中考英语动词分类 课件23张

(共23张PPT)
动词分类
You are my sunshine, my only sunshine.
You make me happy when skies are gray.
You'll never know dear, how much I love you.
Please don't take my sunshine away.
The other night dear, as I lay sleeping.
I dreamed I held you in my arms.
when I awoke, dear, I was mistaken.
So I hung my head and I cried.
动词在哪里？
① I hung my head.
S
V
P
② You are my sunshine.
S
V
O
英语句子以动词为核心，任何一个句子都必须含有谓语动词，英语句子的划分也以动词的类型为依据。
动词的分类
行为动词
系动词
助动词
情态动词
1
行为动词
行为动词又叫实义动词，按照其后是否能跟宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1.1
及物动词
及物动词就是后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词，比如buy, teach, enjoy, make, help等等。
及物动词在句子中如何使用呢？
She bought a book. 她买了一本书。
S
V
O
(1)主语+谓语（及物动词）+简单宾语(S+V+O)
(2)主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)
(S+V+O+0)
She bought me a book. 她给我买了一本书。
S
V
O
O
She bought a book for me. 她给我买了一本书。
(3)主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)
You make me happy. 你让我非常快乐。
S
V
O
C
We must keep the classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。
S
V
O
C
1.2
不及物动词
不及物动词就是后面不需要也不能跟宾语的动词，比如fall, run, arrive, listen, swim, go,come,work等等。
She arrived . 她到了。
S
V
如果不及物动词后面需要带宾语，其后需要加适当的介词。
She arrived in Beijing. 她到达北京了。
1.3
既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词
如何区分是及物还是不及物呢？
看一看该动词后面是否直接跟宾语
Tom left early. 汤姆很早就离开了。
S
V
A
不及物动词
Tom left the classroom early. 汤姆很早就离开了教室。
S
V
O
A
及物动词
2
系动词
系动词是连接主语和表语的动词，其词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，须和表语一起构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征、身份等情况（“是什么”、“怎么样”）。
充当表语的可以是名词（短语）、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式短语、动名词等等。
I like the sunshine. 我喜欢阳光。
S
V
O
You are my sunshine. 你是我的阳光。
S
V
P
谓语动词的类别不同
句子成分组合关系不同
句子类型不同
牛刀小试: SVO or SVP
Tina lost her key.
He looks sad.
Mike accepted the invitation.
The leaves turned red.
My father is a doctor.
SVO
SVO
SVP
SVP
SVP
2
系动词
常用的系动词有be, look,seem, feel, smell, taste, sound, turn, become, get, grow, keep, remain, stay, continue等等。
该如何分类呢？
2.1
表示状态、表象或持续性的系动词
My parents are happy.
He seems(to be) tired.
Keep quiet!
She still remained silent.
He stayed calm when he heard the news.
这类动词常见的有be, seem, keep, remain, stay等等。
2.2
表示感官的系动词
五感官
look
smell
sound
taste
feel
His mother looks young.
The flower smells nice.
Your plan sounds great.
The noodles taste delicious.
The silk dress feels soft.
感官类系动词后面加形容词作表语
感官类系动词没有被动语态
2.3
表示变化过程的系动词
四变化
become(成为；变得)
get(变得)
turn(变成)
He became interested in math.
grow(逐渐变得)
I got very nervous.
Her face turned red.
He grew more and more impatient.
3
助动词
助动词本身不具有实在意义，不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，帮助动词构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。
帮助构成否定句、疑问句以及加强语气
帮助构成各种时态、语态
do--does--did;
don’t--doesn’t--didn’t
be(am,is,are,was,were,being)
have--has--had
shall--should, will--would
助动词
Please don’t take my sunshine away.
Does Bob read newspapers every day
Kate is singing.
The fish was eaten by the cat.
I have finished my homework.
Will you come to China next year
Shall we sing together
be动词构成现在进行时
be动词构成被动语态
have构成现在完成时
will构成一般将来时
shall构成疑问句征求意见
找一找
don’t构成否定句
does构成疑问句
4
情态动词
情态动词表达说话人的情感、态度或语气，主要包括能力、可能、命令、要求、许诺、建议等，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形共同构成谓语。
常见的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, will, should, would, need,had better等。
情态动词的特征
①情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面要加动词原形。
I can play soccer.
She can swim.
②大多数情态动词时态性不强，可以用于过去、现在或将来，个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，如：can-could, may-might.
He said the news could be true.
③大多数情态动词可以直接加not变为否定或直接提前变成疑问句。
He can’t play the piano.
Must I finish the book report
动词的分类
行为动词
系动词
助动词
情态动词