2023届高考英语二轮复习：动词的时态语态和主谓一致课件(共24张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮复习：动词的时态语态和主谓一致课件(共24张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-06-18 20:55:15 | ||
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(共24张PPT)
主谓一致
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。当然，主谓一致并不单独考查。做题时还要注意与时态、语态及其他语法相结合。
一、主语——动作的发出者或描述说明的对象
在句子中，主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以位于谓语动词之后；祈使句通常省略主语you。能够充当主语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和主语从句等。
The match is due to be organized this Saturday afternoon in the city's stadium. (2019·全国卷II·书面表达)
这场比赛定于本周六下午在市体育馆举行。(名词短语作主语)
Mastering a foreign language will be of great help in our life.
掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词短语作主语)
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有被宣布。(从句作主语)
[名师指津] 当主语为从句或不定式短语等时，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。
It's a pity that you won't come to my birthday party.
很遗憾你不能参加我的生日晚会。(代词it充当形式主语，that引导主语从句)
二、谓语——主语的动作或具有的特征和状态
谓语用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1．简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practices running every morning.
他每天早晨练习跑步。(动词作谓语)
When he got up at 7：00 am，a big plan occurred to him.
他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词短语作谓语)
2．复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。
The host will like it if you have learned to use chopsticks. (2018·全国卷I·书面表达)
如果你学会用筷子，主人会喜欢的。(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语)
I am writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team. (2019·全国卷I·书面表达)
我写信是想申请成为你们队的志愿者。(“助动词＋实义动词”作谓语)
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
I am pleased to learn that there will be a Chinese painting exhibition at the local gallery.(2019·全国卷I·书面表达)
我很高兴得知当地美术馆将举办一次中国画展览。(系表结构作谓语)
一、语法一致原则
动名词、动词不定式、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
1
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.
爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
一、语法一致原则
主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致,我们也称其为“就远一致原则“。
2
Mr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。
I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。
一、语法一致原则
由“kind，type，sort，a quantity of，quantities of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
3
This new type of buses is now on show.
这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。
With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
＝With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
一、语法一致原则
“more than one/many a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。我们有时候也会称之为“形式一致原则”。
4
More than one person is involved in this.
与此事有牵连的不止一个人。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日即将举办的聚会。
二、意义一致原则
集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。
1
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
二、意义一致原则
the rest of...，the remaining/part...＋主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。
2
The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.
工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。
二、意义一致原则
分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。
3
About 50% of the land is suitable to grow plants.
大约50%的土地适合种植物。
About 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up.
这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调。
二、意义一致原则
单复数同形的名词作主语的情况。
单复数同形的名词，如means，works，sheep，deer，crossroads，series等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据具体情况而定。
4
There are various means of communicating with a stranger.
同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。
二、意义一致原则
从句作主语的情况。
从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据从句的意义决定。
5
That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised.
杰克出国了，这使我们都很惊讶。
What he says and acts do not agree.
他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事，是复数概念)
三、就近一致原则
由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also..., not…but…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
1
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
三、就近一致原则
由there be句型中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
2
There is a dog and two cats at the door.
门口有一条狗和两只猫。
There are two cats and a dog at the door.
其他常考点：
One of +复数名词主语，谓语用单数。
但是在定语从句中，one of +复数名词作先行词，在从句中作主语，则从句谓语用复数。
而同样是定语从句，如果one of前有the only修饰，则从句谓语动词用单数。
One of the students likes sports.
He is one of the students who like sports.
He is the only one of the students who likes sports.
2. the+形容词或分词作主语，指“一类人”时，谓语用复数；
指“一类物”时，谓语用单数。
The elderly are taken good care of there.
The beautiful is not always the useful.
3. and连接并列主语，谓语用复数；单如果是一个人的两个头衔，或一个整体的两个部分，则谓语用单数
A writer and a teacher are going to our school.
A writer and teacher is going to our school.
应考策略：
要有英语思维，时刻提醒自己英语中谓语有数的变。
理清思路，化繁就简，找准正确的主谓结构。
规则即策略，规则熟背于心，万变不离其宗。
温馨提醒：主谓一致常常会和时态，语态一起考查吆！
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____________________ (be) often acceptable.(全国卷Ⅱ)
2．Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might ____________________ (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(全国卷Ⅲ)
3．Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __________________ (be) too violent for use at the table. (全国卷Ⅲ)
4．Now Professor Smith，along with his assistants， (be) working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
5．Between the two rows of trees (stand) the teaching building.
is
stands
is
be made
were
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
6．So far，the government ______________(offer) tax reduction for bookstores to encourage the development of physical bookstores.(2020·山西太原期中考试)
7．Being devoted to your work ______________ (help) you to feel calm.(2020·湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试)
has offered
will help/helps
8. Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011，the country ____________ (grow) more corn than rice.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
9．When fat and salt ____________________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
has grown
are removed
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
10．The traditional Chinese marriage usually ______________ (involve) some necessary procedures，such as matchmaking，engagements，meeting the bride，and three bows.
11．Shenzhen ______________(be) a coastal city on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary，separated from Hong Kong by a natural river border.(2020·河南洛阳期中
involves
is
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1． I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple，it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.
requires
2. (One of my friends have sent me a short message，saying that true friends are one soul in two bodies，which moves me very much and makes me think what true friendship is.
has
3．She had made huge progress in the habit so far.
has
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1．早睡早起是一个好习惯。
2．我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
3．到目前为止，不止一名学生已经被录取到这家俱乐部。
4．电话铃响时我正好要上床睡觉。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.
More than one student has been admitted to the club so far.
I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.
thank you for listening
主谓一致
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。当然，主谓一致并不单独考查。做题时还要注意与时态、语态及其他语法相结合。
一、主语——动作的发出者或描述说明的对象
在句子中，主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以位于谓语动词之后；祈使句通常省略主语you。能够充当主语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和主语从句等。
The match is due to be organized this Saturday afternoon in the city's stadium. (2019·全国卷II·书面表达)
这场比赛定于本周六下午在市体育馆举行。(名词短语作主语)
Mastering a foreign language will be of great help in our life.
掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词短语作主语)
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有被宣布。(从句作主语)
[名师指津] 当主语为从句或不定式短语等时，为避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。
It's a pity that you won't come to my birthday party.
很遗憾你不能参加我的生日晚会。(代词it充当形式主语，that引导主语从句)
二、谓语——主语的动作或具有的特征和状态
谓语用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1．简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practices running every morning.
他每天早晨练习跑步。(动词作谓语)
When he got up at 7：00 am，a big plan occurred to him.
他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词短语作谓语)
2．复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。
The host will like it if you have learned to use chopsticks. (2018·全国卷I·书面表达)
如果你学会用筷子，主人会喜欢的。(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语)
I am writing to apply to be a volunteer of your team. (2019·全国卷I·书面表达)
我写信是想申请成为你们队的志愿者。(“助动词＋实义动词”作谓语)
(2)由系动词加表语构成。
I am pleased to learn that there will be a Chinese painting exhibition at the local gallery.(2019·全国卷I·书面表达)
我很高兴得知当地美术馆将举办一次中国画展览。(系表结构作谓语)
一、语法一致原则
动名词、动词不定式、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
1
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.
爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
一、语法一致原则
主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致,我们也称其为“就远一致原则“。
2
Mr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。
I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。
一、语法一致原则
由“kind，type，sort，a quantity of，quantities of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。
3
This new type of buses is now on show.
这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。
With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
＝With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
一、语法一致原则
“more than one/many a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。我们有时候也会称之为“形式一致原则”。
4
More than one person is involved in this.
与此事有牵连的不止一个人。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日即将举办的聚会。
二、意义一致原则
集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。
1
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
二、意义一致原则
the rest of...，the remaining/part...＋主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。
2
The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.
工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。
二、意义一致原则
分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。
3
About 50% of the land is suitable to grow plants.
大约50%的土地适合种植物。
About 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up.
这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调。
二、意义一致原则
单复数同形的名词作主语的情况。
单复数同形的名词，如means，works，sheep，deer，crossroads，series等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据具体情况而定。
4
There are various means of communicating with a stranger.
同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。
二、意义一致原则
从句作主语的情况。
从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据从句的意义决定。
5
That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised.
杰克出国了，这使我们都很惊讶。
What he says and acts do not agree.
他的言行不一致。(指他说的话和他做的事，是复数概念)
三、就近一致原则
由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also..., not…but…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
1
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
三、就近一致原则
由there be句型中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
2
There is a dog and two cats at the door.
门口有一条狗和两只猫。
There are two cats and a dog at the door.
其他常考点：
One of +复数名词主语，谓语用单数。
但是在定语从句中，one of +复数名词作先行词，在从句中作主语，则从句谓语用复数。
而同样是定语从句，如果one of前有the only修饰，则从句谓语动词用单数。
One of the students likes sports.
He is one of the students who like sports.
He is the only one of the students who likes sports.
2. the+形容词或分词作主语，指“一类人”时，谓语用复数；
指“一类物”时，谓语用单数。
The elderly are taken good care of there.
The beautiful is not always the useful.
3. and连接并列主语，谓语用复数；单如果是一个人的两个头衔，或一个整体的两个部分，则谓语用单数
A writer and a teacher are going to our school.
A writer and teacher is going to our school.
应考策略：
要有英语思维，时刻提醒自己英语中谓语有数的变。
理清思路，化繁就简，找准正确的主谓结构。
规则即策略，规则熟背于心，万变不离其宗。
温馨提醒：主谓一致常常会和时态，语态一起考查吆！
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____________________ (be) often acceptable.(全国卷Ⅱ)
2．Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might ____________________ (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(全国卷Ⅲ)
3．Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __________________ (be) too violent for use at the table. (全国卷Ⅲ)
4．Now Professor Smith，along with his assistants， (be) working on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
5．Between the two rows of trees (stand) the teaching building.
is
stands
is
be made
were
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
6．So far，the government ______________(offer) tax reduction for bookstores to encourage the development of physical bookstores.(2020·山西太原期中考试)
7．Being devoted to your work ______________ (help) you to feel calm.(2020·湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试)
has offered
will help/helps
8. Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011，the country ____________ (grow) more corn than rice.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
9．When fat and salt ____________________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
has grown
are removed
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
10．The traditional Chinese marriage usually ______________ (involve) some necessary procedures，such as matchmaking，engagements，meeting the bride，and three bows.
11．Shenzhen ______________(be) a coastal city on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary，separated from Hong Kong by a natural river border.(2020·河南洛阳期中
involves
is
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1． I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple，it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one.
requires
2. (One of my friends have sent me a short message，saying that true friends are one soul in two bodies，which moves me very much and makes me think what true friendship is.
has
3．She had made huge progress in the habit so far.
has
Ⅲ. 翻译句子
1．早睡早起是一个好习惯。
2．我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
3．到目前为止，不止一名学生已经被录取到这家俱乐部。
4．电话铃响时我正好要上床睡觉。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun was shining.
More than one student has been admitted to the club so far.
I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.
thank you for listening