课件50张PPT。Unit 8
Have you read Treasure Island yet?Section A Grammar Focus现在完成时态 Present Perfect TenseGrammar Focus●现在完成时的构成:
现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词
的过去分词”构成。助动词要和主语的人
称、数保持一致。 现在完成时1. 现在完成时动词构成
have /has + v 过去分词助动词否定haven’t
hasn’t疑问Have you…?
Has he…?I haven’t read it yet.
She hasn’t finished her homework.Have they read Treasure Island yet?
Has he decided where to go?●现在完成时的用法:
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have already read Treasure Island.I have returned the book to the library.I have bought a new house.●现在完成时的时间状语:
(1) 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中, yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
We have already finished our homework. We haven’t finished our homework yet. ???Have you finished doing your homework yet?(2) 用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未”等。
—Have you ever been to the Great Wall? ???? 你曾经去过长城吗？ —No, I have never been to the Great Wall. ???? 不, 我从未去过长城。 No, never. 不， 从来没有。●现在完成时的时间状语:
(3) 用副词just和before。
I have just finished my homework. They have never visited the Great Wall before.. ???Have you ever been to Hong Kong before?(4) 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,
如so far/up to now, in the past/ last few years等。So far we have learned seven unitsDeqing has changed a lot in the past / last few years. ( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语
( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语
( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句eg.I have been a teacher ______ 24 years.
I have been a teacher _______ 1990.
I have been a teacher _______ 24 years agoforsincesinceI have been a teacher _______ I graduated from the university.since(2) 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,也可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的。
终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词，如:open, close , become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, die, leave, go, come, join, marry, start, stop等。I have already borrowed a book.I have borrowed a book for two weeks.√ 终止性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成, 不能再延续, 所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用, 即不能与表示一段时间的状语, 如for + 时间段、 since + 时间点 / 从句连用, 也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句。以下是常用的瞬间性动词和延续性动词转换对应表: come —be (in)
buy —have
borrow —keep
leave —be away
die —be dead
stop —be over
begin / start —be on
open- be open
close- be closed
I have bought this car for two years.
since 2012.I have had this car for two years.
since 2012.若保留for + 时间段, since + 时间点 / 从句, 或用在 how long句型中, 则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。
不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years.
*He has bought that book for three weeks.
*He has joined the Army for one and a half years.
*His grandma has died for nine months.
He has got up for 5minutes.可以说:
He has been in Beijing for two years.
He has had that book for three weeks.
He has been in the army for one and a half years.
His grandma has been dead for nine months.
He has been up for 5minutes.1.I borrowed the library book two days ago.
I _______ _______the library book________ two days.
2.The meeting started ten minutes ago.
A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ago.
B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes.
have keptforhas been onhas been onsincefor同义句3.My brother joined the Party last year.
A. My brother _________ _________ ________the Party since last year.
B. My brother__________ ________ _______ party member since last year.
4.He left Nanjing two years ago.
He_________ _________ ________ ________
Nanjing for two years. has been
inhas been ahas been away from5. That dog died last month.
That dog_______ ________ ________since last month.
6. He has had the bike for two years.
A. Two years______ _______since he ________the bike.
B. It’s ______ __________since he_________ the bike.
C. He _______the bike two years__________.
has been deadhas passedboughttwo years boughtbought ago1、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
________ _________ have they been here?
2、The old man _______ last year. (die / dead)
He ______ _______ ______ for a year. (die / dead) （选词填空）
3、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义
句转换)
This factory _____________ for twenty years. How long diedhas been open has been dead 4、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao _____ ____ _____ _____ an hour.
5、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . has been away forjoinedago改写句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now.
My father ______ just ________ ______ the book shop.
2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001.
He _____ _______ Chinese since 2001.
3.The film began two minutes ago.
The film _____ ______ ______ since two minutes ago.
4.He has had the motorbike for two years.
It’s two years ______he ________ the motorbike.
He ________ the motorbike two years ______.
Two years ______ ______ since he ______ the motor
bike.hasreturnedfromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedbought 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。 一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，
一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在
的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上
的区别举例如下：
I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.)
我已经打扫过我的房间了。
I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.)
我上周打扫了我的房间。
Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and
he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。
They have bought a dictionary. (They bought
a dictionary and they have it now.)
他们买了一本字典。1. I ________heard of that story before.
A. don’t have B. not have C. have not D. not to have
2. She’ s never been to that factory,_________?
A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she
3. Have you made dumplings__________? No, I haven’t.
A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before
4. Tom________ ill since last night.
A. was B. is C. has been D. be
5. How long have you_ ________ Nanjing?
A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to CDDCC6. How many times has Jim _______that park? Twice.
A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to
7. I’ve______ this dictionary for half a year.
A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed
8. She won’t go to the cinema this evening because she
________the film before.
A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. is seeingBBA 句型转换
1. I have finished my homework.
①I ______ ______ my homework. (改为否定句)
②—______ you ______ your homework? (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—Yes，______ ______.
答案：1. ①haven’t finished
②Have；finished；I have2. His dream has come true. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
--- ______ his dream ______ true?
--- No，______ ______ .
答案：2. Has；come；it hasn’t Exercises 4a Use the words in brackets to
complete the conversations.
1. A: Would you like something to drink?
B: No, thanks. _______________________.
(just/ drink some tea)
2. A: I heard you lost your key.
____________________? (find)
B: No, not yet.I have just drunk some teaHave you found it3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving?
B: ________________________.
(already/ leave)
A: When ___________________? (leave)
B: This morning.
4. A: Is your sister going to the movies
with us tonight?
B: No. __________________________.
(already/ see the film)He has already leftdid he leaveShe has already seen the film5. A: What do your parents think about
our plan?
B: I __________________. (not/ tell
them/yet)haven’t told them yet —Why is Mr. Yang still in the teachers’
office?
—Maybe he ________ his work yet.
A. doesn’t finish B. hasn’t finished
C. haven’t finishedB4b Fill in the blanks with the correct
forms of the words in the brackets.
Sally ____ (love) reading. In the morning she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She ___ already ____ (read) more than 100 different books. Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine what the world ______ (be) like in 50 years. loveshasreadwill be She _______ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _________ (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she __________ (not read) yet and she can’t wait to read them.finishedwill writehasn’t readGroupwork 4c Complete the chart with information about you and your friend.A: What books have you already read?
B: I have already read Tom Sawyer and
Harry Potter.
A: What do you think of them?
B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting,
but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.单项选择。
( )1. — Have you taken out the trash, Belly?
— ______. I’ll do it right away.
A. Sorry, I have B. No, I didn’t
C. No, I don’t D. Not yet
( )2. — Have you _______ visited Shanghai?
— No, _______.
A. ever; not B. never; not
C. ever; never D. never; everDC( )3. —Could you go to the park with me this afternoon?
—Sorry, I _______ there. I went there
yesterday.
A. have gone B. have been
C. went D. was
( )4. —Have you washed your clothes ______?
—No, I haven’t. But I have cleaned the room _______.
A. ago; already B. yet; yet
C. before; yet D. yet; alreadyBD( )5. I am a soldier. I ______ the
army ______ about five years.
A. have joined; since
B. have joined; for
C. have been in; for
D. have been in; since C中考链接(2010 .河北省卷,41. 1) My brother left school in 2005, and since then he in Beijing.
A. lives B. lived
C. will live D. has lived
(2010·湖北省黄冈市，35，1) - I joined the League ______ May, 2008. What about you?
-I’ve been a League member ______ three years.
A. in; for B. on; in
C. on; for D. in; sinceDASo far many new houses _____ in Wenchuang with the help of the government.
A. build B. are built
C. will build D. have been built
答案：D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句中有So far“到目前为止”，使用现在完成时态，故选D。一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同
规则变化：
1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：
pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：
study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped不规则变化：
5. 以不变应万变。如：
let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：
feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：
lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：
buy → bought → bought; bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught句式
1. 肯定句：主语 + have / has + 过去分词
(+ 其他)
2. 否定句：主语 + have / has + not + 过去
分词(+ 其他)
3. 一般疑问句：have/ has + 主语 + 过去
分词(+ 其他)4. 特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词 (不是句子主语) + have / has
+ 主语+过去分词 (+ 其他)
2) 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have / has+
过去分词(+ 其他)活学活用1. Write the forms of the past tense and
past participle:
drink ______ ______
see ______ ______
find ______ ______
leave ______ ______
tell ______ ______drank drunksaw seenfound foundleft lefttold told( )【2013广西贵港】
—Do you know the movie Lost in
Thailand?
—Yes. I ______ it twice. It’s funny.
A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see C中考链接( )【2013黑龙江牡丹江】
—Lunch?
—No, thanks. I__________.
A. will eat B. am eating C. have eaten
( )【2013 湖北黄冈】
—Where is Tom? We can’t find
him anywhere.
— Perhaps he _____ home.
A. has come B. is going
C. went D. was goingCAe.g. I haven’t seen her these days.
I’ve known Bob for three years.
I’ve been at this school for over two years. 时间状语2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，
一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。for two yearssince two days ago
since 2012
since I came here●现在完成时的用法:
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
—Have you had lunch yet? —Yes, I’ve just had it. ??常使用already, yet, ever, never, just, before等时间副词。-Not yet.-No, I haven’t had it yet.现在完成时态（Present Perfect Tense）
现在完成时的构成:
现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词要和主语的人称、数保持一致。
例句：I haven’t read it yet.
She hasn’t finished her homework.
Have they read Treasure Island yet?
Has he decided where to go?
现在完成时的用法:
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
I have already read Treasure Island.
I have returned the book to the library.
I have bought a new house.
现在完成时的时间状语:
(1) 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中, yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
e.g. We have already finished our homework.
We haven’t finished our homework yet.
Have you finished doing your homework yet?
(2) 用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未”等。
e.g. —Have you ever been to the Great Wall? ???? 你曾经去过长城吗？ —No, I have never been to the Great Wall. ???? 不, 我从未去过长城。
No, never. 不， 从来没有。
(3) 用副词just和before。
I have just finished my homework.
They have never visited the Great Wall before. Have you ever been to Hong Kong before?
(4) 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如so far/up to now, in the past/ last few years等。
So far we have learned seven units.
Deqing has changed a lot in the past / last few years.
(5)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,也可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
for+表示一段时间的短语.
since+表示过去时间点的词语.
since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句.
现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词
英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的。
终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词，如:open, close , become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, die, leave, go, come, join, marry, start, stop等。
I have already borrowed a book. 正确
I have borrowed a book for two weeks. 错误
终止性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成, 不能再延续, 所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用, 即不能与表示一段时间的状语, 如for + 时间段、 since + 时间点 / 从句连用, 也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句。若保留for + 时间段, since + 时间点 / 从句, 或用在 how long句型中, 则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。
I have bought this car for two years since 2012. 错误
I have had this car for two years since 2012. 正确
不能说:
*He has come to Beijing for two years.
*He has bought that book for three weeks.
*He has joined the Army for one and a half years.
*His grandma has died for nine months.
*He has got up for 5 minutes.
可以说:
*He has been in Beijing for two years.
*He has had that book for three weeks.
*He has been in the army for one and a half years.
*His grandma has been dead for nine months.
*He has been up for 5 minutes.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作
对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续
到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情
况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用
（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。
一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状
态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下：
I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.)
我已经打扫过我的房间了。
I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.)
我上周打扫了我的房间。
Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.)
爸爸已经去厦门了。
They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.)
他们买了一本字典。
动词的过去分词变化规律：
过去式和过去分词的变化相同
规则变化：
1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed 。如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d 。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned
3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed 。如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed 。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped
不规则变化：
1. 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
2. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t 。如：feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept
3. 结尾的字母d变t 。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
4. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如： buy → bought → bought; bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught
句式
1. 肯定句：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (+ 其他)
2. 否定句：主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词(+ 其他)
3. 一般疑问句：have/ has + 主语 + 过去分词(+ 其他)
4. 特殊疑问句：
1) 特殊疑问词 (不是句子主语) + have / has +主语+过去分词 (+ 其他)
2) 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have / has+过去分词(+ 其他)
already
一般用于肯定句，用于疑问句时表示惊讶，出乎意料。
常放于句中，实义动词之前，助动词之后。
yet
一般用于否定句或疑问句。
常放在句尾，not yet常用在答语中，意为“尚未；还没有”。
