专练08 选词填空- 高二英语下学期期末题型专项训练 含答案（外研版2019）
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| 名称 | 专练08 选词填空- 高二英语下学期期末题型专项训练 含答案（外研版2019） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-06-19 19:39:17 | ||
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专练08 选词填空- 高二英语下学期期末题型专项训练（外研版2019）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Not that there is one word more than you need.
A．spread B．predicted C． key D．advances E. agricultural F. invention G. continued H. exchanging I. continents J. seeking
When did globalization begin Many scholars say it started with Columbus’s voyage to the New World in 1492. Yet people traveled to nearby and faraway places long before his voyage, 1 their ideas, products, and customs along the way. The Silk Road is perhaps the most well-known early example. As globalization developed, new technologies played a 2 role in the Silk Road trade. Advances in transportation led to the building of roads connecting the major empires of the day, and increased 3 production meant more food could be transported. Along with all kinds of products, ideas such as Buddhist beliefs and the secrets of paper-making also 4 through trading.
Unquestionably, these types of exchanges were accelerated (加速) in the Age of Exploration, when European explorers were 5 new sea routes to Asia. Again, technology played an important role in the maritime (海上的) trade routes that flourished between the old and the newly discovered 6 .
The web of globalization 7 to spread out through the Age of Revolution, when ideas about liberty and equality spread like fire from America to France to Latin America and beyond. It rode the waves of industrialization, colonization, and war through the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, powered by the 8 of factories, railways, steamboats, cars, and planes.
With the Information Age, globalization went into overdrive. The 9 in computer and communications technology launched a new global era and redefined what it meant to be “connected.”
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．cover B．admitted C． basis D．association E. claiming F. impressed G. graciously H. assume I. draft J. desperate K. defining
Ernest Hemingway was a commanding figure in 20th-century literature. He began the original 10 of his first novel, “The Sun Also Rises,” which he finished in just nine weeks during the summer of 1925. Through his 11 with F. Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway’s work came to the notice of Charles Scribner publishers, who published “The Sun Also Rises” in 1926. This was Hemingway’s breakthrough, proving to be both a commercial and critical success. It ushered in a new writing style for which the world was more than ready. However, not everyone was 12 .
In 1929, Fitzgerald also suggested numerous revisions for “A Farewell to Arms.” Hemingway took some of these, but less 13 , and soon afterward his friendship with Fitzgerald came to an end.
As Hemingway’s start elevated, his private life began to be revealed. He had frequent fallings out with his literary pals as he started to 14 the role of the master to their apprenticeships. His temper was volcanic and would sometimes lead to fist fights.
In 1937, he made the decision to 15 the Spanish Civil War. Hemingway arrived in Spain as a reporter for the American newspaper Alliance. His months in Spain provided the 16 for Hemingway’s best-selling novel about the civil war, “For Whom the Bell Tolls”.
During the late 1940’s Hemingway’s excessive drinking began to take a toll on his physical and mental health. For the first time, the quality of his writing began to suffer, which was hugely frustrating for him. For the first time Hemingway felt the sting of literary rejection. However, he completed his next novel in just 8 weeks. “The Old Man and the Sea” became the 17 work of his career, silencing the critics and 18 the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Literature.
In 1960, he was 19 to the Mayo Clinic and given electroshock therapy to treat his depression. This robbed the master wordsmith of his greatest writing tool – his memory. Ernest Hemingway committed suicide with his favorite hunting rifle on July 2, 1961.
选词填空
represent; category; increase; face; emotion; appropriately; tend; convey
Mobile phones are playing a(n) 20 important role in modern life and people use them 21 information and communicate emotions，most of whom use emojis. Emojis are small symbols 22 ideas，emotions or feelings，which come in different 23 and becoming more and more popular in today’s world. This is because they add 24 meaning，and are quick and easy to use，through which people can “see” your 25 expression. Meanwhile，it can also relieve embarrassed situations where people cannot find the 26 words to express their feelings. Believe it or not，emojis will not only have become a real pictorial “language” but also have a 27 to pop up all over the world.
Learn more about the benefits and drawbacks of the plete the conversations with the correct forms of the words below.
update false theft access upset account benefit download database
A: Do you have any bicycle rental apps
B: No, though I’ve heard about them. How do you use them
A: Just 28 an app on your smartphone. You can find the nearest bike in the app. Just enter the bike number in the app and then you can ride it.
B: That’s cool, isn’t it They must have to constantly 29 their 30 .
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．expedition B．evidently C． developed D．facility E. accommodation F. isolated G. enhanced H. hardly I. practically J. honor K. housed
Americans have occupied the geographic South Pole continuously since November 1956. The station stands at an elevation of 2,835 meters on Antarctica’s nearly featureless ice sheet, which is about 2,700 meters thick at that location and recorded temperature varies between-13.6℃and-82. 8℃.
The station’s name is in 31 of Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott, who reached the South Pole in 1911 and 1912.
The original Amundsen-Scott Station, built to support the scientific goals of the International Geophysical Year, was begun in November 1956. As interest in polar research increased, a new design and a larger station was 32 necessary.
Before November 1956, there was no permanent artificial structure at the pole, and 33 no human presence in the interior of Antarctica. The few scientific stations in Antarctica were near its coast.
In 1975 the central area of the station was rebuilt. Detached buildings 34 instruments for monitoring the upper and lower atmosphere and for numerous projects in astronomy. In 1997, a redevelopment plan to upgrade the station began. The new station, which was dedicated in 2008, is one elevated and connected 35 . To cater to changes in population from winter to summer, certain areas can be closed. Remote science facilities are being 36 and are located away from the main station to minimize interference between necessary operations and science.
As part of the elevated station, the existing arch(拱顶)was used for fuel storage and waste management. New arches provide 37 for the power plant and garage shops. The benefits of elevated structures include reduced snow drifting, increased building life, smaller environmental impact, 38 safety, and more cost-effective construction.
Some 50 scientists and support personnel winter at the station, and up to 150 people work there during the summer. The station’s winter personnel are 39 between mid-February and late October.
The station has collected the longest continuous set of meteorological data from Antarctica’s vast interior ice area, and it is well located for 40 and research. Astronomy and astrophysics have flourished in recent years, taking advantage of excellent properties of the atmosphere. Other areas of interest include glaciology, ocean and climate systems, astrophysics, astronomy, and biology.
阅读下面小短文，根据上下文语境，选择合适的单词填入空白处，每个单词只使用一次，每个方框里有一个是多余的单词。
A．shadow B．transformed C． outbreak D．handle E. established F. suspected
When a severe 41 of cholera hit Europe, a big 42 was cast on John Snow. Snow 43 the water pump was to blame. The moment he confirmed his assumption, he had the pump 44 removed. Finally, the disease was stopped. In his use of map tracing and statistics, not only did Snow conquer cholera, but he also 45 the way scientists studied diseases.
Directions: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is only one word more than you need.
A．indivisible B．resolve C． horizons D．challenge E. secure F. will G. sights H. triumph I. suspended J. press K. struck
Inaugural (就职的) Address by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.THE PRESIDENT: Chief Justice Roberts, Vice President Harris, Speaker Pelosi, Leader Schumer, Leader McConnell, Vice President Pence, distinguished guests, and my fellow Americans:
This is Americans day. This is democracy’s day. A day of history and hope. Of renewal and 46 . Through a crucible (磨炼) for the ages America has been tested a new and America has risen to the 47 .
Today, we celebrate the 48 not of a candidate, but of a cause, the cause of democracy. The 49 of the people has been heard and has been heeded. We have learned again that democracy is precious. Democracy is fragile. And at this hour, my friends, democracy has prevailed.
So now, on this hallowed ground where just days ago violence sought to shake this Capitol’s very foundation, we come together as one nation, under God, 50 to carry out the peaceful transfer of power as we have for more than two centuries. We look ahead in our uniquely American way — restless, bold, optimistic — and set our 51 on the nation we know we can be and we must be.
Over the centuries through storm and strife, in peace and in war, we have come so far. But we still have far to go. We will 52 forward with speed and urgency, for we have much to do in this winter of peril and possibility. Much to repair. Much to restore. Much to heal. Much to build. And much to gain.
Few periods in our nation’s history have been more challenging or difficult than the one we’re in now. A once-in-a-century virus silently 53 the country. it’s taken as many lives in one year as America lost in all of World War IL Millions of jobs have been lost. Hundreds of thousands of businesses closed. A cry for racial justice some 400 years in the making moves us. The dream of justice for all will be 54 no longer.
A cry for survival comes from the planet itself. A cry that can’t be any more desperate or any more clear.
And now, a rise in political extremism, white supremacy, domestic terrorism that we must confront and we will defeat.
To overcome these challenges—to restore the soul and to 55 the future of America—requires more than words. It requires that most elusive of things in a democracy: Unity.
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word con only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．virtually B．swiftly C． avoiding D．appeal E. feasible F. imposed G. reducing H. released I. limited J. fuel K. authority
It sounds like a science-fiction nightmare. But “killer robots” have the likes of British scientist Step hen Hawking and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak warning the machines could 56 ethnic cleansings (种族清洗) and an arms race.
Autonomous weapons, which use artificial intelligence to select targets without human intervention have been described as “the third revolution in warfare, after gunpowder and nuclear arms,” about 1,000 teach scientists wrote in an open letter on July 28, 2015.
Unlike drones, which require a human hand in their action, this kind of robot would have some autonomous decision-making abilities and the capacity to act on its own 57 .
“The key question for humanity today is whether to start a global AI(artificial intelligence)arms race or to prevent it from starting,” they wrote. “If any major military power pushes ahead with AI weapon development, a global arms race is 58 inevitable,” said the letter 59 at the opening of the 2015 International Joint conference on Artificial intelligence in Buenos Aires.
The idea of an automated killing machine, made famous by Amold Schwarzenegger’s Terminator, is moving 60 from science fiction to reality, according to the scientists. “The organization of such systems is — practically if not legally — 61 within years, not decades,” the letter said.
The development of such weapons, while potentially 62 the extent of battlefield injuries, might also lower the necessity for going to battle, noted the scientists.
The scientists painted a terrible scenario in which autonomous weapons fall into the hands of terrorists, dictators or war lords hoping to carry out ethnic clean sings.
The group concluded with a(n) 63 for a “ban on offensive autonomous weapons beyond meaningful human control.”
In a 2014 BBC interview, Howking said the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. “It would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever increasing rate. Humans, who are 64 by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete, and would be replaced,” he said.
Authorities are gradually waking up to the risk of robot wars. Last May, the US government 65 a 10-year human control requirement on automated weapons. For the first time, the United Nations brought governments together to begin talks on so-called fatal autonomous weapons systems that can select targets and carry out attacks without direct human intervention.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．literally B．barrier C． Eventually D．find E. examines F. features G. innovations H. mean I. professional J. striking K. well-positioned
The Best Company to Work ForEvery year, Fortune magazine published a list of the ‘100 Best Companies to Work For’. How does the magazine choose the companies Firstly, it uses a survey: 350 employees answer 57 questions about their company. Secondly, Fortune looks at important 66 of companies: for example, pay, benefits, and communication between workers and management. Finally, the magazine 67 the results to find its Top 100.
Wegmans Food Markets, which ranks No. 1 on the list, has a motto (座右铭), ‘Employees first, customers second’, and it is also one of the 50 largest private companies in the US, with annual sales of $3.6 billion, according to Forbes magazine. Apparently, being good to your employees is no 68 to making money.
How much of Wegmans’ success is due to the company’s policies ‘Up to a point, the success is because of the freedom they give us,’ says one employee. ‘On the other hand, no company gets rich just by not being 69 to its employees. Wegmans has great marketing strategies and it’s 70 within the community. I’ve been here for 15 years. Looking back, I’d say that the company’s 71 for customers, such as the Shoppers’ Club electronic discount programme in the 1990s, have been just as important as the benefits to staff. ’
But the employee benefits are 72 . Fundamentally, Wegmans believes in 73 development. As well as scholarships, the company gives its employees business opportunities. For years, one employee made delicious cookies for her colleagues. 74 , she started selling the cookies in Wegmans. ‘I just asked the manager,’ she says. ‘While looking back, I think should have asked earlier. I could have made more money!’
The staff’s freedom to make decisions is another thing you won’t 75 everywhere. Essentially, Wegmans wants its workers to do almost anything to please the customers. Believe it or not, an employee once cooked a Thanksgiving turkey in the store for a customer because the woman’s turkey, bought in Wegmans, was too big for her oven.
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．moderation B．commercial C． present D．arises E. existing F. responded G. involved H. available I. processing J. accurately K. closely
Computer programs recognize white men better than black womenSoftware that recognizes faces has bounded ahead in recent years, aroused by a boom in a form of artificial intelligence called deep learning. Several firms now offer face recognition as a 76 service, via their respective clouds. The ability to recognize in faces such things as an individual’s sex has improved too, and this is also commercially 77 .
The algorithms(算法) 78 have, however, long been suspected of bias. Specifically, they are declared to be better at 79 white faces than those of other people. Until now, that suspicion has been unsupported by evidence. But next week, at Fairness, Accountability and Transparency, a conference in New York, Joy Buolamwini of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology will 80 work which suggests it is true.
Ms Buolamwini and her colleague Timnit Gebru looked at three sex-recognition systems, those of IBM, Microsoft and Facebook. They tested these on a set of 1,270 photographs of parliamentarians(国会议员) from around the world and found that all three classified lighter faces more 81 than darker ones. All also classified males more accurately than females. IBM’s algorithm, for example, got light male faces wrong just 0.3% of the time. That compared with 34.7% of the time for dark female faces. The other two systems had similar gulfs in their performances. Probably, this bias 82 from the sets of data the firms concerned used to train their software. Ms Buolamwini and Ms Gebru could not, however, test this because those data sets are 83 guarded.
IBM has 84 quickly. It said it had retrained its system on a new data set for the past year, and that this had greatly improved its accuracy . When testing the new system on an updated version of the set of politicians Ms Buolamwini and Ms Gebru had used, the firm said it now achieved an error rate of 3.46% on dark-skinned female faces—a tenth of that the two researchers had found using the 85 system. For light-skinned males the error rate also fell, to 0.25%.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
One Medical
On Thursday, Amazon announced its first major acquisition (收购) under Mr. Jassy’s occupation as C．E.O., spending $3.9 billion for One Medical, a chain of primary care clinics around the country. The deal is a sign of Amazon’s health care ambitions. As the company has 86 from one business to another — including books, CDs, electronics, dog food and clothes — it has had to look in less obvious spots to find opportunities that can provide meaningful 87 .
Health care has been 88 to Amazon executives who believe it is an extremely large market, filled with inefficiencies and generally lacking the kind of 89 approach that Amazon tries to take with its businesses. “We think health care is high on the list of experiences that need 90 ,” Neil Lindsay, the senior vice president of Amazon Health Services, said in a statement announcing the deal. He also listed some of the 91 of modern health care: booking appointments, sitting in waiting rooms, even finding a parking spot.
Amazon wants to be the “front door” through which customers 92 health care. That One Medical sees about five times as many virtual visits as 93 appointments most likely made it attractive to Amazon. The company also has something Amazon values 94 : data. One Medical built its own electronic medical records system, and it has 15 years’ worth of medical and health-system data. While individual patient records are generally protected under federal health privacy laws, the big data skill that has 95 Amazon’s success can be powerful in health care — for predicting costs, targeting interventions and developing products and treatments.
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
A．guarantee B．boost C． barely D．distractions E. literally F. spare G. towering H. critical I. excessive J. packing K. available
It Doesn’t Have to be Crazy at WorkHow often have you heard someone say “It’s crazy at work” Maybe you’ve even said it yourself. For many, “It’s crazy at work” has become their normal. But why so crazy
There are two primary reasons: (1) The workday is being sliced into tiny, fleeting work moments by an onslaught of physical and virtual 96 . (2)And an unhealthy obsession with growth at any cost set 97 , unrealistic expectations that stress people out.
It’s no wonder people are working longer, earlier, later, on weekends, and whenever they have a(n) 98 moment. That turns life into work’s left-overs. The doggie bag.
What’s worse is that long hours, 99 busyness, and lack of sleep have become a badge of honor for many people these days. Sustained exhaustion is not a badge of honor. Instead, it’s a(n) 100 of a physical and mental breakdown.
Besides, everyone’s talking about how to 101 productivity these days. There’s an endless stream of methodologies and tools promising to make people more productive. But more productive at what
Productivity is for machines, not for people. There’s nothing meaningful about 102 some number of work units into some amount of time or squeezing more into less. Machines can 103 work 24/7, but humans can’t.
When people focus on productivity, they end up focusing on being busy. Filling every moment with something to do. And there’s always more to do!
But we should not believe in busyness. We should believe in effectiveness. How little can we do How much can we cut out Instead of adding to-dos, we add to-don’ts.
Being productive is about occupying your time - filling your schedule to the brim and getting as much done as you can. Being effective is about finding more of your time unoccupied and 104 for other things besides work. Time for leisure, time for family and friends. Or time for doing absolutely nothing.
Yes, it is perfectly acceptable to have nothing to do. Or, better yet, nothing worth doing. If you’ve only got three hours of work to do on a given day, then stop. Don’t fill your day with five more just to stay busy or feel productive. Not doing something that is 105 worth doing is a wonderful way to spend your time.
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．artificial B．reflect C． remains D．accidentally E. overtaken F. recover G. disappearance H. functionally I. scheme J. adaptations K. preserved
A Mammoth ProjectA US company called Colossal has raised 11 million dollars to bring mammoths (猛犸象) back from extinction. Mammoths died out about 3,700 years ago but their bodies are sometimes 106 in ice. This allows scientists to 107 their DNA, which could hold the key to bringing mammoths back to life.
A team of scientists at Colossal plan to use information from mammoth 108 to edit the DNA of Asian elephants — their closest living relatives. The team will focus on DNA that is linked to bushy hair and other 109 for cold weather. These were what helped mammoths survive on the Arctic steppe — ancient chilly grasslands. By adding this DNA to egg cells from Asian elephants, they hope to create an elephant-mammoth mix, which could develop into a baby either inside a living Indian elephant or in a(n) 110 organ.
Colossal hopes that the first set of calves could be born this way in six years. “We want something that is 111 equivalent to the mammoth, that will enjoy its time at - 40°C and do all the things that elephants and mammoths do, in particular knocking down trees,” said Church, the founder of Colossal. It’s hoped that the destructive habits of the hybrids (杂交种) could help restore areas of Arctic steppe that have been 112 by trees since mammoths became extinct. That can help keep the world cooler.
Arctic grasslands 113 more heat from the Sun than forests and can absorb more of the gases released by human activity. However, not everyone agrees with the 114 . Professor Adrian says the extinction of mammoths had little to do with the 115 of steppe grasslands. He points out that it would take thousands of mammoths to have an effect on the environment.
根据篇章意思，选择合适短语并用其正确形式填空。
carry on make progress figure out result in be determined to
Humans have always had a natural curiosity about space. Long before the mid-20th century, many scientists 116 help humans realize their dreams. And space travel became a reality with the success of American and Soviet space missions. Mankind is exploring space in the hope of 117 more about the universe. Space travel has always involved great risks. One of the most dangerous parts of space exploration is helping people to escape the earth’s gravity. If something goes wrong during the launch, it can 118 an accident that kills everyone on board. Despite the huge risks, scientists 119 exploration. So far, China 120 in space exploration, becoming the third country to send humans to space. The future of space exploration looks bright as many countries are planning further missions.
Directions: After reading the passage below； fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A．debate B．obviously C． minimized D．digits E. feasible F. initially G. sales H. applied I. criticized J. inevitable K. basis
Criticisms of Space TourismSpace tourism is actually not a new or even a 21st-century concept. NASA imagined the possibility of space tourism back in the 1970s. Space tourism was 121 a hopeful concept, one focused on increasing access for ordinary citizens to visit space. However, the modern space tourism industry looks different as early ticket 122 by Virgin Galactic ranged from S200,000-$250,000; Blue Origin has not announced ticket prices, but it recently sold one seat for $28 million as part of a charity sale. This 123 prices access to space well outside the range of all but the extremely wealthy； it's one of the primary criticisms of space tourism today.
Part of the reason spaceflight is so expensive is that just a few people are carried at a time. "If you want to get to get the price from $250,000 down to four 124 , like an airline, you have to spread it over far more bodies," Ron Epstein, an aerospace analyst. But it might be decades before companies get to that point. The costs for fuel and energy currently don't make it 125 to offer space travel to large numbers of people.
Another complaint is that the funds spent on spaceflight might be better spent elsewhere such as solving problems here on Earth. Alan Ladwig, a writer, says this commentary is not without 126 —or historical precedent（先例）as people said the same thing about NASA．"There has been criticism that money spent in space would be better 127 to other societal needs. This has been a matter of 128 for a range of space activities for the past 60 years and is not likely to change regardless of what happens with space tourism," he says. And several items we take for granted like memory foam and scratch-resistant eyeglass lenses, came from NASA inventions.
Finally, space tourism is 129 for its environmental impact. "The most often talked about 'harm' involves pollution caused by black carbon from some spacecraft engines," Ladwig explains. "Virgin Galactic has 130 this problem, saying is impact on climate change is minor and that it also plans to invest in sustainable fuels for the future. Blue Origin's engines rely on liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that burns as water vapor. However, critics note that it still takes electricity to manufacture the fuels."
参考答案：
1．H 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．J 6．I 7．G 8．F 9．D
10．I 11．D 12．F 13．G 14．H 15．A 16．C 17．K 18．E 19．B
20．increasingly 21．to convey 22．representing 23．categories 24．emotional 25．facial 26．appropriate 27．tendency
28．download 29．update 30．databases
31．J
32．B 33．I
34．K 35．D 36．C 37．E 38．G 39．F 40．A
41．C 42．A 43．F 44．D 45．B
46．B 47．D 48．H 49．F 50．A 51．G 52．J 53．K 54．I 55．E
56．J 57．K 58．A 59．H 60．B 61．E 62．G 63．D 64．I 65．F
66．F 67．E 68．B 69．H 70．K 71．G 72．J 73．I 74．C 75．D
76．B 77．H 78．G 79．I 80．C 81．J 82．D
83．K 84．F 85．E
86．I 87．F 88．C 89．D 90．J 91．B 92．A 93．H 94．E 95．G
96．D 97．G 98．F 99．I 100．B 101．A 102．J 103．E 104．K 105．C
106．K 107．F 108．C 109．J 110．A 111．H 112．E 113．B 114．I 115．G
116．were determined to 117．figuring out 118．result in 119．carry on 120．has made progress
121．F 122．G 123．B 124．D 125．E 126．K 127．H 128．A 129．I 130．C
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专练08 选词填空- 高二英语下学期期末题型专项训练（外研版2019）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Not that there is one word more than you need.
A．spread B．predicted C． key D．advances E. agricultural F. invention G. continued H. exchanging I. continents J. seeking
When did globalization begin Many scholars say it started with Columbus’s voyage to the New World in 1492. Yet people traveled to nearby and faraway places long before his voyage, 1 their ideas, products, and customs along the way. The Silk Road is perhaps the most well-known early example. As globalization developed, new technologies played a 2 role in the Silk Road trade. Advances in transportation led to the building of roads connecting the major empires of the day, and increased 3 production meant more food could be transported. Along with all kinds of products, ideas such as Buddhist beliefs and the secrets of paper-making also 4 through trading.
Unquestionably, these types of exchanges were accelerated (加速) in the Age of Exploration, when European explorers were 5 new sea routes to Asia. Again, technology played an important role in the maritime (海上的) trade routes that flourished between the old and the newly discovered 6 .
The web of globalization 7 to spread out through the Age of Revolution, when ideas about liberty and equality spread like fire from America to France to Latin America and beyond. It rode the waves of industrialization, colonization, and war through the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, powered by the 8 of factories, railways, steamboats, cars, and planes.
With the Information Age, globalization went into overdrive. The 9 in computer and communications technology launched a new global era and redefined what it meant to be “connected.”
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．cover B．admitted C． basis D．association E. claiming F. impressed G. graciously H. assume I. draft J. desperate K. defining
Ernest Hemingway was a commanding figure in 20th-century literature. He began the original 10 of his first novel, “The Sun Also Rises,” which he finished in just nine weeks during the summer of 1925. Through his 11 with F. Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway’s work came to the notice of Charles Scribner publishers, who published “The Sun Also Rises” in 1926. This was Hemingway’s breakthrough, proving to be both a commercial and critical success. It ushered in a new writing style for which the world was more than ready. However, not everyone was 12 .
In 1929, Fitzgerald also suggested numerous revisions for “A Farewell to Arms.” Hemingway took some of these, but less 13 , and soon afterward his friendship with Fitzgerald came to an end.
As Hemingway’s start elevated, his private life began to be revealed. He had frequent fallings out with his literary pals as he started to 14 the role of the master to their apprenticeships. His temper was volcanic and would sometimes lead to fist fights.
In 1937, he made the decision to 15 the Spanish Civil War. Hemingway arrived in Spain as a reporter for the American newspaper Alliance. His months in Spain provided the 16 for Hemingway’s best-selling novel about the civil war, “For Whom the Bell Tolls”.
During the late 1940’s Hemingway’s excessive drinking began to take a toll on his physical and mental health. For the first time, the quality of his writing began to suffer, which was hugely frustrating for him. For the first time Hemingway felt the sting of literary rejection. However, he completed his next novel in just 8 weeks. “The Old Man and the Sea” became the 17 work of his career, silencing the critics and 18 the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Literature.
In 1960, he was 19 to the Mayo Clinic and given electroshock therapy to treat his depression. This robbed the master wordsmith of his greatest writing tool – his memory. Ernest Hemingway committed suicide with his favorite hunting rifle on July 2, 1961.
选词填空
represent; category; increase; face; emotion; appropriately; tend; convey
Mobile phones are playing a(n) 20 important role in modern life and people use them 21 information and communicate emotions，most of whom use emojis. Emojis are small symbols 22 ideas，emotions or feelings，which come in different 23 and becoming more and more popular in today’s world. This is because they add 24 meaning，and are quick and easy to use，through which people can “see” your 25 expression. Meanwhile，it can also relieve embarrassed situations where people cannot find the 26 words to express their feelings. Believe it or not，emojis will not only have become a real pictorial “language” but also have a 27 to pop up all over the world.
Learn more about the benefits and drawbacks of the plete the conversations with the correct forms of the words below.
update false theft access upset account benefit download database
A: Do you have any bicycle rental apps
B: No, though I’ve heard about them. How do you use them
A: Just 28 an app on your smartphone. You can find the nearest bike in the app. Just enter the bike number in the app and then you can ride it.
B: That’s cool, isn’t it They must have to constantly 29 their 30 .
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．expedition B．evidently C． developed D．facility E. accommodation F. isolated G. enhanced H. hardly I. practically J. honor K. housed
Americans have occupied the geographic South Pole continuously since November 1956. The station stands at an elevation of 2,835 meters on Antarctica’s nearly featureless ice sheet, which is about 2,700 meters thick at that location and recorded temperature varies between-13.6℃and-82. 8℃.
The station’s name is in 31 of Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott, who reached the South Pole in 1911 and 1912.
The original Amundsen-Scott Station, built to support the scientific goals of the International Geophysical Year, was begun in November 1956. As interest in polar research increased, a new design and a larger station was 32 necessary.
Before November 1956, there was no permanent artificial structure at the pole, and 33 no human presence in the interior of Antarctica. The few scientific stations in Antarctica were near its coast.
In 1975 the central area of the station was rebuilt. Detached buildings 34 instruments for monitoring the upper and lower atmosphere and for numerous projects in astronomy. In 1997, a redevelopment plan to upgrade the station began. The new station, which was dedicated in 2008, is one elevated and connected 35 . To cater to changes in population from winter to summer, certain areas can be closed. Remote science facilities are being 36 and are located away from the main station to minimize interference between necessary operations and science.
As part of the elevated station, the existing arch(拱顶)was used for fuel storage and waste management. New arches provide 37 for the power plant and garage shops. The benefits of elevated structures include reduced snow drifting, increased building life, smaller environmental impact, 38 safety, and more cost-effective construction.
Some 50 scientists and support personnel winter at the station, and up to 150 people work there during the summer. The station’s winter personnel are 39 between mid-February and late October.
The station has collected the longest continuous set of meteorological data from Antarctica’s vast interior ice area, and it is well located for 40 and research. Astronomy and astrophysics have flourished in recent years, taking advantage of excellent properties of the atmosphere. Other areas of interest include glaciology, ocean and climate systems, astrophysics, astronomy, and biology.
阅读下面小短文，根据上下文语境，选择合适的单词填入空白处，每个单词只使用一次，每个方框里有一个是多余的单词。
A．shadow B．transformed C． outbreak D．handle E. established F. suspected
When a severe 41 of cholera hit Europe, a big 42 was cast on John Snow. Snow 43 the water pump was to blame. The moment he confirmed his assumption, he had the pump 44 removed. Finally, the disease was stopped. In his use of map tracing and statistics, not only did Snow conquer cholera, but he also 45 the way scientists studied diseases.
Directions: complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is only one word more than you need.
A．indivisible B．resolve C． horizons D．challenge E. secure F. will G. sights H. triumph I. suspended J. press K. struck
Inaugural (就职的) Address by President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.THE PRESIDENT: Chief Justice Roberts, Vice President Harris, Speaker Pelosi, Leader Schumer, Leader McConnell, Vice President Pence, distinguished guests, and my fellow Americans:
This is Americans day. This is democracy’s day. A day of history and hope. Of renewal and 46 . Through a crucible (磨炼) for the ages America has been tested a new and America has risen to the 47 .
Today, we celebrate the 48 not of a candidate, but of a cause, the cause of democracy. The 49 of the people has been heard and has been heeded. We have learned again that democracy is precious. Democracy is fragile. And at this hour, my friends, democracy has prevailed.
So now, on this hallowed ground where just days ago violence sought to shake this Capitol’s very foundation, we come together as one nation, under God, 50 to carry out the peaceful transfer of power as we have for more than two centuries. We look ahead in our uniquely American way — restless, bold, optimistic — and set our 51 on the nation we know we can be and we must be.
Over the centuries through storm and strife, in peace and in war, we have come so far. But we still have far to go. We will 52 forward with speed and urgency, for we have much to do in this winter of peril and possibility. Much to repair. Much to restore. Much to heal. Much to build. And much to gain.
Few periods in our nation’s history have been more challenging or difficult than the one we’re in now. A once-in-a-century virus silently 53 the country. it’s taken as many lives in one year as America lost in all of World War IL Millions of jobs have been lost. Hundreds of thousands of businesses closed. A cry for racial justice some 400 years in the making moves us. The dream of justice for all will be 54 no longer.
A cry for survival comes from the planet itself. A cry that can’t be any more desperate or any more clear.
And now, a rise in political extremism, white supremacy, domestic terrorism that we must confront and we will defeat.
To overcome these challenges—to restore the soul and to 55 the future of America—requires more than words. It requires that most elusive of things in a democracy: Unity.
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word con only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．virtually B．swiftly C． avoiding D．appeal E. feasible F. imposed G. reducing H. released I. limited J. fuel K. authority
It sounds like a science-fiction nightmare. But “killer robots” have the likes of British scientist Step hen Hawking and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak warning the machines could 56 ethnic cleansings (种族清洗) and an arms race.
Autonomous weapons, which use artificial intelligence to select targets without human intervention have been described as “the third revolution in warfare, after gunpowder and nuclear arms,” about 1,000 teach scientists wrote in an open letter on July 28, 2015.
Unlike drones, which require a human hand in their action, this kind of robot would have some autonomous decision-making abilities and the capacity to act on its own 57 .
“The key question for humanity today is whether to start a global AI(artificial intelligence)arms race or to prevent it from starting,” they wrote. “If any major military power pushes ahead with AI weapon development, a global arms race is 58 inevitable,” said the letter 59 at the opening of the 2015 International Joint conference on Artificial intelligence in Buenos Aires.
The idea of an automated killing machine, made famous by Amold Schwarzenegger’s Terminator, is moving 60 from science fiction to reality, according to the scientists. “The organization of such systems is — practically if not legally — 61 within years, not decades,” the letter said.
The development of such weapons, while potentially 62 the extent of battlefield injuries, might also lower the necessity for going to battle, noted the scientists.
The scientists painted a terrible scenario in which autonomous weapons fall into the hands of terrorists, dictators or war lords hoping to carry out ethnic clean sings.
The group concluded with a(n) 63 for a “ban on offensive autonomous weapons beyond meaningful human control.”
In a 2014 BBC interview, Howking said the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. “It would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever increasing rate. Humans, who are 64 by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete, and would be replaced,” he said.
Authorities are gradually waking up to the risk of robot wars. Last May, the US government 65 a 10-year human control requirement on automated weapons. For the first time, the United Nations brought governments together to begin talks on so-called fatal autonomous weapons systems that can select targets and carry out attacks without direct human intervention.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．literally B．barrier C． Eventually D．find E. examines F. features G. innovations H. mean I. professional J. striking K. well-positioned
The Best Company to Work ForEvery year, Fortune magazine published a list of the ‘100 Best Companies to Work For’. How does the magazine choose the companies Firstly, it uses a survey: 350 employees answer 57 questions about their company. Secondly, Fortune looks at important 66 of companies: for example, pay, benefits, and communication between workers and management. Finally, the magazine 67 the results to find its Top 100.
Wegmans Food Markets, which ranks No. 1 on the list, has a motto (座右铭), ‘Employees first, customers second’, and it is also one of the 50 largest private companies in the US, with annual sales of $3.6 billion, according to Forbes magazine. Apparently, being good to your employees is no 68 to making money.
How much of Wegmans’ success is due to the company’s policies ‘Up to a point, the success is because of the freedom they give us,’ says one employee. ‘On the other hand, no company gets rich just by not being 69 to its employees. Wegmans has great marketing strategies and it’s 70 within the community. I’ve been here for 15 years. Looking back, I’d say that the company’s 71 for customers, such as the Shoppers’ Club electronic discount programme in the 1990s, have been just as important as the benefits to staff. ’
But the employee benefits are 72 . Fundamentally, Wegmans believes in 73 development. As well as scholarships, the company gives its employees business opportunities. For years, one employee made delicious cookies for her colleagues. 74 , she started selling the cookies in Wegmans. ‘I just asked the manager,’ she says. ‘While looking back, I think should have asked earlier. I could have made more money!’
The staff’s freedom to make decisions is another thing you won’t 75 everywhere. Essentially, Wegmans wants its workers to do almost anything to please the customers. Believe it or not, an employee once cooked a Thanksgiving turkey in the store for a customer because the woman’s turkey, bought in Wegmans, was too big for her oven.
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．moderation B．commercial C． present D．arises E. existing F. responded G. involved H. available I. processing J. accurately K. closely
Computer programs recognize white men better than black womenSoftware that recognizes faces has bounded ahead in recent years, aroused by a boom in a form of artificial intelligence called deep learning. Several firms now offer face recognition as a 76 service, via their respective clouds. The ability to recognize in faces such things as an individual’s sex has improved too, and this is also commercially 77 .
The algorithms(算法) 78 have, however, long been suspected of bias. Specifically, they are declared to be better at 79 white faces than those of other people. Until now, that suspicion has been unsupported by evidence. But next week, at Fairness, Accountability and Transparency, a conference in New York, Joy Buolamwini of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology will 80 work which suggests it is true.
Ms Buolamwini and her colleague Timnit Gebru looked at three sex-recognition systems, those of IBM, Microsoft and Facebook. They tested these on a set of 1,270 photographs of parliamentarians(国会议员) from around the world and found that all three classified lighter faces more 81 than darker ones. All also classified males more accurately than females. IBM’s algorithm, for example, got light male faces wrong just 0.3% of the time. That compared with 34.7% of the time for dark female faces. The other two systems had similar gulfs in their performances. Probably, this bias 82 from the sets of data the firms concerned used to train their software. Ms Buolamwini and Ms Gebru could not, however, test this because those data sets are 83 guarded.
IBM has 84 quickly. It said it had retrained its system on a new data set for the past year, and that this had greatly improved its accuracy . When testing the new system on an updated version of the set of politicians Ms Buolamwini and Ms Gebru had used, the firm said it now achieved an error rate of 3.46% on dark-skinned female faces—a tenth of that the two researchers had found using the 85 system. For light-skinned males the error rate also fell, to 0.25%.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
One Medical
On Thursday, Amazon announced its first major acquisition (收购) under Mr. Jassy’s occupation as C．E.O., spending $3.9 billion for One Medical, a chain of primary care clinics around the country. The deal is a sign of Amazon’s health care ambitions. As the company has 86 from one business to another — including books, CDs, electronics, dog food and clothes — it has had to look in less obvious spots to find opportunities that can provide meaningful 87 .
Health care has been 88 to Amazon executives who believe it is an extremely large market, filled with inefficiencies and generally lacking the kind of 89 approach that Amazon tries to take with its businesses. “We think health care is high on the list of experiences that need 90 ,” Neil Lindsay, the senior vice president of Amazon Health Services, said in a statement announcing the deal. He also listed some of the 91 of modern health care: booking appointments, sitting in waiting rooms, even finding a parking spot.
Amazon wants to be the “front door” through which customers 92 health care. That One Medical sees about five times as many virtual visits as 93 appointments most likely made it attractive to Amazon. The company also has something Amazon values 94 : data. One Medical built its own electronic medical records system, and it has 15 years’ worth of medical and health-system data. While individual patient records are generally protected under federal health privacy laws, the big data skill that has 95 Amazon’s success can be powerful in health care — for predicting costs, targeting interventions and developing products and treatments.
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
A．guarantee B．boost C． barely D．distractions E. literally F. spare G. towering H. critical I. excessive J. packing K. available
It Doesn’t Have to be Crazy at WorkHow often have you heard someone say “It’s crazy at work” Maybe you’ve even said it yourself. For many, “It’s crazy at work” has become their normal. But why so crazy
There are two primary reasons: (1) The workday is being sliced into tiny, fleeting work moments by an onslaught of physical and virtual 96 . (2)And an unhealthy obsession with growth at any cost set 97 , unrealistic expectations that stress people out.
It’s no wonder people are working longer, earlier, later, on weekends, and whenever they have a(n) 98 moment. That turns life into work’s left-overs. The doggie bag.
What’s worse is that long hours, 99 busyness, and lack of sleep have become a badge of honor for many people these days. Sustained exhaustion is not a badge of honor. Instead, it’s a(n) 100 of a physical and mental breakdown.
Besides, everyone’s talking about how to 101 productivity these days. There’s an endless stream of methodologies and tools promising to make people more productive. But more productive at what
Productivity is for machines, not for people. There’s nothing meaningful about 102 some number of work units into some amount of time or squeezing more into less. Machines can 103 work 24/7, but humans can’t.
When people focus on productivity, they end up focusing on being busy. Filling every moment with something to do. And there’s always more to do!
But we should not believe in busyness. We should believe in effectiveness. How little can we do How much can we cut out Instead of adding to-dos, we add to-don’ts.
Being productive is about occupying your time - filling your schedule to the brim and getting as much done as you can. Being effective is about finding more of your time unoccupied and 104 for other things besides work. Time for leisure, time for family and friends. Or time for doing absolutely nothing.
Yes, it is perfectly acceptable to have nothing to do. Or, better yet, nothing worth doing. If you’ve only got three hours of work to do on a given day, then stop. Don’t fill your day with five more just to stay busy or feel productive. Not doing something that is 105 worth doing is a wonderful way to spend your time.
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．artificial B．reflect C． remains D．accidentally E. overtaken F. recover G. disappearance H. functionally I. scheme J. adaptations K. preserved
A Mammoth ProjectA US company called Colossal has raised 11 million dollars to bring mammoths (猛犸象) back from extinction. Mammoths died out about 3,700 years ago but their bodies are sometimes 106 in ice. This allows scientists to 107 their DNA, which could hold the key to bringing mammoths back to life.
A team of scientists at Colossal plan to use information from mammoth 108 to edit the DNA of Asian elephants — their closest living relatives. The team will focus on DNA that is linked to bushy hair and other 109 for cold weather. These were what helped mammoths survive on the Arctic steppe — ancient chilly grasslands. By adding this DNA to egg cells from Asian elephants, they hope to create an elephant-mammoth mix, which could develop into a baby either inside a living Indian elephant or in a(n) 110 organ.
Colossal hopes that the first set of calves could be born this way in six years. “We want something that is 111 equivalent to the mammoth, that will enjoy its time at - 40°C and do all the things that elephants and mammoths do, in particular knocking down trees,” said Church, the founder of Colossal. It’s hoped that the destructive habits of the hybrids (杂交种) could help restore areas of Arctic steppe that have been 112 by trees since mammoths became extinct. That can help keep the world cooler.
Arctic grasslands 113 more heat from the Sun than forests and can absorb more of the gases released by human activity. However, not everyone agrees with the 114 . Professor Adrian says the extinction of mammoths had little to do with the 115 of steppe grasslands. He points out that it would take thousands of mammoths to have an effect on the environment.
根据篇章意思，选择合适短语并用其正确形式填空。
carry on make progress figure out result in be determined to
Humans have always had a natural curiosity about space. Long before the mid-20th century, many scientists 116 help humans realize their dreams. And space travel became a reality with the success of American and Soviet space missions. Mankind is exploring space in the hope of 117 more about the universe. Space travel has always involved great risks. One of the most dangerous parts of space exploration is helping people to escape the earth’s gravity. If something goes wrong during the launch, it can 118 an accident that kills everyone on board. Despite the huge risks, scientists 119 exploration. So far, China 120 in space exploration, becoming the third country to send humans to space. The future of space exploration looks bright as many countries are planning further missions.
Directions: After reading the passage below； fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A．debate B．obviously C． minimized D．digits E. feasible F. initially G. sales H. applied I. criticized J. inevitable K. basis
Criticisms of Space TourismSpace tourism is actually not a new or even a 21st-century concept. NASA imagined the possibility of space tourism back in the 1970s. Space tourism was 121 a hopeful concept, one focused on increasing access for ordinary citizens to visit space. However, the modern space tourism industry looks different as early ticket 122 by Virgin Galactic ranged from S200,000-$250,000; Blue Origin has not announced ticket prices, but it recently sold one seat for $28 million as part of a charity sale. This 123 prices access to space well outside the range of all but the extremely wealthy； it's one of the primary criticisms of space tourism today.
Part of the reason spaceflight is so expensive is that just a few people are carried at a time. "If you want to get to get the price from $250,000 down to four 124 , like an airline, you have to spread it over far more bodies," Ron Epstein, an aerospace analyst. But it might be decades before companies get to that point. The costs for fuel and energy currently don't make it 125 to offer space travel to large numbers of people.
Another complaint is that the funds spent on spaceflight might be better spent elsewhere such as solving problems here on Earth. Alan Ladwig, a writer, says this commentary is not without 126 —or historical precedent（先例）as people said the same thing about NASA．"There has been criticism that money spent in space would be better 127 to other societal needs. This has been a matter of 128 for a range of space activities for the past 60 years and is not likely to change regardless of what happens with space tourism," he says. And several items we take for granted like memory foam and scratch-resistant eyeglass lenses, came from NASA inventions.
Finally, space tourism is 129 for its environmental impact. "The most often talked about 'harm' involves pollution caused by black carbon from some spacecraft engines," Ladwig explains. "Virgin Galactic has 130 this problem, saying is impact on climate change is minor and that it also plans to invest in sustainable fuels for the future. Blue Origin's engines rely on liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that burns as water vapor. However, critics note that it still takes electricity to manufacture the fuels."
参考答案：
1．H 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．J 6．I 7．G 8．F 9．D
10．I 11．D 12．F 13．G 14．H 15．A 16．C 17．K 18．E 19．B
20．increasingly 21．to convey 22．representing 23．categories 24．emotional 25．facial 26．appropriate 27．tendency
28．download 29．update 30．databases
31．J
32．B 33．I
34．K 35．D 36．C 37．E 38．G 39．F 40．A
41．C 42．A 43．F 44．D 45．B
46．B 47．D 48．H 49．F 50．A 51．G 52．J 53．K 54．I 55．E
56．J 57．K 58．A 59．H 60．B 61．E 62．G 63．D 64．I 65．F
66．F 67．E 68．B 69．H 70．K 71．G 72．J 73．I 74．C 75．D
76．B 77．H 78．G 79．I 80．C 81．J 82．D
83．K 84．F 85．E
86．I 87．F 88．C 89．D 90．J 91．B 92．A 93．H 94．E 95．G
96．D 97．G 98．F 99．I 100．B 101．A 102．J 103．E 104．K 105．C
106．K 107．F 108．C 109．J 110．A 111．H 112．E 113．B 114．I 115．G
116．were determined to 117．figuring out 118．result in 119．carry on 120．has made progress
121．F 122．G 123．B 124．D 125．E 126．K 127．H 128．A 129．I 130．C
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