2024届高考英语阅读：败坏了赫德莱堡的人 课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
马克·吐温（Mark Twain，1835年—1910年），原名萨缪尔·兰亨·克莱门， 美国小说家、作家、演说家，19世纪后期美国现实主义文学的杰出代表。主要作品有《哈克贝里·芬历险记》，《汤姆·索亚历险记》，《竞选州长》，《百万英镑》等。
Hadleyburg is world famous for its honesty. But it is a reputation that has never faced real temptation ...until the day a stranger leaves a mysterious bag of gold as a reward for a good deed. Then the true nature of Hadleyburg's citizens is uncovered. The stranger felt slighted（觉得受了冷落） on his visit to Hadleyburg. The bag of gold is part of a scheme to corrupt the town whose pride in their honesty borders on hubris（傲慢）. All but one of the town's prominent families become the object of derision（嘲笑） as the extent of their greed and dishonesty is publicly revealed. However, even that one couple is haunted by their dishonesty and in their guilt, misconstrue（误解） the generous gesture of another and sabotage（蓄意破坏） their own success. The ironic ending elicits（诱出） a chuckle（轻笑、暗笑） as only one of Mark Twain's sardonic（讥讽的） wit can.
《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》是美国作家马克·吐温的中篇小说。该故事描述了一个本来和睦平静的以“诚实”、“清高”而闻名于世的哈德莱堡小镇，在一袋金币的诱惑下，小镇的“诚实”的居民，尤其是那19位首要公民，非但没有一人能抵住诱惑，反而都昧尽良心为钱欺骗、作伪，撕去了他们诚实道德的外衣，露出了贪婪的本性，演出了场场丑剧，使得“诚实”、“清高”的哈德莱堡镇臭名远扬。
运用讽刺手法，揭露批判了19世纪美国社会的拜金主义，辛辣讽刺了资产阶级的虚伪人性。
“NINETEENERS (Some of the 19 prominent citizens of Hadleyburg)
Mary Richards ---first to receive the accursed（被诅咒的） sack of gold
Edward Richards ---her husband, finds honesty isn't easy
Mrs. Wilson ---prominent lawyer
Mr. Wilson ---her husband
Ms. Jane Billson ---prime claimant of the gold
Ms. Harkness ---speculator（投机者） vying for（争夺） a seat on the legislature（立法机关）, the opponent of banker Pinkerton
Ms. Piketon ---owns town bank
Characters
Minor citizens
Jack Halliday --- town loafer（浪子，懒汉）, provides commentary
Rev. Ms. Burgess --- the arbiter（仲裁人） of the gold reward
Charles Cox --- owner of local newspaper
Mabel Cox --- his wife
Jenny --- Cox employee
The architect ---recently moved into town
Others
The Stranger ---plans to destroy those who slighted him
Newspaper Reporter --- from the Associated Press office
Mr. Richards
理查兹是小镇银行的老出纳员。他是一个“为了那点儿薪水而甘当别人的奴隶”，但又很善于自我解脱的重要镇民。当他从妻子那里得知一袋金币的秘密时，下意识地开玩笑道：“把这些钱藏起来，把纸条子烧掉不就行了” 。这种下意识其实正暴露了理查兹内心的贪欲和不诚实。他为了满足自己能看到其它市镇忌妒的虚荣心，理查兹将秘密告诉了报馆老板柯克斯。金币的秘密随着报纸的发行轰动了全美各地，这是理查兹始料不及的。理查兹夫妇追悔莫及，彼此埋怨不已。
Stephenson
“史蒂文森”
“史蒂文森”是一位外乡人。他是一个来无踪、去无影的人物，是一个极高明的社会心理分析家。
Harkness
银行家哈克尼斯是一个典型的资本主义投机政客，老奸巨滑，既贪婪又善于耍弄手腕。哈克尼斯当上了州议会的议员。
Plot
Chapter 1
--- an “incorruptible” town
--- a sack of gold
--- a letter of “life-changing advice”
--- news spread out
--- attention across the country
Chapter 2
--- honesty spread throughout
--- mood changes
--- guess
--- 19 model couples
--- same letters from a stranger
--- claim the gold
--- purchase things on future wealth
Chapter 3
--- town hall meeting
--- the same remark (Billson & Wilson)
--- the second half of remark
--- “18” same claims
--- stanger's plot and revenge
--- an auction
--- Mr. and Mrs. Richards and his “honesty”
Chapter 4
--- checks to the Richards
--- a message from Burgess
--- anxiety
--- Mr. and Mrs. Richards fall ill
--- confess their guilt before die
--- Hadleyburg rename
Features
Humor and satire (讽刺; 讥讽)
--- profound theme
--- psychological description and analysis
--- clever plot
Profound theme
Money worship
In order to get the sack of gold, the 19 citizens pretend to the benefactor of the stranger who had given him the advice.
Irony
The whole story is a microcosm（缩影） of that times
The “incorruptible” Hadleyburg --- Early American capitalist society
19 prominent citizens --- hypocritical and greedy upper class
Psychological description and analysis
Mr. and Mrs Richards
Hypocrites(伪君子)
Use every conceivable（可想象的） means to gain the gold
VS
want to keep the reputation --- “the most honesty”
contrast
Clever plot
At first, setting up a suspense, let the 19 prominent citizens walk into the trap step by step.
In the middle, add some details to make the whole story perfectly.
At last, the Richards died, Hadleyburg was allowed to change its name.
1. What can we know about Hadleyburg
A. It was the least honest and upright town.
B. It can be corrupted by anyone.
C. It has a good reputation.
D. It offended nobody for years.
C
2. What on earth ruins the good reputation of Hadleyburg
A. A man who is bitter and revengeful.
B. The Richards.
C. The nineteen principal households.
D. The selfish and greedy nature.
D
3. Why did Mr. Richards make a public inquiry to find the man who gave a suffering stranger twenty dollars
A. To make sure everybody in Hadleyburg know the news.
B. To shorten search time and improve efficiency.
C. To let the neighboring towns help find the man.
D. To enlarge upon Hadleyburg’s fine old reputation for honesty.
D
4. After the news was published, why did the villagers’ feelings swing from happy and vain to moody and absent-minded
A. The desire for money poisoned their minds.
B. There was something unfortunate happened in the village.
C. They realized money was evil.
D. Nobody claimed the sack of gold.
A
5. What is the intention of Stephenson sending the same letters to the nineteen principal households
A. To inform more detailed information.
B. To help every family make a fortune.
C. To help villagers get rid of poverty.
D. To make villagers conflict with each other.
D
6. In the town hall, why did Mr. Burgess only read eighteen letters though he got nineteen ones
A. He wanted to return Richards’ favor.
B. He forgot to read the last one.
C. He wanted to finish the meeting quickly.
D. He lost the last envelope.
A
7. What can be inferred about Goodson
A. He was born or reared in Hadleyburg.
B. He understood the nature of people in Hadleyburg.
C. He was a kindhearted man.
D. He was respected by all in Hadleyburg.
B
8. What causes the Richards’ death
A. Unexpected money.
B. Guilty conscience.
C. Sudden illness.
D. Mr. Burgess’letter.
B