2024届高考英语二轮复习：动词的时态和语态课件-(共36张PPT)

(共36张PPT)
动词的时态和 语态
目 录
CONTENTS
1
2
3
4
时态的构成和含义
固定结构中的时态
语态的构成
语态的特殊考点
5
考场大练兵
01
时态的构成与含义
他每天都来。
他昨天来了.
他已经来了.
他明天来.
汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.
He came yesterday.
He has come.
He will come tomorrow.
He comes every day.
一.谓语动词的常见十大时态汇总
时 态 过去 过去将来 现在 将来
一般
进行
完成
完成进行
1. was, were
2.did
1. would be
2. would do
1. am, is are
2. do/ does
1. will be/ shall be
2. be going to do
3. be to do
4. be about to do
was/ were doing
am/ is/ are+ doing
will be doing
had done
have/ has done
will have done
have/ has been doing
一般将来时的多种表达方式
结构 含义
1. will/ shall do 主观性的，意愿性的将来 My sister will be ten next year.
2. be going to do 计划：We’re going to have a party tonight.
迹象：Look at the dark clouds．It’s going to rain.
3. be to do 1)表示正式的将来，一般用在会议发言等场合；
2）用在if 条件从句的从句部分表示“如果想要”
4. be about to 表示瞬间的将来(不与具体的时间状语连用)。The meeting is about to close. be about to do…when…
5. be doing 表示移动的瞬间动词(come, go, start, leave, arrive，return, begin, take, meet)用正在进行时表将来 Are they leaving for Europe
6. does 火车或飞机等时刻表安排的时间，用一般现在时表将来
Look at the timetable in your smart phone, and the aircraft for Paris takes off at 10 o’clock, thus we will not be late.
Our class begins at 8:00 every morning.
二. 八种时态的标志词
一般 现在时 often,usually,always,sometimes,never,seldom,every week/day/year/month...,once a week,on Sundays
一般 过去时 ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week/year/night/month...,in 1989,just now,at the age of five,one day,ago,long ago,once upon a time,then(那时),on that day,the other day(几天以前)
现在 进行时 now,these days,at this moment/time
过去 进行时 at this time yesterday, at that time或“when+一般过去时从句”,at 1:00 last night
现在 完成时 recently, recent years, these days/years, lately, since, for+时段,
In/over/during the past few years, ever since, in the last/past five months, up to now, since then, so far, ever, never, once, twice, three/four times..., already, yet, just
过去 完成时 before,by the end of last year/term/month
一般 将来时 tomorrow,next day/week/month/year...,soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,in the future
过去 将来时 the next day/morning/year...,the following month/week...
02
固定结构中的时态
固
定
句
型
1.这时…
2.是…次
做某事
1. Sb was/were doing…when…(did)
正在做…这时…
2. Sb was/were about to do…when…(did)
Sb was/were on the point of doing…when…(did)
正要做…这时…
3.Sb had done…when…(did)
刚做完…这时…
1. This/That/It is the first time that sb have/has done
2. This/That/It was the first time that sb had done
3.自从…
I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard
when I heard a voice behind me.
I was about to leave
when he came in.
I had just locked the door when I realized that
I had left my key on the kitchen table
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
This was the first time that we had seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
1. It is/has been+时间段+since+(did)
It has been three years since he smoked.他已经戒烟三年了。(延续动词)
It has been three years since he began to smoke.他吸烟有三年了。（瞬间动词）
固
定
句
型
4.一…就…
5.过了…才…
要过…才…
1. Hardly (had done)… +when (did)…
2. No sooner(had done)…+than(did)…
1. It was…before(did)…
I had hardly opened the door when Tom came in.
Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to rain.
No sooner had I got into the room than it began to rain.
It was some time before I knew the truth.过了很长一段时间我才悟出了真相。
2. It will be…before(do/does/am/is/are)…
It will be four years before he graduates. 要过四年他才能毕业。
It wasn’t two years before he left the country.还没到两年他就离开了这个国家。
It won’t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就能再见面。
6.到了该做…的时候了
1. It is (high) time that we should go to bed/ we went to bed.
03
语态的构成
情境导入-meaning
Do
(主动)
Be done
(被动)
The woman in yellow asked
the man in pink to take photos.
The man in pink was asked to
take photos by the woman in yellow.
主动语态：
主语是动作的执行者
被动语态：
主语是动作的承受者
各种时态的被动语态-----be done
时 态 过去 过去将来 现在 将来
一般 did would do do/does will do
进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will be doing
完成 had done have/ has done will have done
完成进行
was/ were done
would be done
am/is/are done
will be done
was/ were being done
am/is/are being done
had been done
have/ has been done
1. The painters are painting the gallery now.
The gallery is being painted by the painters.
2. The law will punish you some day.
You will be punished by the law some day.
3. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farms after
they have cut the wheat.
In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farms after
the wheat has been cut.
4. I enjoyed the party last night, and our hosts treated us well.
I enjoyed the party last night, and we were treated well by our host.
将下列句子由主动语态变为被动语态
1. 情态动词的被动
We should respect the old.
The old should be respected.
2. be going to do, used to do, have to do, had better do 的被动
The city is going to hold a big ceremony.
A big ceremony is going to be held by the city.
The teacher used to criticize me in class.
I used to be criticized by the teacher in class.
The manager has to put off the conference.
The conference has to be put off by the manager.
We had better put the plants indoor .
The plants had better be put indoor.
他们的被动你知道吗？
情态动词+be done
be going to be done
used to be done
have to be done
had better be done
04
语态的特殊考点
一.主动语态表示被动意义
系动词+形容词 look,sound,feel,smell, taste,prove,appear The soup smells good but tastes terrible.
不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态 cut,sell,read,write,fill, cook,lock,wash,drive, keep This kind of material washes easily.
The pen writes smoothly.
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.
表开始、结束、运动的动词 begin,finish,start,open, close,stop,end,run The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.
有些表示“需要”的动词后加动词的-ing形式 need,require,want,be worth Your hair wants cutting.
The floor requires washing.
The book is worth reading.
不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系 hard,difficult,easy,heavy, fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible The question is difficult to answer.
The box is heavy to carry.
The project is impossible to complete in a year.
二. 无被动语态的常见动词与动词短语
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：
appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, occur, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
have, own, marry, wish, cost, notice, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to, date from, date back to
The vase dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear（似乎）, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn（变得）等
It sounds good.
三.特殊形式的被动结构
be+过去分词+不定式 He is reported to have broken a world record.据报道他打破了世界纪录。
It+be+过去分词+从句 It is believed that...人们相信;It is generally considered that...一般认为;It is said that...据说;It is well known that...众所周知;
It must be pointed out that...必须指出的是;It is supposed that...应该是;It is reported that...据报道;It must be admitted that...需要承认的是;It is hoped that...希望
get+过去分词 get married 结婚;get hurt 受伤;get lost 迷路;
get caught/stuck/trapped 被困
谓语时态语态导览图
谓
语
动
词
过去
past
现在
present
将来
future
一般过去：did
过去进行：was/were doing
过去完成：had done
一般现在：do/does
现在进行：am/is/are doing
现在完成：has/have done
一般将来：will do
将来完成：will have done
was/were done
was/were being done
had been done
am/is/are done
am/is/are being done
has/have been done
will be done
will have been done
05
考场大练兵
解题策略
一、根据时间状语确定动词时态
二、根据上下文语境，挖掘其隐含信息，弄清时间的先后顺序，确定动作是发生在过去、现在还是将来
三、根据主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词的语态。被动语态中的主谓部分除了明显的被动关系外，还有特殊用法，如主动形式表被动意义。除此之外，还要考虑主谓一致问题。
四、根据固定句式确定动词时态
It‘s (high)time that sb．did sth．/should do sth.
[高考感悟]
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—_______________(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it ___________(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _____________(construct).”
touched
means
is constructed　
3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers _______________(carry) special significance.
4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was sure he would _______________(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister,the old man laughed.
5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and _______________(point) down the river.
carries
be chosen
pointed　
6.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,_______________(form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
7.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The parts of a museum open to the public _______________(call) galleries or rooms.
8.(2020·全国卷III) Truly elegant chopsticks might _________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
9.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ______________(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
formed
are called　
be made
have reported
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Actually,I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old._______________
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)For example,every morning,my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple._______________
3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples._______________
start→started
had→have
don’t→doesn’t
Ⅲ．语法填空
My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1.__________ (remind) me of myself. In the past，I 2.______ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height，my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed.
However, someone told me something that I will always remember. It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.__________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn’t help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.
reminds　
was　
pointed　
I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said，“You 4.______ (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5._____________ (accept) you for who you 6.______ (be). But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.______________ (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, I 8.______________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9._______ (love) me for who I am. Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10._______ (tell) me.
are　
will accept　
are　
was inspired　
have learned　
love　
told　
Ⅳ．短文改错
Today some classmates and I were served at the Capital Library as volunteers. At 9 o’clock, we gathered at the gate of the library. After getting into the library, we first trained by a librarian on when to operate the computers to borrow or return books. Then, wear the volunteer uniform，we got down to our work. Some help put books on the shelves but some offered assistance to the people who had difficulty using the computers. All of us took our tasks serious.
In the late afternoon, we said goodbye to the workers. On the way back, we share our feelings happily. By doing voluntary work, we are able to help others. We all believe volunteering is rewarding and looking forward to doing more voluntary work.
Ⅴ．增分写作训练
阅卷老师说：“在写作中，主动不如被动好”，即被动句比主动句表达更准确更生动。请利用被动语态升级以下句式。
1．We will exhibit all the works in the display hall on the third floor of the Art Center.
All the works will be exhibited in the display hall on the third floor of the Art Center.
2．We expect you to arrive at the main gate before 9 o’clock.
You are expected to arrive at the main gate before 9 o’clock.
3．We select the outstanding exhibits from 200 pieces of works handed in by the teachers and students.
The outstanding exhibits are selected from 200 pieces of works handed in by the teachers and students.
THANK YOU