Unit 7 Abilities——2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语七年级下学期期末复习备考学案（含解析）

Unit 7 Abilities
重难点攻略
一、知识点讲解
1. ability noun
the physical or mental power or skill needed to do something(体力或智力方面的)能力；才能，才智
例：There's no doubting her ability. 她的能力毋庸置疑。
She's a woman of considerable abilities. 她是个非常有才干的女性。
I have children in my class of very mixed abilities 我班里孩子们的能力参差不齐。
2. protect verb
to keep someone or something safe from injury, damage, or loss保护，防护
例：It's important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
保护皮肤不受太阳的伤害是很重要的。
Vitamin C may help protect against cancer.
维生素C可能有助于抗癌。
3. award verb & noun.
v. to give money or a prize following an official decision给予，授予；判给，裁定
例：Carlos was awarded first prize in the essay competition.
卡洛斯被授予短文写作竞赛一等奖。
The university has awarded her a $500 travel grant.
该大学发给她500美元的旅行补助。
n. a prize or an amount of money that is given to someone following an official decision奖；奖项；奖金；奖品
例：They have authorized awards of 900 to each of the victims.
他们判给每一个受害者900英镑赔偿金。
the Academy Award for Best Director 奥斯卡最佳导演奖
4. careful adjective
giving a lot of attention to what you are doing so that you do not have an accident, make a mistake, or damage something仔细的；小心的；认真的
例： Be careful with the glasses. 小心玻璃杯。
Be careful to look both ways when you cross the road. 过马路时要注意向两边看。
Michael is a very careful worker. 迈克尔工作起来很细心。
5. believe
作动词，意为"相信；认为"。
例：Believe it or not! 信不信由你!
I believe she is right.我认为她是对的。
作名词，意为"相信；信任；信奉"。
例：Those people believe in God.那些人信奉上帝。
6. send
作及物动词，意为"寄(信等)；发(电报)；(派人)送"。
例：We can send some to them.我们可以送一些给他们。
send的短语：
send up 发射
send for (派人去)请来
send out 散发(气味、光等)
send sb off(=see sb off) 送别
7. save
作动词，意为"救；求助", save ...from意为"从……中救出……"。
例:He was brave enough to save his neighbour from a fire.他足够勇敢将他的邻居从火中救了出来。
8. by the way表示"顺便问一下，顺便说一下",常用作状语。
例：By the way, can you take your camera with you, Amy 顺便问一下，你能把你的相机带着吗，埃米？
way的短语
in the way 挡在路上
on the way 在途中;在进行中
in a way 在某种程度上
no way 决不;一点也不
二、语法精讲
can, could, may的用法
这三个词都是情态动词。情态动词本身有一定的意义,但没有人称和数的变化，需要和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语部分，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。
1.can和could表示能力。
(1)can意为"能，会"用来表示某人现在的能力；could是can的过去式，用来表示某人过去的能力。
例：I couldn't understand his words last year, but now I can.去年我还不能理解他的话,但现在我能理解了。
(2)can表示能力时，与be able to同义，二者一般可互换，但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态，而be able to中的be动词的形式根据句子所用时态变化。
例：You will be able to pass the exam tomorrow.明天你能通过考试。
2.can,could和may表示许可。
情态动词can，could和may可以用来表示请求或许可。情态动词could表示一种委婉的语气，比can表达更有礼貌,常用于问句中。may较正式。
注意：对情态动词could的回答不能用could,只能用can。例如:
—Could I borrow your ruler 我可以借你的尺子吗
—Yes, you can./Sorry, you can't.是的,你可以。/对不起,你不可以。
感叹句
1.感叹句是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句一般由what或how引导,句末加感叹号。
2.感叹句的构成。
(1)what引导的感叹句句型。
what的基本句型 例句
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What an interesting story (it is)! (它是)多么有趣的一个故事啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)! What beautiful flowers (they are)! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What delicious food (it is)! (它是)多么美味的食物啊!
(2)how引导的感叹句句型。
how的基本句型 例句
How+形容词(+主语+谓语)! How kind (the girl is)! (这个女孩)多么善良啊!
How+副词(+主语+谓语)! How well (she dances)! (她舞跳得)多好啊!
How+主语+谓语!(此句型中how修饰动词,但动词不提前。) How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!
备考满分练
一、单选题
1.Jack likes music so he ________ lots of money on CDs of his favourite songs.
A. saves B. makes C. spends D. shares
2.You _____ smoke here! Look at the sign. It says "No smoking".
A.needn't B.mustn't C.can D.may
3.From the top of the Autumn Hill people _____ enjoy the fullest sight of Ge Garden.
A.have to B.need C.should D.can
4._____ exciting news! The Chinese team successfully arrived at the peak of Qomolangma.
A.What B.What an C.How D.How an
5.—_____ wonderful the music is! What's its name
—Victory.
A.How B.How a C.What D.What a
6.I need to have my glasses because I ________ see the blackboard.
A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. can’t
7.________ useful news report he gave us at the meeting!
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
8.— _________ important news it is !
—Thank you for ________ me!
A. How; tell
B. What; telling
C. What a; tell
D. How; telling
9.Tony would like to ________ the English Club. What about you
A. joins B. join C. join in D. take part in
10.Professor Li is looking forward to ________ his students’ reply.
A. hearing from B. hearing of C. hear from D. hear of
二、填空题
11.I ________ (相信) that a better environment can be created in Binzhou and we should work together to make it come true.
12._____ (save) water, you can take shorter showers.
13.I hear you were ill yesterday. Are you feeling _____ (good) now
14.Fire is so _____(danger). You should be careful with it.
15.He got up and changed his clothes _____(quick).
三、阅读理解
I was on a train in Switzerland(瑞士). Thirty minutes later, the train came to a stop and the conductor's(乘务员) voice over the loudspeaker delivered a message in German, Italian and French. I'd made the mistake of not learning any of those languages before my vacation. Everyone started getting off the train and an old woman saw that I was confused and stressed. (I had to catch an overnight train to Rome, and I was flying home from there). She could speak some English and told me that an accident had happened on the tracks(轨道). She asked me where I was trying to get to, then went and talked to some workers, and came back to tell me that we'd have to hop(换乘) trains three or four times to get there.
I was really glad she was heading the same way because it would have been impossible for me to figure it out on my own(自己弄清楚). So we went from one train station to the next, getting to know each other along the way. She was really the sweetest woman. It was a 2.5-hour journey in total, and when we made it to the final destination(目的地), we got off and said our goodbyes. I had made it just in time to catch my train to Rome. She told me she had a train to catch as well. I asked her how much farther she had to go and it turned out(结果是) that her home was two hours back the other way. She had jumped from train to train and travelled the whole just to make sure that I made it. I was in shock. A woman spent her whole day sitting on trains and taking her hours away from her home just to help out a confused(迷惑的) tourist visiting her country.
No matter how many countries I visit, I’ll always say the most beautiful country in the world is Switzerland.
16.The author had to get off the train at a stop because ______.
A.she got on the wrong train by mistake B.there was an accident on the tracks
C.she couldn't understand the constructor D.an old woman invited her to travel together
17.How many hours did the old woman spend sitting on trains that day
A.About an hour. B.About 2.5 hours.
C.About 3 hours. D.About 5 hours.
18.The old woman travelled the whole way with the author just to ______.
A.make sure the author wouldn't get lost B.practice her English with the author
C.spend time with a foreigner on the train D.show the author around her country
19.What can we infer from the text
A.The old woman is in Rome, Italy.
B.The author's English is not better than the old woman's.
C.The author thinks people in Switzerland are quite nice.
D.The old woman helped get a ticket to the final destination.
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1.答案：C
解析：考查动词。句意：杰克喜欢音乐，因此他在他最爱的歌曲的唱片上花了很多钱。saves储存，救助；makes制造；spends花费；shares分享。根据"lots of money on CDs"可知表达"某人在某物上花钱"，用动词"spend…on sth."的结构。故选C。
2.答案：B
解析：考查情态动词。句意：你不能在这儿吸烟！看那个标志。上面写着"禁止吸烟"。情态动词 mustn't表示"禁止"。故选B。
3.答案：D
解析：考查情态动词辨析。句意: 从秋山的山顶, 人们可以尽享整个园的全貌。have to意为"不得不"； need意为"需要"； should意为"应该"； can意为"能, 能够"。故选D。
4.答案：A
解析：考查感叹句用法。形容词exciting修饰名词news, 中心词是名词, 应用what引导感叹句; news是不可数名词, 不加冠词。故选A。
5.答案：A
解析：考查感叹句的结构。感叹形容词wonderful应用How。故选A。
6.答案：D
解析：考查情态动词辨析。句意：我需要戴眼镜，因为我看不见黑板。must必须、一定；mustn't表示禁止；can能、会；can't不能。根据前句"I need to have my glasses"可推知，应是因为不能看见黑板。故选D。
7.答案：D
解析：考查感叹句的用法。句意：他在会上给我们做了一个多么有用的新闻报告啊！感叹句：What+a/an+形容词+名词单数+主语+谓语；How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语；根据题干"useful news report" , 可知report是可数名词单数形式，且useful首字母是发辅音，用What a。故选D。
8.答案：B
解析：考查what感叹句。句意：——这是多么重要的消息啊！——谢谢你告诉我！ what感叹句结构：What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语；What+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主语+谓语；news"消息"，是不可数名词；第二空在介词之后应该用动名词的形式。故选B。
9.答案：B
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：托尼想加入英语俱乐部，你呢？ would like to do sth"想要做某事"，此空应填动词原形，排除A选项。join加入，加入某团体并成为其中一员；join in参加某项活动；take part in参加某项活动并起一定的作用。根据“the English Club”可知，此处指加入英语俱乐部这个团体。故选B。
10.答案：A
解析：考查非谓语动词和动词短语辨析。句意：李教授期待收到学生们的答复。hear from收到……的来信；hear of听说、得悉。look forward to doing sth."期待做某事"，固定用法；根据空后"his students' reply"可知，应是李教授期待收到学生们的答复。故选A。
二、填空题
11.答案：believe
12.答案：To save
13.答案：better
14.答案：dangerous
15.答案：quickly
三、阅读理解
答案：16-19 BDAC
解析：
16.细节理解题。根据"She could speak some English and told me that an accident had happened on the tracks"可知，因为在轨道上发生了一起事故。故选B。
17.细节理解题。根据"It was a 2.5-hour journey in total, and when we made it to the final destination"及"I asked her how much farther she had to go and it turned out(结果是) that her home was two hours back the other way"可知，那天老妇人在火车上坐了大约5个小时，故选D。
18.细节理解题。根据"She had jumped from train to train and travelled the whole just to make sure that I made it"及"A woman spent her whole day sitting on trains and taking her hours away from her home just to help out a confused(迷惑的) tourist visiting her country"可知，老妇人全程陪同作者旅行只是为了确保作者不会迷路。故选A。
19.推理判断题。根据"No matter how many countries I visit, I'll always say the most beautiful country in the world is Switzerland"可知，结合自身的经历，作者认为瑞士人很友好。故选C。
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