专练13 任务型阅读- 高一英语下学期期末题型专项训练 含答案（外研版2019）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专练13 任务型阅读- 高一英语下学期期末题型专项训练（外研版2019）
Embroidery is an important art form in Chinese culture. People often embroider handkerchiefs, bed covers, tablecloths and dresses. Sichuan embroidery, also called Shu embroidery, is one of the most famous embroidery styles in China. It is famous for its delicate and bright colors and fine stitches (针脚).
The characteristics are greatly influenced by geographical environment, customs and cultures. Called the “Land of Abundance”, Sichuan Province is rich in grain production. The people of this area also enjoy a slow lifestyle. So when embroidering, they are usually patient and willing to spend time pursuing the form’s complexity and elegance. This could also be a reason why Sichuan embroidery was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
Making beautiful Sichuan embroidery products is never easy. It requires superb workmanship. Meng Dezhi was born to a family of embroiderers. She was one of the most talented employees in the Chengdu Shu Embroidery Factory. Even so, the long and repetitive nature of the process often challenges her. And in winter, when her hands and feet are freezing, things become more difficult. But her love for the work has encouraged Meng to continue. Even for an experienced master like Meng, finishing a piece requires several days or even a few months.
“These experiences may sometimes discourage me, but the love for Sichuan embroidery always gives me motivation to continue,” said Meng. Meng has also popularized the culture of Sichuan embroidery when the tradition was at risk of declining. Because many cheap products are made by modern machines, the factory Meng worked in was forced to close in 2005. To make a living, Meng rented a small space to teach Sichuan embroidery skills to the kids and young people.
“In the early days, I set up the company just for survival, but now I really feel that I have the responsibility to pass on Sichuan embroidery skills to young people. It is like sowing seeds — who knows which of them will become an inheritor (继承人) or guardian of our culture in the future ” she told China Daily.
1．What makes Meng Dezhi stick to embroidering
________________
2．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Art Made with Modern Machines B．The History of Sichuan Embroidery
C．Passing on Sichuan Embroidery D．A Talented Sichuan Embroidery Employee
3．文本解读
Sichuan embroidery
Paras, 1-2
________ is one of the most famous embroidery styles in China. Its characteristics are greatly influenced by________
Paras. 3-5
Though faced with many dificulties, ________encouraged her to continue.
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
When a thought has found words
Poetry is the forgotten child of literature. Few people read it for pleasure and modern poets are looked upon as odd creatures from a strange universe. In Western high schools, poetry is seldom taught because it is considered old-fashioned and not relevant to the needs of today’s students.
In China, however, poetry is still an important part of the curriculum and, with recent changes announced by the Ministry of Education, the number of poems students will have to memorize and recite is being increased from fourteen to seventy-two. Now, before you gasp in horror, let’s think about the reasons why studying so many poems, especially ancient poems, is important.
First of all, poetry is an essential part of traditional Chinese culture. It is a pathway to understanding your history and your society. It is also the key to understanding the thoughts and emotions that are common to everyone but which we may be unable to express—the joy of Li Bai dancing with the moon, for example. Everyone has feelings of joy, love, loneliness, sadness and even anger, and a good poem can put those emotions into words and bring us self-understanding.
Poems can also express beauty. In a few short lines, even something commonplace can become beautiful. Here is a poem called “Fog” by Carl Sandberg: The fog comes / on silent haunches (弓腰蹲着) / and then moves on. Yes, fog does move smoothly, silently and mysteriously like a cat, and Sandberg captures that feeling and image, and makes it beautiful.
Of course, to really appreciate poetry, it has to be really aloud. After all, a poem is really just a song without music. Most ancient poetry, especially Western poetry, was actually spoken before it was written. Take Homer’s Iliad (伊利亚德), the story of the Trojan War (特洛伊战争), for example. That epic saga (史诗般的故事) of Helen’s kidnapping and the war that followed was apparently told for hundreds of years in palaces, taverns (客栈) and on street corners before Homer wrote it down and was given credit for it.
The American poet Robert Frost said, “Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words.” And poems are very concise—there is not a wasted word. You are lucky that you now have seventy-two poems to learn!
Passage outline Detailed information
Awkward situation Poetry is thought to be 4 from the life of people and poets beyond the understanding of ordinary people.
China’s recent 5 6 the number of poems for school students to memorize and recite
7 behind Poetry is a reflection of Chinese culture. Learning poems help with the 8 of history and society. Poems enable people to express thoughts and feelings which would otherwise be 9 to express. Poetry conveys the beauty that 10 in common things. Poems use as 11 words as possible.
A tip on 12 Poetry is to read out.Poems are songs without music; Many ancient poems first appeared in 13 form.
Conclusion Chinese students should feel lucky to have seventy two poems to learn!
At a primary school Manning, Carolina, second-grade teacher David Chadwell believed that segregating(隔离) elementary-age boys and girls produces immediate academic improvement—in both genders. “Although this is a tendency, we can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.”
“They see differently. Literally,” he begins. Male and female eyes are not organized in the same way, he explains. The composition of the male eye makes it attuned(协调) to motion and direction. “Boys interpret the world as objects moving through space,” he says. “The teacher should move around the room constantly and be that object.”
The male eye is also drawn to cooler colors like silver, blue, black, grey, and brown. It’s no accident boys tend to create pictures of moving objects like spaceships, cars, and trucks in dark colors instead of drawing the happy colorful family, like girls in their class.
The female eye, on the other hand, is drawn to textures and colors. It’s also oriented toward warmer colors—reds, yellows, oranges—and visuals with more details, like faces. To engage girls, Chadwell says, the teacher doesn’t need to move as much, if at all. Girls work well in circles, facing each other. Using descriptive phrases and lots of color in overhead presentations or on the chalkboard gets their attention.
Boys and girls also hear differently. “When someone speaks in a loud tone, girls interpret it as yelling,” Chadwell says. “They think you’re mad and can shut down.” Girls have a more finely tuned aural structure；they can hear higher frequencies than boys and are more sensitive to sounds. He advises girls’ teachers to watch the tone of their voices. Boys’ teachers should sound matter of fact, even excited.
A boy’s autonomic nervous system causes them to be more alert when they’re standing, moving,and the room temperature is around 69 degrees. Stress in boys, he says, tends to increase blood flow to their brains, a process that helps them stay focused. This won’t work for girls, who are more focused seated in a warmer room around 75 degrees. Girls also respond to stress differently. When they are exposed to threat and confrontation, blood goes to their guts(内脏), leaving them feeling nervous or anxious.
“Boys will rise to a risk and tend to overestimate their abilities,” he says. “Teachers can help them by getting them to be more realistic about results. Girls at this age shy away from risk, which is exactly why lots of girls’ programs began in the private sector. Teachers can help them learn to take risks in an atmosphere where they feel confident about doing so.”
Title： Primary students learn 14
David’s belief ,Once we segregate elementary-age students, they will have the tendency to learn 15 . Differences between boys and girls, Sight ,Boys’ eyes are sensitive to 16 and are drawn to cooler colors.
It is textures and 17 of objects that attract girls. Hearing ,Comparatively speaking, girls can hear 18 and are more sensitive to sounds. They would interpret a loud tone as 19 .Nervous system, Stress in boys tends to increase blood flow to their 20 , which helps them keep 21 . Boys often overestimate their abilities and are brave in face of the risk.
When girls are exposed to 22 , blood goes to their guts, leaving them feeling 23 . Girls at this age in many cases will shyly avoid dealing with risk.
It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a less obvious kind of social upheaval（剧变）underway that is fast changing both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is the rapid growth in urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in human history, more than half the world’s population was living in towns and cities. And as a recently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come—with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.
As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn’t just about the migration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to provide enough room for all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.
Humans are the ultimate invasive species-when they move into new territory, they often displace the wildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities—especially in the dense tropical forests-carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It’s true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could in turn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the real difference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase in income—and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing-but it does carry an environmental price.
The urbanization wave can’t be stopped—and it shouldn’t be. But Seto’s paper does underscore the importance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization’s impacts on the environment “There’s an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to think about how we urbanize,” says Seto. “One thing that's clear is that we can’t build cities he way we have over the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won’t allow that.” We’re headed towards an urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us.
Title Urbanization
Present 24 Throughout the world, over half population live in urban areas with the process of urbanization still 25 up in the coming decade.
Characteristics ·People 26 into urban environments.·Environments become bigger to 27 all those from rural areas.
28 Biodiversity hot-spots and carbon emissions in the areas will be 29 .
Means of urbanization · 30 the wildlife away from where they used to live.·Clear land to make 31 for new cities. · 32 more food and energy, causing a rise in carbon emissions.
Conclusion We should 33 the way we have built cities so as to manage the transition and reduce the impacts on environment.
Choose the best answer and paraphrase the underlined words in the passage
Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at Photo 51. It wasn’t much–a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA．The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “she should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden, “if her photo hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholar doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors.
At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at king’s college in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule (分子). The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.
But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
What she did was to produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place.”
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that "Franklins was only two steps away from the solution."
No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA．She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.
34．What is the text mainly about
A．The disagreements among DNA researchers.
B．The unfair treatment of Franklin.
C．The process of discovering DNA．
D．The race between two teams of scientists.
35．Watson was angry with Franklin because she _____.
A．took the lead in the competition
B．kept her results from him
C．proved some of his findings wrong
D．shared her data with other scientists
36．Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”
A．She developed pictures in dark labs.
B．She discovered the black X—the shape of DNA．
C．Her name was forgotten after her death.
D．Her contribution was unknown to the public.
37．What is the writer's attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick
A．Disapproving
B．Respectful
C．Admiring
D．Doubtful
38．was left out________
39．robbed of credit ________
40．a lot rockier________
41．easily bend________
42．was backed up________
43．coming into the light________
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题。
Rock climbing requires not only physical strength, but also complete mental concentration. So it is not an easy sport. But this may not be true for 20-year-old Sasha diGuilian. This fearless girl who has been dominating the sport ever since she entered this field is just getting warmed up.
The youngster who is also studying for a creative writing degree at Columbia University says that she began climbing even before she could walk. As a baby, she constantly escaped from her bed and led her friends to the nearest rocks or hills. Then at the age of seven she attended brother’s birthday party at a local rock climbing gym and found her gift for it.
Soon after, she joined the local center in her hometown of Alexandria, Virginia and began climbing— first once a week, then twice and soon, almost every day. At the age of nine, she won her first climbing competition by participating in an event that she hadn’t even been aware of, until she went to the gym for her normal climbing routine. Her competitive nature and love for the sport immediately reached the peak and she began training seriously, but this time outside the gym—climbing real mountains.
As a youngster, she dominated the Junior Continental Championships from 2004 to 2010. Then she went on to catch the Pan American Championship and the US National Championship as soon as she was old enough. And in 2011, at just 18 years old, she was crowned(加冕)Female Overall World Champion in Arco, Italy in her first attempt.
Sasha diGuilian is also the youngest woman who has completed the 5.14d graded climb in which climbers must climb rocks that are vertical. The 5.14d graded climb is regarded as the most difficult climb and it is something that even the most experienced climbers are a little afraid to take on, because a small slip could result in a severe injury or even death.
44．What does the underlined word “dominating” (Paragraph 1) mean
(1 word)
________________________________________________________________________
45．Where and when did Sasha diGuilian find she had the talent for rock climbing (No more than 12 words)
________________________________________________________________________
46．What made Sasha diGuilian begin training seriously to climb real mountains (No more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
47．Why is the 5.14d graded climb considered the most difficult climb
(No more than 7 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
48．Please explain how you are inspired by Sasha diGuilian.(No more than25 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
Paraphrase the underlined words in the passage
Northwest China’s Gansu province will cooperate with Saudi Arabia on afforestation missions and help it combat desertification, according to the provincial foreign affairs office.
Competent scientific research institutes, universities and enterprises in Gansu will participate in Saudi Arabia’s "Green Middle East "international cooperation, the office said. They will spread China’s green development concept and promote the Belt and Road Initiative.
In May, Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture held the first International Green Technology Forum and Exhibition in Riyadh. Scientists from Northwest China shared techniques to prevent desertification, manage water resources and restore vegetation.
At the forum, the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences highlighted China’s experience and achievements in sand control.
Qu Jianjun and Liu Benli, researchers from the institute, explained how wind speed and air density changed on a plateau and why conventional sand control measures — adopted in landlocked areas — did not work in coastal regions.
According to the presentation made by the researchers, sand can pose a serious threat in coastal areas, "given the complex interaction between wind and waves". Sandstorms can quickly damage buildings and other civilian structures, it said.
Members of the team shared their experiences in wide application of the straw checkerboard technique to prevent sand dunes from being buffeted by strong winds.
The technique uses dried stems of wheat, reeds and other plants to form a checkerboard design. Half of each stem is buried and the other half lies exposed. This straw grid acts as a windbreak.
However, these wind barriers become weak over time, so alternative materials such as clay, nylon, fibers and metals are being experimented with, the researchers said.
The environment institute is among the earliest centers in China to combat desertification. In 1988, its sand control measures on the edge of the Tengger Desert at Shapotou in Zhongwei, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, won the National Science and Technology Progress Award.
The straw checkerboard method was used to prevent sand from burying railway tracks between Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and Lanzhou, Gansu.
49．cooperate with _______________
50．combat desertification ______________
51．highlighted China’s experience and achievements__________
52．pose a serious threat__________
53．in wide application __________
54．being buffeted _________
55．lies exposed________
How We Learn to Speak
A
No two human beings are exactly alike. Each one of us is different, yet we all have many features in common. One of these features is that when we are born we all absolutely depend on others for all of our needs: food, shelter, clothes, protection and love. Many important things happen during childhood, but central to the process of growing from a baby with little personality into an individual with is the development of communication.
B
The first way a baby communicates its needs is by crying, but eventually babies realize that there are other and better ways of communicating. The baby listens to all the meaningless sounds around it, and it gradually gets used to the voices it hears. Day by day, week by week, and month by month, it learns to imitate those sounds, and so another language speaker is born. This, of course, is an extremely simple description of the very complex process of learning a language, but it is, nonetheless, true.
C
When did you become a language speaker Most children usually start talking when they are around one year old. For some it happens before then, while for others it occurs sometime between their first birthday and eighteen months. Those children who learn to talk earlier than others are a source of immense pride to their parents. On the other hand, if children are slow to start talking, parents can worry that something is wrong. Experts declare that being a late starter is not a cause for concern or a sign that a child is not clever; after all, Einstein was three or four before he started speaking, and there was nothing lacking in his brain power! All normal children learn to talk, but at different rates.
D
In the first few months of life, babies make noises that are nothing like words, but by six months they are making nonsense noises that are beginning to sound like speech. After another six months, children will be making mama noises, and they will also try to repeat sounds that they hear. When they make these noises or say these ‘words’, people do things for them: they smile and pick them up, or they get attention and a cuddle. They are starting to realize that language is a very useful tool indeed.
E
After another half year, most children can say up to 8 or 10 words. At this age, children on average can understand 5 words for every one word they can say. Around this age, children start to use two words together as if they were one word, daddy car for example, which in adult language could mean either Daddy is in the car or it is daddy’s car. If it is the first meaning, the child will stress the second word, car, and if it is the second meaning, the word daddy will be stressed. By the time they blow out the two candles on their next birthday cake, they will be able to say approximately 40 words, and two years later, they will be able to handle between 200 and 300 different words. By the age of 5, the child will understand nearly 2,000 words. Then it will be time for primary school and during this period of early schooling, the child's vocabulary will grow by roughly another 1000 words each year.
F
Learning a language is a very complicated process, but all human beings are born with language ability. The precise language they learn to speak depends on which language they hear all around them. When babies are making nonsense sounds, some people say that they are trying out all the possible sounds in all the world's languages before identifying those sounds that they hear around them. When they have narrowed down all possible sounds to the ones they hear every day, then those are the sounds they will produce and master, and the other sounds will disappear. An example may help to clarify this: some Chinese people find it hard to hear the difference between [1] and [r], lock and rock for instance, and speakers of Japanese sometimes have this problem, too. However, a study showed that newborn Japanese babies could indeed hear the difference between [1] and [r], even though their parents could not. Surprisingly, though, the babies lost this ability around the age of six months, and could then only hear the sounds their parents could hear and say.
G
Learning a language takes persistence. It requires practice, practice, practice. Above all it needs time. And if babies can do it, then so can you. Enjoy the adventure!
Multiple Choice:
56．Choose the answer which best summarizes the writer’s purpose (目的) in the article.
A．A description of how babies begin to learn language
B．A description of the process of language learning
C．A comparison of how babies and adults learn language
D．A discussion of how difficult it is to learn language
57．Headings:
Skim quickly to match the headings on the right side with the numbers on the right side.
（1）Paragraph B ____________ ① learning different languages
（2）Paragraph C ____________ ② the age for first speaking
（3）Paragraph E ____________ ③ language up to age 5
（4）Paragraph F ____________ ④ language for babies
58．Gap Filling:
Scan paragraph D and E to find the specific information to fill in the gaps.
Babies
（1）A．6 months old: making ___________________
（2）B．1 year old: making __________________, repeating _________________________
（3）C． 2 years old: know about ____________________________
（4）D．4 years old: can handle ____________________________
（5）E. 5 years old: understand _____________________________
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Put a group of strangers in a room together, and they'll probably start a conversation. “Hot today, isn’t it ” one might say. “You said it.” another replies.
Why do we talk so much about the weather When we meet new people, we don’t begin by telling them our life story. We start with small talk, a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather.
Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel comfortable, and so do they. We use small talk to find common interests. Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.
Small talk even helps people get hired. In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the interviewer right away. Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.
So, how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job First off, find common ground. Select something around you that you share with the other person.
Next, keep the conversation pliment(赞美) the other person to make himor her feel comfortable, and ask questions to show interest.
Third, keep eye contact(接触). When you look people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are saying. It makes you appear honest and builds trust.
Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Talking to someone you don’t know is not the easiest thing to do! Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get easier.
Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather. For them, they are just too small. However, when you think about it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!
Title Small Talk: A Big 59
Introduction We are likely to make small talk when we 60 meet people.
61 Small talk can help people form 62 friendships.
Small talk can also help people get a 63 .
Advice Find some topics 64 with the other person.
Keep the talk going by making compliments and 65 questions. Keep eye contact in conversation to build 66 .
67 more in order to make small talk easier.
Conclusion Small talk really 68 a lot to us.
阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Last August I took part in the Summer Camp of the General Final Contest of the 16th National Creative English Contest held in Beijing. It was one of the most meaningful thing I did in my Senior 2 summer vacation.
The summer camp lasted from August 20 to August 27. During the opening ceremony, we each wrote a postcard to motivate ourselves. On my card I wrote, “Brace yourself and show your best,” These words supported me throughout every obstacle I experienced.
August 24 witnessed the important debate contest that many of us feared. The night before, my teammates and I sat in a circle, focusing our minds on the debate topic, “Does competition among friends adversely influence their friendships ”
All of us were busy searching for examples of Olympic athletes or other real-life people to back up our arguments. Time seemed to disappear faster than usual while we were working on this project.
Finally, the big day arrived. Only one minute before we went on the stage, an inner voice entered my mind, saying, “Brace yourself and show your best.” Preparing the details in my head allowed me to feel ready for the challenge. With my teammates backing me up, I drew myself up to full height and expressed my point of view as best as I could.
The results of the contest convinced me that my motto paid off—I entered the top 50, and two of my teammates placed in the top 10 due to their excellent performance. And through the strength of our teamwork, my friends and I became closer than ever. The more competition among friends, the firmer our friendship will be.
From those eight days, it isn’t the prize I valued the most but the breakthrough and the pure friendship I gained. It would be better to change my motor into “Brace yourself and fight together.” I firmly hold the belief that this period of time will live in my memory forever and will shine even brighter when I look back.
69．What did the team do in the Summer Camp (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
70．What did they prepare to support their argument (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
71．What’s the meaning of the underlined words “Brace yourself” (no more than 5 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
72．What’s the topic of the passage (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
73．In your opinion, how do you keep friendship (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
Just turn on the news and you can hear about hurricanes, earthquakes, and more happenings in our world every day, and these tragedies can reach us on a minute-by-minute basis. Furthermore, when we hear about the disasters, it is hard for us not to react emotionally, even when we are not directly affected by them. Therefore, learning how to cope in a world full of tragedy is something everyone needs.
What we put into our mind has a powerful effect on our mental, emotional and spiritual well-being. If you are exposing yourself to negative media sources for hours each day, then you are likely to begin feeling negative. It is good to be informed about world events and what is happening around the globe. However, it is another level to dwell on(细想) these events. If you find yourself constantly thinking about all the terrible things happening in the world, then you may have to limit your intake of negative things.
Disasters are inevitable(不可避免的) in this world. When you are feeling that what is going on in the world is affecting your emotional well-being, it is time to make sure you are still keeping up with your life. Don’t stop your normal activities as a result of a disaster striking on the other side of the country. Donate and then move on with your life. It is even better if you can volunteer. What’s more, let the affected know you are concerned for them and hope that all is OK with them and their home. You will find that your expression of care toward others is cathartic(起渲息作用的) for your own emotional well-being.
If you are having feelings of sadness, anxiety, or depression because of what is happening in the world, then you should talk to someone. Share your thoughts and feelings with someone who cares about you, as they will be more willing to take the time to listen. If you find you are still feeling heavy, then you should contact a professional. They can help you work through your emotions.
There is no such thing as a perfect world or perfect people, therefore natural and human disasters will continue. However, there is goodness in this world. There are good people and good things happening if you look for them. You’ll find yourself with a happier and more joyful spirit when you focus on the positive. When earthquakes happen, people often die. This is a sad reality. However, you can also read about stories of heroism and people helping others. These stories are what need to be celebrated. Find the glimmer of hope, heroism, or human decency(正派) in any situation and you will find yourself better dealing with the reality of the bad things that happen in today’s world.
How to deal with negativity when disasters happen
Introduction It is necessary to be able to deal with negativity since we can hear about all the 74 things going on around the world immediately they happen and we can be emotionally affected by them.
Limit your exposure to negative media We are likely to become a(n) 75 of what we expose ourselves to over time. It’s fine to learn about what is happening in the world, but don’t spend too much time 76 the negative news.
Keep up with 77 activities. Reach out to the 78 people as soon as you can, and make contact with them to show your 79 , which can also benefit you.
Talk it out Disasters may make you feel sad and having a friend to listen to you will be a(n) 80 . If necessary, 81 a professional.
Look for the positive around you 82 that there are always disasters. When disasters happen, try to focus on stories that can 83 your heart.
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词， 并将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。 注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。
Fear of missing out
It’s Friday night. While many of your friends may celebrate by going to the movies or checking out a restaurant that’s just opened, you’ve decided to spend this highly cherished night of the week by yourself. The night is yours to enjoy. If you think this sounds relaxing, you’re not alone. At least for a little while until you start wondering if you’ve made the right choice. A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.
Fear of missing out, or FOMO, is a common feeling. A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you’re missing out — your peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you.
Fear of missing out often develops as a result of deeper unhappiness. Research has found that those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO. Further worsening the all- too-common feeling is the rise of social media use. Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others’. Rather than finding happiness through their own experiences, they begin worrying that theirs aren’t objectively better than anyone else’s.
The consequences of FOMO are significant and far-reaching. One study conducted with first-year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue( 疲 劳 ), stress, and sleep problems. Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends’ lifestyles, often through increased spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.
So how can you overcome the fear Begin with gratitude. By reflecting on what you already have, you’re less likely to put valuable mental energy in worrying about what you don’t. Another alternative
Embrace(欣然接受) JOMO, or the joy of missing out. JOMO allows you to shift your focus to what you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around you may be doing. So, turn off your phones and tablets, and engage in something you enjoy while resisting the urge to upload and share it. While this may take practice and perseverance(坚持不懈), the results are well worth the effort.
By embracing the joy of missing out, you make room for all the benefits that come from spending time with yourself and the inner wholeness you contain; you create space to keep up with the things you wish you had more time for — gardening, reading, resting, exercising, cooking, learning, or simply being; and you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents, fears, joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface.
Fear of missing out
Introduction to FOMO FOMO is a common fear that others might be having rewarding experiences from which you are 84 . For example, initially, you enjoy spending a Friday night alone in your own way. However, thinking of your friends’ possible fun, you begin to have 85 about your original decision, which makes you 86 .
Causes of FOMO *People are not really happy and even feel 87 with their life. *The use of social media may result in FOMO, especially when people make negative 88 between themselves and others.
Consequences of FOMO *It can contribute to people’s physical and mental 89 . *It can cause people to 90 money to keep up with others’ lifestyles.
Approaches to overcoming FOMO *Be 91 for what you have now. *Embrace the joy of missing out, 92 on what you want without trying to seek attention.
Benefits of embracing JOMO *It allows you to have time alone to do whatever you enjoy doing. *It gives you a chance to 93 yourself better.
We all need to feel understood, recognized and affirmed (证实) by our friends, family and romantic partners. We all need to find our tribe.
Research has shown that among the benefits that come with being in a relationship or group, feeling accepted is regarded as the most important driver of meaning. When other people think you matter and treat you as if you matter, you believe you matter, too.
Though we all share a need to belong, in the first decades of the 20th century, many influential psychologists and physicians did not acknowledge this fundamental aspect of human nature. The idea that children needed parental love and care to live a full and meaningful life was not only considered medically dangerous, it was dismissed as immoral and disgusting.
As behavioural psychology came into fashion and academic psychologists turned their attention to child-raising, this view shifted and they began to examine and affirm the vital importance of attachment in early life. They discovered that people, whatever their age, needed more than food and shelter to live full and healthy lives.
But, sadly, many of us lack close ties. At a time when we are more connected digitally than ever before, rates of social isolation (孤立) are rising. The results of an Age UK poll published recently suggest that half a million people over the age of 60 usually spend each day alone, and it’s not unusual for another half a million people to go five or six days without seeing or speaking to someone.
All these figures reveal more than a rise in loneliness—they reveal a lack of meaning in people’s lives. In surveys, we list our close relationships as our most important sources of meaning. Research shows that people who are lonely and isolated feel their lives are less meaningful.
While close relationships are critical for living a meaningful life, they are not the only important social bonds we need to cultivate (培养). Psychologists have also discovered the value of small moments of intimacy (亲昵行为). “High-quality connections,” as one researcher calls them, are positive, short-term interactions between two people when a couple holds hands on a walk or when two strangers have an empathetic (移情作用的) conversation on a plane. High-quality connections have the potential to unlock meaning in our interactions with acquaintances, colleagues and strangers.
We can’t control whether someone will make a high-quality connection with us, but we can all choose to start one. We can say hello to a stranger on the street rather than look away. We can choose to value people rather than devalue them. We can invite people to belong.
Passage outline Supporting details
The need to belong Everyone hopes to develop a 94 of belonging in a group. People’s self-respect is 95 by other people’s opinion.
The changing 96 to belonging Many famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century 97 that people had the need to belong. Experts later came to realize that people, regardless of their age, needed 98 to enjoy full and healthy lives.
Consequences of 99 close ties Many people are cut off from the world and feel 100 . People who do not have enough close relationships find their life has less 101
Another way to meet the need High-quality connections make a 102 in helping satisfy our need to belong. We should 103 to make a high-quality connection.
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
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The most common use of intelligence test scores is to tell in advance degree of academic success. Such scores are used in some communities as bases for admitting able children to schools at ages younger than normal, and they are very generally used to determine admissions to schools beyond public secondary school. Another use common in elementary schools involves comparing such scores with performances in various subjects to find out children who are working below capacity.
The greatest problem in using intelligence tests for the purpose of prediction is that no dependable criterion of their accuracy exists. The ideal criteria would be objective and reliable achievement tests following instructions in each subject, but there are few such tests, especially at the college level. Studies have shown that correlations(相关性) between intelligence tests and achievement tests in various subjects through secondary school range roughly from 0.5 to 0.8. Such correlations are fairly high, but they do not suggest anywhere near complete agreement.
At the college level there are two major tests used as criteria of admission. By far the more important is the College Entrance Examination, constructed by the Educational Testing Service authorized by the College Entrance Examination Board. These tests are returned to the Educational Testing Service for scoring, and the results are then made available to the various colleges authorized by the students to receive them. The second test of this type is the American College Test, which operates in essentially the same fashion.
Both tests constitute(组成) measures of certain skills, abilities, and knowledge that have been found to be related to success in college. Their correlations with academic success are limited for three outstanding reasons. First, measures of achievement in college are themselves perhaps no more reliable than those in elementary and secondary schools. Second, intellectual factors do not alone determine academic success, especially at the college level. Many students drop out of schools because they are inadequately motivated or because they dislike the instructional programme. Third, correlations are lowered because the use of such tests for denying admission to some students means that the range of scores for those admitted is restricted, and such restrictions tend to reduce correlations.
Common use of intelligence test scores ●To 104 the degree of academic success. ●To help 105 children with outstanding ability to school at the age younger than ordinary. ●To 106 children with less ability in primary school than average.
107 with intelligence tests ●Ideal criteria for objective and reliable achievement tests in college courses are extremely 108 . ●Correlations between intelligence tests and achievement tests are fairly high but still 109 .
Two major tests at the college level ●CEE ●ACF Both tests are scored by the Educational Testing Service.
The colleges that the students choose have 110 to the results of both tests.
The correlations with academic success are limited for three reasons as 111 . a. Measures of college achievement are as 112 as those in primary and middle schools. b. Inadequate 113 or unfavorable instructional programme may well influence a college student's academic success as well. c. Admission restrictions tend to reduce correlations.
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How to live with someone in chronic pain
Do you know that 100 million people in the United States suffer with chronic(慢性的)pain Living with someone in chronic pain can be demanding at times because the person doesn't feel well and wants your help to feel better. Yet you are powerless to do much about stopping their pain. As a result, much of the relationship can become focused on pain which is depressing for both of you. But people in pain need emotional support. They need to know that you understand their feelings. So, express it in your words and show it by your presence.
Now, realize, there is a fine line between helping and hurting when talking with people in chronic pain. You help by encourage pain free talk, by focusing on tfie positives of your relationship and other aspects of the person's life. Instead of asking, “How is your pain today " ask, “How is your day going " Then, focus on what is going right or is positive despite the pain. This isn't ignoring the reality of their pain, rather focusing away from the pain. Constant conversations about pain increase pain. The more attention you give pain, the more it multiplies pain.
The more you do things for the person in pain, the more likely they are to become disabled by their pain. For example, if your partner can move, get up or get their own drink, let them. Even if it takes a while to accomplish something, movement is good for chronic pain. The goal is not to do things they can do for themselves. Otherwise, you are enabling sick behavior. Therefore, encourage, but don't enable! You don’t want anyone's identity to be developed around the pain.
Remember, chronic pain has caused your partner to limit his behavior and not do the things he used to do. He is dealing with loss and has to find a new normal. Talk about what can be done to improve functioning despite the pain. You may have to get creative! Can you throw a ball to the grandkids sitting down Maybe you can find a more comfortable position for closeness.
Finally, do all you can to help him remain social even though the pain may lead to a cancellation with friends now and then. When that happens, you are supposed to keep inviting him to gatherings as he wants to remain active and involved. The worse thing a person in pain can do is get separated from others. Not only will they become depressed but it is much easier to lose hope. And there is so much you can do to improve functioning and get on with your life.
In sum, chronic pain can cause relationship tension, but a focus on small things that turn down the volume on pain and improve your day to day functioning will help your relationships.
How to live with someone in chronic pain
Passage outlines Supporting details
The phenomenon about people in chronic pain There are a large number of people 114 from chronic pain. We need to show our understanding by keeping them 115 .
116 to showing them our understanding. ▲ When it 117 to chronic pain, pay more 118 to the positives and what is going right instead of focusing on the pain itself. ▲ 119 them to move as much as they can instead of enabling sick behaviors. ▲Keep their loss in mind and help them to find a new way to improve functioning in 120 of the pain. ▲ Even if he may cancel gatherings 121 , try to keep a person in pain active and involved.
122 By focusing on small useful things and improving day to day functioning, we will live in 123 with someone in chronic pain.
参考答案：
1．The passion/love for Sichuan embroidery. 2．C 3． Sichuan/Shu embroidery geographical environment, customs and cultures Meng Dezhi’s love for Sichuan embroidery
4．far 5．measure 6．Increasing 7．Reasons 8．understanding 9．hard 10．exists/is 11．few 12．appreciation 13．spoken/oral
14．differently 15．better 16．motion and direction 17．warmer colors 18．higher frequencies 19．yelling/shouting 20．brains 21．focused/attentive 22．threat and confrontation 23．nervous or anxious
24．situation 25．speeding 26．migrate/move 27．accommodate 28．Consequence/Outcome 29．influenced/impacted/affected 30．Drive/Force 31．way 32．Consume 33．change/alter
34．B 35．C 36．D 37．A 38．was not included 39．prevented from the praise 40．much more unstable 41．easily give in 42．was supported 43．becoming known to people
44．Controlling\ Ruling 45．At a local rock climbing gym at the age of seven 46．Her competitive nature and love for rock climbing 47．Because it involves climbing vertical rocks 48．I am inspired by her spirits of bravery and determination
49．work together with 50．fight against the spread of desert areas 51．showcased the knowledge and accomplishments of China 52．present a significant danger 53．widely used 54．strike forcefully or repeatedly 55．is uncovered
56．B 57． ④ ② ③ ① 58． nonsense noises mama noise sounds they hear approximately 40 words 200-300 different words nearly 2000 words
59．Deal 60．first 61．Advantages/Benefits 62．new 63．job/position/post 64．shared 65．asking/rasing 66．trust 67．Practice/Practise 68．matters/means
69．The team took part in the debate competition.
70．The examples of Olympic athletes or other real-life people. 71．It means pull yourself together.
72．The breakthrough and the pure friendship I gained.
73．Friends respect and trust each other.
74．horrible/ terrible 75．reflection 76．considering 77．normal 78．affected 79．care / concern 80．relief 81．consult / contact / find 82．Accept 83．warm
84．absent 85．doubts 86．anxious 87．unsatisfied 88．comparisons 89．discomforts/problems 90．borrow 91．grateful/thankful 92．focusing 93．know/understand
94．sense/feeling 95．influenced/ affected/ shaped/determined/decided 96．attitudes 97．denied 98．attachment/love/care 99．lacking 100．lonely/ isolated/ alone 101．meaning 102．difference 103．offer/start/ try/attempt
104．predict 105．admit 106．identify/discover/recognize 107．Problems 108．rare 109．limited/inconsistent/imperfect 110．access 111．follows 112．unreliable 113．motivation(s)
114．suffering 115．company 116．Approaches 117．comes 118．attention 119．Encourage/Inspire 120．spite 121．occasionally/sometimes 122．Conclusion 123．harmony
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