Unit 7 International charities——2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语八年级下学期期末复习备考攻略（含解析）
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| 名称 | Unit 7 International charities——2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语八年级下学期期末复习备考攻略（含解析） |  | |
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Unit 7 International charities
一、知识点讲解
1. especially adverb
very much; more than usual or more than other people or things特别，尤其，格外；专门，特地
例：She's not especially interested in sport. 她对体育运动不是特别感兴趣。
2. cure verb
1). to make someone with an illness healthy again治愈，治好
例：The medicine won't cure her - it merely stops the pain.
这种药并不能治好她的病---只能止疼。
2). to solve a problem解决（问题）
例：The president and his advisors meet this week to discuss how to cure inflation.
财政部长们本周将举行会晤讨论如何解决通货膨胀问题。
3. afford verb
1). to be able to buy or do something because you have enough money or time买得起；（有时间）做，能做
例：I don't know how he can afford a new car on his salary.
我不知道他靠工资怎么能买得起新车。
2). formal to allow someone to have something pleasant or necessary提供；给予
例：Her seat afforded her an uninterrupted view of the stage.
她的座位很好，可以一览无余地看到整个舞台。
4. proud adjective
1). feeling pleasure and satisfaction because you or people connected with you have done or got something good自豪的，得意的
例：You must be very proud of your son.你一定为你的儿子感到非常自豪。
2). having or showing respect for yourself
有自尊心的，自尊的，自重的
例：He might be poor but he's also proud, and he won't be pushed around by anyone. 他可能很穷，可是他也有自尊心，他不会受任何人摆布的。
3). feeling that you are better and more important than other people骄傲的，傲慢的，自负的
例：She knows she's lost, but she's too proud to admit it. 她知道自己失败了，可是她太自负了，不肯承认。
5. mostly adverb
mainly通常；大多数
例：In the smaller towns, it's mostly (= usually) very quiet at nights.
在小村庄里，晚上通常很安静。
The band are mostly (= most of them are) teenagers.
我想这支乐队的成员大多数是十几岁的青少年。
6. hand out 分发；提出
例：One of my jobs was to hand out the prizes 我的职责之一是分发奖品。
As for other aspects, we will sporadically hand out questionnaires. 在其他方面，我们会偶尔发送调查问卷。
【拓展】有关hand的短语
hand back退还；归还
例：The hotel receptionist checked my passport, then handed it back.酒店接待员检查了我的护照，然后把它还给我。
hand down宣布；把…传下去
例：Her grandmother handed the gold bracelet down to her mother.她祖母把金手镯传给了她母亲。
hand in交上；提交；递交
例：I'm afraid I couldn't hand in my essay in time.恐怕我不能及时交论文了。
hand on转交；传递下去
例：My colleague handed the job on to me last week.上周我的同事把工作交给了我。
7. set up
to make sth, especially a building, by putting parts together 指制造、建造、修建（尤指房屋）
例：a house built of stone 用石头建造的房子
(formal) to build sth; to put sth in position and make it stand upright 指建立、建造、安装、竖立、搭起
例：We decided to set up camp for the night我们决定搭帐篷过夜。
同义词：build up；put up
二、语法精讲
被动语态
1. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态常用于陈述事实，一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中。
2. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的执行者。
3. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
4. 一般现在时被动语态的谓语结构及各种句式：
1). 谓语结构：is/ am/ are+.及物动词的过去分词
2). 各种句式：
肯定式：The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。
否定式：The classroom isn't cleaned every day. 教室不是每天被打扫。
一般疑问句：Is the classroom cleaned every day 教室是每天被打扫吗？
特殊疑问句：What is cleaned every day 什么每天被打扫？
5. 一般过去时被动语态的谓语结构及各种句式：
1). 谓语结构：was/ were +.及物动词的过去分词
2). 各种句式：
肯定式： The ruler was found under the desk. 尺子是在书桌下被找到的。
否定式： The ruler wasn't found under the desk. 尺子不是在书桌下被找到的。
一般疑问句： Was the ruler found under the desk 尺子是在书桌下被找到的吗？
特殊疑问句：Where was the ruler found 尺子是在哪儿找到的？
6. 使用被动语态需要注意的几个特殊问题。
1). 带介词的不及物动词在变为被动语态时，介词不能漏掉。
2). 当动词由不带to 的动词不定式作宾补时，在被动语态中，应加上动词不定式符号"to"。
3). 当动词带双宾语时，在被动语态中，将其中的一个宾语作主语，另一个不动；如果是将指物的作主语，则在另一个指人的宾语前应加上介词"to"或"for"，具体用哪一个根据动词来确定。
备考满分练
一、单选题
1.In 1958, pinyin ______ by Chinese linguist(语言学家) Zhou Youguang and his team.
A.designs B.designed C.is designed D.was designed
2.—Two hundred people were killed in the earthquake, ________ 76 kids.
—What a pity!
A. includes B. included C. including D. include
3.Badaling part of the Ming Great Wall ________ many centuries ago. It is very famous in the world.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built
4.—What's the weather like in summer here
—It’s hot. Sometimes it rains _________.
A. especially B. heavily C. recently D. simply
5.—When does your son usually ________ in the morning
—At about 6:30.
A. set up B. wake up C. take up D. give up
6.—Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks ______ for their fins(鱼翅).
—I think shark trade should ______.
A. were killed, be stopped B. killed, stopped
C. are killed, be stopped D. will kill, will stop
7.— When shall we go and play basketball
— Not until the work ________.
A. is finished B. finishes C. will finish D. will be finished
8.High school students are required ________ part in the volunteer project every term.
A. take B. taking C. took D. to take
9.The bridge ________ Xinshougang Bridge in 2019.
A. names B. named C. is named D. was named
10.With this new lock, you needn't ________ keys in your bag any more. Isn’t it cool
A. cut off B. search for C. set up D. take down
二、填空题
11.She uses her car ________(主要地)for driving to work.
12.Thanksgiving Day is almost always ________ (庆祝) with a big turkey dinner.
13.Take care when you are driving, _________ (尤其,特别) in a snowy weather.
14.The Notre Dame Cathedral _____(burn) by a big fire on April 15, 2019.
15.Don't hand in your report until all the information _____(check).
三、阅读理解
Each nation has many good people who help to take care of others. For example, some high school and college students in the United States often spend many hours as volunteers in hospitals, orphanages (孤儿院) or homes for the aged. They read books to the people in these places, or they just visit them and play games with them or listen to their problems.
Other young people volunteers go and work in the homes of people who are sick or old. They paint, clean up, or repair their houses, do their shopping or mow their lawns. For boys who no longer have fathers there is an organization called Big Brothers. College students and other men take these boys to baseball games or on fishing trips and help them to get to know things that boys usually learn from their fathers.
Each city has a number of clubs where boys and girls can go to play games or learn crafts. Some of these clubs show movies or organize short trips to the mountains, the beaches, museums or other places of interest. Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to remember the problems of younger boys and girls.
Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others.
1. Where can you often find volunteers in the United States
A. At a bus-stop.
B. In a park.
C. In a hospital.
D. In a shop.
2. What do young volunteers do in the homes of sick and old people
A. They read books.
B. They play games with them.
C. They paint, clean up, or repair their houses, do their shopping or mow their lawns.
D. They just visit them and play games with them or listen to their problems.
3. What is Big Brothers
A. It's the name of a club.
B. It's a home for children who have no brothers.
C. It's the name of a film.
D. It's an organization for boys who no longer have fathers.
4. Why so most of the boys’ and girls’ clubs use many high school and college students as volunteers
A. Because they have a lot of free time.
B. Because they can still remember what they felt when they were younger.
C. Because they know how to do the work.
D. Because they like younger boys and girls.
5. What do volunteers believe
A. To make others happy, they have got to be unhappy.
B. The happiest people in the world are those who make themselves happy
C. the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others.
D. when they are happy, the others will be happy.
答案以及解析
1.答案：D
解析：句意: 1958年, 中国语言学家周有光和他的团队设计了拼音。根据In 1958可知，用一般过去时；句子的主语与谓语动词design是被动关系，用被动语态。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：考查动词的用法。句意：—200人在地震中丧生，包括76个孩子。includes，包括，三单形式；included动词过去式或过去分词；including介词；include动词原形。空格在逗号后，且后带宾语，应用介词形式。故选C。
3.答案：D
解析：考查被动语态。句意：明长城的八达岭部分是几百年前修建的。它在世界上非常有名。主语Badaling是动词build的承受者，需用be done被动语态结构，可排除前两项；结合时间状语"many centuries ago"，可知，是一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。
4.答案：B
解析：考查副词辨析。句意：——这里夏天的天气怎么样？——天气很热。有时下大雨。especially尤其是；heavily 大量地；recently 最近地；simply 简单的。根据题干"It's hot. Sometimes it rains…"，可知是说有时雨下得很大，heavily符合语境。故选B。
5.答案：B
解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意：——你儿子早上通常什么时候醒来？ ——大约6：30。set up建立；wake up醒来；take up占据；give up放弃。根据"in the morning"以及答语可知，此处问的是早上通常几点醒。故选B。
6.答案：C
解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：——每年，有超过7000000条鲨鱼被捕杀以获取鱼鳍。 ——我认为应该停止鲨鱼交易。由“Every year,”可知，第一个空应该用一般现在时， sharks与谓语动词kill是被动关系，因此第一个空应该用一般现在时的被动语态；第二个空的 shark trade 与动词stop是被动关系，而should是情态动词，因此第二个空应该用含有情态动词的被动语态。故选C。
7.答案：A
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：——我们什么时候去打篮球？——直到工作被完成。 work和动词"完成"之间是被动关系。这是not until引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来。根据"shall we go"可知表示将来的动作，回答句子动词用一般现在时的被动形式。故选A。
8.答案：D
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：高中生每学期都被要求参加志愿者项目。固定短语require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。故选D。
9.答案：D
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：2019年这座桥被命名为新首钢大桥。根据"in 2019"可知，句子讲述过去的事，是一般过去时。主语"The bridge"和动词"name"之间是被动关系，谓语动词用一般过去时的被动形式。主语是单数概念，表达动词"被命名"用"was named"。故选D。
10.答案：B
解析：考查动词短语。句意：有了这把新锁，你再也不用在包里找钥匙了。是不是很酷？ cut off切除；search for寻找；set up建立；take down拆除；记下。根据前句"With this new lock"可知，此处表示"不必在包里再找钥匙了"。故选B。
二、填空题
11.答案：mostly
12.答案：celebrated
13.答案：especially
14.答案：was burned/burnt
15.答案：is checked
三、阅读理解
答案：1-5CCDBC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据"For example, some high school and college students in the United States often spend many hours as volunteers in hospitals, orphanages (孤儿院) or homes for the aged."可知，美国的一些高中和大学生经常在医院、孤儿院或老年人之家中做志愿者。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据"Other young people volunteers go and work in the homes of people who are sick or old. They paint, clean up, or repair their houses, do their shopping or mow their lawns."可知，这些志愿者帮着做装饰，打扫卫生，修房子，买东西或着修草坪。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据"For boys who no longer have fathers there is an organization called Big Brothers."可知，这是一个为不再有父亲的男孩设立的组织。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据"Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to remember the problems of younger boys and girls."可知，需要俱乐部用高校生和大学生做志愿者，是因为他们仍然记得他们的问题。故选B。
5.细节理解题。根据"Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others."可知，志愿者们相信那些给他人带来幸福的人是最幸福的。故选C。
2
一、知识点讲解
1. especially adverb
very much; more than usual or more than other people or things特别，尤其，格外；专门，特地
例：She's not especially interested in sport. 她对体育运动不是特别感兴趣。
2. cure verb
1). to make someone with an illness healthy again治愈，治好
例：The medicine won't cure her - it merely stops the pain.
这种药并不能治好她的病---只能止疼。
2). to solve a problem解决（问题）
例：The president and his advisors meet this week to discuss how to cure inflation.
财政部长们本周将举行会晤讨论如何解决通货膨胀问题。
3. afford verb
1). to be able to buy or do something because you have enough money or time买得起；（有时间）做，能做
例：I don't know how he can afford a new car on his salary.
我不知道他靠工资怎么能买得起新车。
2). formal to allow someone to have something pleasant or necessary提供；给予
例：Her seat afforded her an uninterrupted view of the stage.
她的座位很好，可以一览无余地看到整个舞台。
4. proud adjective
1). feeling pleasure and satisfaction because you or people connected with you have done or got something good自豪的，得意的
例：You must be very proud of your son.你一定为你的儿子感到非常自豪。
2). having or showing respect for yourself
有自尊心的，自尊的，自重的
例：He might be poor but he's also proud, and he won't be pushed around by anyone. 他可能很穷，可是他也有自尊心，他不会受任何人摆布的。
3). feeling that you are better and more important than other people骄傲的，傲慢的，自负的
例：She knows she's lost, but she's too proud to admit it. 她知道自己失败了，可是她太自负了，不肯承认。
5. mostly adverb
mainly通常；大多数
例：In the smaller towns, it's mostly (= usually) very quiet at nights.
在小村庄里，晚上通常很安静。
The band are mostly (= most of them are) teenagers.
我想这支乐队的成员大多数是十几岁的青少年。
6. hand out 分发；提出
例：One of my jobs was to hand out the prizes 我的职责之一是分发奖品。
As for other aspects, we will sporadically hand out questionnaires. 在其他方面，我们会偶尔发送调查问卷。
【拓展】有关hand的短语
hand back退还；归还
例：The hotel receptionist checked my passport, then handed it back.酒店接待员检查了我的护照，然后把它还给我。
hand down宣布；把…传下去
例：Her grandmother handed the gold bracelet down to her mother.她祖母把金手镯传给了她母亲。
hand in交上；提交；递交
例：I'm afraid I couldn't hand in my essay in time.恐怕我不能及时交论文了。
hand on转交；传递下去
例：My colleague handed the job on to me last week.上周我的同事把工作交给了我。
7. set up
to make sth, especially a building, by putting parts together 指制造、建造、修建（尤指房屋）
例：a house built of stone 用石头建造的房子
(formal) to build sth; to put sth in position and make it stand upright 指建立、建造、安装、竖立、搭起
例：We decided to set up camp for the night我们决定搭帐篷过夜。
同义词：build up；put up
二、语法精讲
被动语态
1. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态常用于陈述事实，一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中。
2. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的执行者。
3. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
4. 一般现在时被动语态的谓语结构及各种句式：
1). 谓语结构：is/ am/ are+.及物动词的过去分词
2). 各种句式：
肯定式：The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。
否定式：The classroom isn't cleaned every day. 教室不是每天被打扫。
一般疑问句：Is the classroom cleaned every day 教室是每天被打扫吗？
特殊疑问句：What is cleaned every day 什么每天被打扫？
5. 一般过去时被动语态的谓语结构及各种句式：
1). 谓语结构：was/ were +.及物动词的过去分词
2). 各种句式：
肯定式： The ruler was found under the desk. 尺子是在书桌下被找到的。
否定式： The ruler wasn't found under the desk. 尺子不是在书桌下被找到的。
一般疑问句： Was the ruler found under the desk 尺子是在书桌下被找到的吗？
特殊疑问句：Where was the ruler found 尺子是在哪儿找到的？
6. 使用被动语态需要注意的几个特殊问题。
1). 带介词的不及物动词在变为被动语态时，介词不能漏掉。
2). 当动词由不带to 的动词不定式作宾补时，在被动语态中，应加上动词不定式符号"to"。
3). 当动词带双宾语时，在被动语态中，将其中的一个宾语作主语，另一个不动；如果是将指物的作主语，则在另一个指人的宾语前应加上介词"to"或"for"，具体用哪一个根据动词来确定。
备考满分练
一、单选题
1.In 1958, pinyin ______ by Chinese linguist(语言学家) Zhou Youguang and his team.
A.designs B.designed C.is designed D.was designed
2.—Two hundred people were killed in the earthquake, ________ 76 kids.
—What a pity!
A. includes B. included C. including D. include
3.Badaling part of the Ming Great Wall ________ many centuries ago. It is very famous in the world.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built
4.—What's the weather like in summer here
—It’s hot. Sometimes it rains _________.
A. especially B. heavily C. recently D. simply
5.—When does your son usually ________ in the morning
—At about 6:30.
A. set up B. wake up C. take up D. give up
6.—Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks ______ for their fins(鱼翅).
—I think shark trade should ______.
A. were killed, be stopped B. killed, stopped
C. are killed, be stopped D. will kill, will stop
7.— When shall we go and play basketball
— Not until the work ________.
A. is finished B. finishes C. will finish D. will be finished
8.High school students are required ________ part in the volunteer project every term.
A. take B. taking C. took D. to take
9.The bridge ________ Xinshougang Bridge in 2019.
A. names B. named C. is named D. was named
10.With this new lock, you needn't ________ keys in your bag any more. Isn’t it cool
A. cut off B. search for C. set up D. take down
二、填空题
11.She uses her car ________(主要地)for driving to work.
12.Thanksgiving Day is almost always ________ (庆祝) with a big turkey dinner.
13.Take care when you are driving, _________ (尤其,特别) in a snowy weather.
14.The Notre Dame Cathedral _____(burn) by a big fire on April 15, 2019.
15.Don't hand in your report until all the information _____(check).
三、阅读理解
Each nation has many good people who help to take care of others. For example, some high school and college students in the United States often spend many hours as volunteers in hospitals, orphanages (孤儿院) or homes for the aged. They read books to the people in these places, or they just visit them and play games with them or listen to their problems.
Other young people volunteers go and work in the homes of people who are sick or old. They paint, clean up, or repair their houses, do their shopping or mow their lawns. For boys who no longer have fathers there is an organization called Big Brothers. College students and other men take these boys to baseball games or on fishing trips and help them to get to know things that boys usually learn from their fathers.
Each city has a number of clubs where boys and girls can go to play games or learn crafts. Some of these clubs show movies or organize short trips to the mountains, the beaches, museums or other places of interest. Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to remember the problems of younger boys and girls.
Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others.
1. Where can you often find volunteers in the United States
A. At a bus-stop.
B. In a park.
C. In a hospital.
D. In a shop.
2. What do young volunteers do in the homes of sick and old people
A. They read books.
B. They play games with them.
C. They paint, clean up, or repair their houses, do their shopping or mow their lawns.
D. They just visit them and play games with them or listen to their problems.
3. What is Big Brothers
A. It's the name of a club.
B. It's a home for children who have no brothers.
C. It's the name of a film.
D. It's an organization for boys who no longer have fathers.
4. Why so most of the boys’ and girls’ clubs use many high school and college students as volunteers
A. Because they have a lot of free time.
B. Because they can still remember what they felt when they were younger.
C. Because they know how to do the work.
D. Because they like younger boys and girls.
5. What do volunteers believe
A. To make others happy, they have got to be unhappy.
B. The happiest people in the world are those who make themselves happy
C. the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others.
D. when they are happy, the others will be happy.
答案以及解析
1.答案：D
解析：句意: 1958年, 中国语言学家周有光和他的团队设计了拼音。根据In 1958可知，用一般过去时；句子的主语与谓语动词design是被动关系，用被动语态。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：考查动词的用法。句意：—200人在地震中丧生，包括76个孩子。includes，包括，三单形式；included动词过去式或过去分词；including介词；include动词原形。空格在逗号后，且后带宾语，应用介词形式。故选C。
3.答案：D
解析：考查被动语态。句意：明长城的八达岭部分是几百年前修建的。它在世界上非常有名。主语Badaling是动词build的承受者，需用be done被动语态结构，可排除前两项；结合时间状语"many centuries ago"，可知，是一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。
4.答案：B
解析：考查副词辨析。句意：——这里夏天的天气怎么样？——天气很热。有时下大雨。especially尤其是；heavily 大量地；recently 最近地；simply 简单的。根据题干"It's hot. Sometimes it rains…"，可知是说有时雨下得很大，heavily符合语境。故选B。
5.答案：B
解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意：——你儿子早上通常什么时候醒来？ ——大约6：30。set up建立；wake up醒来；take up占据；give up放弃。根据"in the morning"以及答语可知，此处问的是早上通常几点醒。故选B。
6.答案：C
解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：——每年，有超过7000000条鲨鱼被捕杀以获取鱼鳍。 ——我认为应该停止鲨鱼交易。由“Every year,”可知，第一个空应该用一般现在时， sharks与谓语动词kill是被动关系，因此第一个空应该用一般现在时的被动语态；第二个空的 shark trade 与动词stop是被动关系，而should是情态动词，因此第二个空应该用含有情态动词的被动语态。故选C。
7.答案：A
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：——我们什么时候去打篮球？——直到工作被完成。 work和动词"完成"之间是被动关系。这是not until引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来。根据"shall we go"可知表示将来的动作，回答句子动词用一般现在时的被动形式。故选A。
8.答案：D
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：高中生每学期都被要求参加志愿者项目。固定短语require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。故选D。
9.答案：D
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：2019年这座桥被命名为新首钢大桥。根据"in 2019"可知，句子讲述过去的事，是一般过去时。主语"The bridge"和动词"name"之间是被动关系，谓语动词用一般过去时的被动形式。主语是单数概念，表达动词"被命名"用"was named"。故选D。
10.答案：B
解析：考查动词短语。句意：有了这把新锁，你再也不用在包里找钥匙了。是不是很酷？ cut off切除；search for寻找；set up建立；take down拆除；记下。根据前句"With this new lock"可知，此处表示"不必在包里再找钥匙了"。故选B。
二、填空题
11.答案：mostly
12.答案：celebrated
13.答案：especially
14.答案：was burned/burnt
15.答案：is checked
三、阅读理解
答案：1-5CCDBC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据"For example, some high school and college students in the United States often spend many hours as volunteers in hospitals, orphanages (孤儿院) or homes for the aged."可知，美国的一些高中和大学生经常在医院、孤儿院或老年人之家中做志愿者。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据"Other young people volunteers go and work in the homes of people who are sick or old. They paint, clean up, or repair their houses, do their shopping or mow their lawns."可知，这些志愿者帮着做装饰，打扫卫生，修房子，买东西或着修草坪。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据"For boys who no longer have fathers there is an organization called Big Brothers."可知，这是一个为不再有父亲的男孩设立的组织。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据"Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to remember the problems of younger boys and girls."可知，需要俱乐部用高校生和大学生做志愿者，是因为他们仍然记得他们的问题。故选B。
5.细节理解题。根据"Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others."可知，志愿者们相信那些给他人带来幸福的人是最幸福的。故选C。
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