Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that him.
30．The number of people employed in has fallen in the last decade.
31．I would like to share with you a couple of written on the .
32．The big oil companies have made good following the rise in oil prices.
33．He had to choose between giving up his job and giving up his principles. He chose the .
四、完成句子
34．
你是怎样把身材保持得这么苗条的
How
do you manage to
35．
约翰学习不够努力，不过尚有及格的可能。
John
hasn't worked hard enough, but there is still that he will pass his
examination.
36．
人口出生率最高的欧洲国家是爱尔兰。
The
European country with the highest is Ireland.
37．
这一切更增强了我竭尽全力与疾病斗争的决心。
All
this to try in every way to
fight against the disease.
38．那个机会和他的辛勤工作使他的梦想成真。
The opportunity and his hard work .
39．
莫莉克服了对飞行的恐惧。
Molly
had fought and of flying.
40．
这篇文章以一首诗中的一句话开始。
The
article starts with .
五、课文语篇填空
课文语篇填空
Amsterdam is a good city for cycling and people in Amsterdam have been enjoying the 41． (benefit) of cycling for years. The idea began about 50 years ago, and was first known 42． "white bikes". Some people even call Amsterdam "the City of Bicycles".
In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with 43． idea. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas around Amsterdam for people to use. Soon after, however, problems came up and the "white bikes" all disappeared — thieves 44． (steal) them all in a matter of weeks!
In 1999, the "white bikes" returned to Amsterdam — this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! To take a bicycle, you had to put in a special card. The new "white bikes" were not actually white but painted in bright colours. The bikes 45． (park) at special parking places. Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people, you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in 46． (centre) Amsterdam.
Nowadays, the idea of "white bikes" 47． (pedal) its way around the world, including China 48． more and more cities have their own "white bike" programmes. Both the locals and tourists like to use 49． (share) bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way 50． (save) energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.
六、阅读理解
阅读理解
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was "Beat Plastic Pollution". It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won't be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.
51．Why is World Environment Day set up
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D．To encourage people to plan the earth's future.
52．What do people do on World Environment Day
A．Decide a host city. B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas. D．Show some plastic products.
53．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word "disposable" in paragraph 3
A．High-cost. B．Poor-quality. C．Second-hand. D．Single-use.
54．What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
阅读理解
China
is a land of bicycles. At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the
country. Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle. Millions of them,
all black. Cars were rare. Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, I've
found the opposite is true. There are millions of cars. However, people still
use their bicycles to get around. For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way
to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colors—silver, green, red,
blue, yellow, whatever you want.
It's
fun watching people biking. They rush quickly through crossroads, move
skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks (人行道). Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just
can't provide. Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to
buy a bicycle. Great weather accompanied my great buy. I immediately jumped up
on my bicycle seat and headed towards home.
My
first ride home was orderly (守秩序的). To be
safe, I stayed with a "pack" of bikers while cars on the streets came
running swiftly out of nowhere at times. I didn't want to get hit. So I took
the ride carefully.
Crossing
the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway
back in the United States. The streets here were wide, so crossing took time,
skill and a little bit of luck.
I
finally made it home. The feeling on the bicycle was amazing. The air hitting
my face and going through my hair was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the
world as I passed by places and people. Biking made me feel alive.
55．According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today
A．Because they are traditional and safe.
B．Because they are convenient and inexpensive.
C．Because they are colorful and available.
D．Because they are fast and environment friendly.
56．The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended .
A．to ride it for fun B．to use it for transport
C．to experience local culture D．to improve his riding skills
57．How did the author feel about his street crossing
A．It was boring. B．It was difficult.
C．It was lively. D．It was wonderful.
58．Which of the following best describes the author's biking experience
A．The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.
B．The author was annoyed by the air while riding.
C．The author was praised by the other bikers.
D．The author took great pleasure in biking.
七、语法填空
语法填空
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 59． (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 60． (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 61． (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 62． the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 63． growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 64． trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
Minimize the impact of 65． (visit) the place.
Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
Provide 66． (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 67． (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 68． (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】former
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：在这两个方案中，我更喜欢前者。此处名词作宾语，故填former。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
2．【答案】proposed
【知识点】现在完成时
【解析】【分析】句意： 他提议这个周末举行一个聚会。根据句意和空前的助动词has，可知谓语动词用现在完成时，故填proposed。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及现在完成时。
3．【答案】county
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：他现在住在他母亲的家乡。此处名词作介词宾语，结合汉语提示，可知用单数形式，故填county。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
4．【答案】profit
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：公司从这笔交易中获利颇丰。此处名词作宾语，不定冠词a后接单数名词，故填profit。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
5．【答案】determination
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：他想做好的决心使他不断地学习。此处名词作主语，determination“决心”，不可数名词，故填determination。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
6．【答案】survival
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：医生告诉我妻子，我有一半的生存机会。此名词作介词宾语，survival“幸存”，不可数名词，故填survival。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
7．【答案】slim
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：他成为总统的机会很渺茫。此处形容词修饰名词chance作定语，a slim chance固定短语，“机会渺茫，机会很小”，故填slim。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语，以及固定短语a slim chance。
8．【答案】ordinary
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：我强烈怀疑大多数普通人会同意我的观点。此处形容词修饰名词people ,作定语，故填ordinary。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
9．【答案】occurs
【知识点】一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：在实验室做实验时，仔细观察是否有任何变化。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是any change，属于第三人称单数，故填occurs。
【点评】考查时态和主谓一致，本题涉及一般现在时和第三人称单数。
10．【答案】contented
【知识点】固定短语；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：汤姆是个懒惰的孩子，他刚通过考试，对自己的成绩很满意。 be contented with，固定短语，“对......感到满意”，故填contented。
【点评】考查形容词，以及固定短语be contented with。
11．【答案】disappeared
【知识点】一般过去时；单词拼写
【解析】【分析】句意：母亲看着儿子的车，直到看不见为止。"消失"是disappear，根据句意和句中的谓语动词watched，可知"汽车消失在视野中"发生在过去，应使用一般过去时态，故答案为disappeared。
【点评】考查谓语动词，注意动词的时态。
12．【答案】parking
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：上午9时至下午6时禁止停放机动车辆。此处动名词作主语，故填parking。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作主语。
13．【答案】destination
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：你应该保留这张票，因为到达目的地后是要检票的，此处名词作介词宾语，故填destination。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
14．【答案】Therefore
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们没有足够的钱，所以我们买不起新车。此处副词表示因果关系，故填Therefore。
【点评】考查副词，掌握therefore的用法。
15．【答案】path
【知识点】固定短语；可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：人群向一边移动，为他们让路。make a path for固定短语，”为......让路"，故填path。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语make a path for。
16．【答案】building
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：他提议在这条河上建一座桥。propose doing固定短语，“建议做......”，动名词作宾语，故填building。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作宾语以及固定短语propose doing。
17．【答案】proposals
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：员工们提出了各种提高销售额的建议。此处名词作宾语，根据谓语动词were ,可知用名词复数，故填proposals。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
18．【答案】survival
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：考虑到那场大火，她能活下来是个奇迹。此处名词作主语，根据谓语动词is，可知用单数，故填survival。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
19．【答案】survivors
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：工人们为家园被毁的幸存者建造庇护所。此处名词作介词宾语，结合句意可知应用复数形式，故填survivors。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
20．【答案】was overcome
【知识点】动词的语态；一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：考试前一晚，我被恐惧和绝望征服了。此空是谓语动词，主语the test与overcome是动宾关系，应用被动语态，再结合时间状语the night before，可知应用一般过去时，故填was overcome。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态。
21．【答案】determination
【知识点】普通名词；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：我希望我的孩子们有决心和坚强的意志。根据常见结构"动宾结构"，可知句中的动词have后应接名词作宾语，故答案为determination。
【点评】考查名词，利用"动宾结构"确定所需词性。
22．【答案】presentation
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：你的演讲要讲什么？此处名词作介词宾语，presentation”演讲，演示“，不可数名词，故填presentation。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
23．【答案】that
【知识点】同位语从句；语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意：尽管她得到那份工作的机会似乎很小，但困难并没有阻止她去尝试。分析句子意思，可知空格后的"she could get the job她得到那份工作"补充说明了空给前的"chance机会"，是chance的具体内容，属同位语从句；空格后成分完整且无特殊疑问意义，故答案为that。
【点评】考查语法填空，that是名词性从句中唯一一个没有特殊疑问意义的连接词。
【答案】24．poster
25．determination
26．ordinary
27．work through
28．regions
29．occurred to
30．agriculture
31．quotes；headstone
32．profit(s)
33．former
【知识点】选词填空
【解析】【分析】poster海报； former前者； profit利润； region区域； quote引用语； ordinary普通的； headstone墓碑上；agriculture农业； occur to发生； determination决心；work through通过。
【点评】考查单词在语境中的运用，需根据单词在语境中的词性进行必要的变形，同时熟记固定单配和基本句型。
24．句意：他在布告栏上贴了一张海报。根据空格后的“the notice board布告栏”，结合所给单词，可知“poster海报”符合语境，且根据空格前的不定冠词a，可知应使用单数名词，故填poster。
25．句意：他们以极大的决心执行计划。根据空格前的“carried out the plan执行计划”，结合所给单词，可知“with determination有决心地”符合题意，故填determination。
26．句意：这是一顿普通的午餐，只有汤和三明治。根据空格前的不定冠词an，可知空格处需要一个以元音音素开头的单词，结合选项，只有ordinary和agriculture符合这一要求；另外，根据“冠词+形容词+名词”这一常见结构，可知空格处应使用形容词形式，故填ordinary。
27．句意：儿子死后，她是如何克服悲伤情绪的？分析句子结构，可知空格处缺少谓语动词的动词原形，结合句意，可知“work through克服”符合句意，是上下文衔接，故填work through。
28．句意：我猜北极地区的人比这里少。根据空格前的the Arctic，并结合所给单词，可知空格处应是指“北极地区the Arctic region”，故填region。
29．句意：拉尔夫·w·爱默生总是把他想到的新想法记录下来。根据空格前的谓语动词would set down（过去将来时态），可知that引导的定语从句中缺少一般过去时态的谓语动词；结合所给单词，“occur to sb”意“某人想到”，符合语境，故填occurred to。
30．句意：在过去十年里，从事农业的人数有所下降。根据常见结构“动宾结构”，可知空格处缺少名词，结合所给单词，“agriculture农业”符合题意要求，故填agriculture。
31．句意：我想和大家分享几句写在墓碑上的话。根据第一空格前的a couple of（意“一些”）和第二空格前的定冠词the，可知两个空格处都应使用名词，且第一空格处应使用复数名词；根据句意，结合所给单词，填入“quotes引用语”和“headstone墓碑”能使句意完整，故填quotes，headstone。
32．句意：石油价格上涨后，大石油公司赚了不少钱。根据空格后的“the rise in oil prices石油价格上涨”，可知石油公司“盈利profit”；profit可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，故填profit(s)。
33．句意：他不得不在放弃工作和放弃原则之间做出选择。他选择了前者。前句中的“between giving up his job and giving up his principles在放弃工作和放弃原则之间”是两个选项，根据句意，结合所给单词，可知此处是选择了“前者former”，故填former。
34．【答案】stay so slim
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“保持得这么苗条的”, 是系表结构，“stay so slim”；manage to do固定短语，“设法做......”，此处不定式作宾语，故答案为：stay so slim。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及不定式作宾语。
35．【答案】a slim chance
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“尚有......的可能” , 固定短语，“a slim chance ”在there be结构中作主语，故答案为：a slim chance 。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语a slim chance。
36．【答案】birth rate
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“出生率” , 固定短语，“birth rate”，作介词with宾语，故答案为：birth rate。
【点评】考查汉译英，以及固定短语birth rate。
37．【答案】increased my determination
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“增强决心”，固定短语， “increase one's determination”，结合句意可知谓语动词用一般过去时，故答案为；increased my determination.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时以及固定短语increase one's determination。
38．【答案】made his dream come true
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“使梦想成真”，固定短语，“make one's dream come true”，,结合句意谓语动词用一般过去时，故答案为：made his dream come true。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时以及固定短语make one's dream come true。
39．【答案】overcome her fear
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“克服对.......的恐惧” , 固定短语，“overcome one's fear of”，与had fought 并列，用过去完成时，故答案为：overcome her fear。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及过去完成时以及固定短语overcome one's fear of。
40．【答案】a quote from a poem
【知识点】汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据中英文对照，可知缺少成分“以一首诗中的一句话” ，应用with短语作状语，with后跟名词短语，故答案为：a quote from a poem。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及介词短语作状语和名词做介词宾语。
【答案】41．benefits；42．as；43．an；44．stole；45．were parked；46．central；47．has pedalled；48．where；49．shared；50．to save
【知识点】说明文；语法填空；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了共享自行车这一理念的前世今生。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及名词、介词、冠词、一般过去时态、形容词、被动语态、现在完成时态、定语从句、过去分词、动词不定式等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：阿姆斯特丹是一个适合骑自行车的城市，多年来，阿姆斯特丹人一直在享受骑自行车的好处。根据常见结构"冠词+（形容词）+名词"，可知空格处应使用名词；根据句意，骑自行车的好处不止一个，所以应使用名词的复数形式，故填benefits。
42．句意：这种想法始于大约50年前，最初被称为"白色自行车"。"be known as"是固定短语，意"作为……（身份）而出名"，as当介词用时，后接表示身份的名词，故填as。
43．句意：在20世纪60年代，一群自行车爱好者想出了这个主意。本段介绍了"white bikes"的起源，空格后的idea指的是下文提到的" The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas around Amsterdam for people to use 这群人将数百辆自行车涂成白色，放置在阿姆斯特丹的许多地区供人们使用"，首次提到了这个idea，且idea是元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
44．句意：然而，不久之后，问题出现了，"白色自行车"都不见了——小偷在几周内就把它们全偷走了！根据空格前的disappeared（一般过去时），可知空格处的"小偷偷走自行车"也是发生在过去，应使用一般过去时态，故填stole。
45．句意：自行车被停在专门的停车位。空格处的谓语动词"park停放"与主语the bikes是被动关系，且这是描述1999年的事情，所以应使用一般过去时态的被动语态，故填were parked。
46．句意：由于许多人的想法和努力，您现在可以在阿姆斯特丹市中心享受清洁的空气和便捷的交通。根据空格后的Amsterdam（名词），可知空格处应使用形容词修饰该名词，故填central。
47．句意：如今，"白色自行车"的理念已经风靡全球，包括中国，越来越多的城市都有了自己的"白色自行车"计划。根据句意和时间状语"Nowadays如今"，可知这一理念从过去开始到现在，已经风靡全球，所以应使用现在完成时态，故填has pedalled。
48．句意：如今，"白色自行车"的理念已经风靡全球，包括中国，越来越多的城市都有了自己的"白色自行车"计划。空格后句意和语法结构都完整，所以定语从句应使用关系副词来引导，先行词China表地点，故填where。
49．句意：当地人和游客都喜欢使用共享单车，因为共享单车是一种廉价而简单的方式，可以节省能源，减少空气和噪音污染，并享受在城市锻炼的好处。"shared bike"是固定短语，意"共享自行车"，属过去分词作定语，与被修饰的名词构成被动关系，即"被分享的自行车"，故填shared。
50．句意：当地人和游客都喜欢使用共享单车，因为共享单车是一种廉价而简单的方式，可以节省能源，减少空气和噪音污染，并享受在城市锻炼的好处。根据句意，"节省能源，减少空气和噪音污染，并享受在城市锻炼的好处"是共享自行车的目的，属于动词不定式作目的状语的用法，故填to save。
【答案】51．B
52．C
53．D
54．A
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况, 呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、主旨题和词义猜测题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
51．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe... our planet is safe”，可知 世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。
52．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others在这里任何关心环境的人都可以与他人谈论环境话题”以及末句“Environmentalists, academics and scientists... concerning the environment环保主义者、学者和科学家……关于环境”，可知人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。
53．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”，可知2018年的主题是"塑战速决"；再结合划线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags它敦促人们探索并选择纸袋或布袋等可支持的替代品”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste这占了所有垃圾的10%”，可知，画线单词意为“一次性的” ，故选D。
54．段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日， 所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它？所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(Every bit of effort counts. )，故选A。
【答案】55．B
56．C
57．B
58．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，中国在过去是自行车的王国，而现在仍然有很多人喜欢骑自行车出行，因为这种交通方式方便，省钱，为了融入这种文化，作者也买了一辆自行车，但是在回家途中，发现骑车过街是最大的问题，需要时间，技巧和一点儿运气，但是骑行经历让作者觉得很愉快，很有趣。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
55．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today. ”对许多人来说，这是最简单和最便宜的旅行方式，可知，自行车如今仍然很受欢迎，是因为它
的便捷和经济。故选B。
56．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle. ”渴望成为中国文化这一方面的一部分，我决定买一辆自行车。可知，作者购买自行车是因为迫切地想融入中国的这种文化之中，故选C。
57．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“Crossing the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States. The streets here were wide, so crossing took time, skill and a little bit of luck.”可知，骑车过街是最大的问题，需要时间、技巧和运
气，因此作者认为骑车过街非常困难。故选B。
58．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people. Biking made me feel alive.”空气吹拂脸颊和头发的感觉很美妙,骑行时就像坐在了世界的顶端，骑自行车使作者觉得充满了活力。可推断，作者觉得骑自行车很有乐趣，故选D。
【答案】59．educated；60．development；61．its；62．until；63．the；64．of；65．visiting；66．financial；67．Activities；68．to have
【知识点】说明文；语法填空；环境保护类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了生态旅游的概念以及生态旅游应遵循的原则。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及过去分词、名词、形容词性物主代词、连词、冠词、介词、V-ing形式、形容词、名词和动词不定式等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
59．句意：它与传统旅游不同，因为它会对旅行者对该地区进行教育。分析句子成分，可知所填的词作become的表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed形式表示被动，故答案为educated。
60．句意：并且经常为当地的环境保护和发展提供资金。根据空格前面的定冠词the，可知所填的词是名词形式，故答案为development。
61．句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。分析句子成分可知, 所填的词修饰名词origin做定语，所以用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为its。
62．句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游概念。分析句子结构并结合前面的not，可知本句是not... until... 结构，意"直到……才……"，故答案为until。
63．句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种类型的旅行现在都被归类为生态旅游。 所填的词位于名词的前面，且名词后有of短语做定语，因此该名词是特指，所以用定冠词，故答案为the。
64．句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种类型的旅行现在都被归类为生态旅游。various types of... 是固定短语，意"各种各样的……"，故答案为of。
65．句意：尽量减少参观的影响。所给的词是动词且位于介词后，所以应使用动词-ing形式作宾语，故答案为visiting。
66．句意：为当地人民提供经济援助和其他福利。所填的词修饰名词aid，所以应使用形容词修饰名词，故答案为financial。
67．句意：那里的活动从赏鲸到徒步旅行，住宿都旨在对自然环境产生低影响。所给单词是名词, 结合句子的谓语动词range（复数形式），可知该名词要用其复数形式，故答案为Activities。
68．句意：那里的活动从赏鲸到徒步旅行，住宿都旨在对自然环境产生低影响。aim to do sth是固定短语，意"旨在做某事"，故答案为to have。
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