Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
Part 1课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1(教材P52)Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry.
无韵诗可能是英国诗歌中最常见和最有影响力的诗歌之一。
◎blank adj.空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的；茫然的n.空白；空格
[佳句] Hearing the news, my mind went blank.
听到这个消息， 我的脑子一片空白。
[写美]——完成句子
①我努力想他的名字， 但我的脑子里完全一片空白。
I am trying to think of his name, but my mind is ________________．
②我们还要再次解释， 但是他只是面无表情地看了我们一眼。
We tried to explain again, but he just ________________．
2(教材P53)In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children's feelings.
在这些诗中， 诗人泰戈尔对孩子们的感受表示同情。
◎sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
(1)be sympathetic to/towards...
赞同某事；同情某人
(2)sympathy n. 同情；赞同
have (no) sympathy for sb.
(不)同情某人
in sympathy with... 赞同；支持
with sympathy 同情地
[佳句] To be honest, I am sympathetic with the people who are stuck in this horrible situation.
老实说， 我很同情那些被困在这种可怕情况下的人。
[练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①[2022·全国乙卷]The one in the new environment should be ________ (sympathy) to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
②________ (出于同情)the homeless child the old man gave him shelter for the night.
[写美]——一句多译
[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ， 读后续写]Meredith太太同情穷人， 因此每当她有时间的时候， 她都会给他们带来食物和药品。
③Mrs Meredith ____________________________________， so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathetic)
④Mrs Meredith __________________________， so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathy)
3(教材P53)Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence.
布朗宁爱上了她的诗， 然后他们开始了私人通信。
◎correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系
(1)in correspondence with...
和……一致；与……有通信联系
(2)correspond vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信
correspond to 相当于；符合；相似
correspond with... 与……通信；与……相一致
[佳句] His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.
他对写作的兴趣来自与一位大学密友的长时间通信。
[写美]——完成句子/一句多译
(1)我的笔友的爱好和我相似， 因此我们经常通信， 就文学作品交换意见。
My pen-pal's hobbies ________________， and hence, we often____________________________________ to exchange ideas on literary works.
(2)只有当你言行一致时， 你才能和别人相处融洽。
①Only when what you do is ________________________________ what you say can you get along well with others.
②Only when what you do __________________________ what you say can you get along well with others.
Part 2 语法专项突破
复习定语从句
[自主感知]
①There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
②Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.
③One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”， which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
④List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
⑤Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines.
⑥Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
⑦The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
[自我发现]
1．句①、②、④、⑤、⑥是________定语从句；句③、⑤是________定语从句。
2．句②中省略了定语从句的关系词。
3．句①是________引导定语从句；句③、④、⑤、⑥、⑦都是________引导定语从句。
[语法规则]
一、关系代词的基本用法?
1．关系代词who、whom和whose
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
①Li Ming, who is my cousin, has gradually adjusted to the life in America.
我的表弟李明已逐渐适应了美国的生活。 (作主语)
②I've become good friends with Li Hua (who/whom) I met in the English speech contest.
我与在英语演讲比赛中结识的李华成了好朋友。
(作宾语， 可省略)
③I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
我住在一对夫妻的隔壁， 他们的孩子们总是弄出很大的响声。(作定语)
2．关系代词which和that
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
①I've got a novel (which/that) you may like to read.
我有一本你或许会喜欢读的小说。(作宾语， 可省略)
②Views that/which are entirely new may be hard to accept.
那些全新的观点或许很难被接受。(指物， 作主语)
③The number of the people who come to visit the city each year rises by 15%.
来这座城市游玩的人数每年增加15%。(指人， 作主语)
[巧学活用1]——用适当的关系代词填空
①[2022·全国乙卷]At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, ________ will go to school sports.
②Children ________ are not active in exercise or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
③Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognising their strengths.
二、关系副词的基本用法?
1．关系副词when、where和why
关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why 表示原因的名词(reason) 原因状语
①We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held.
我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语)
②[2021·浙江卷6月]There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play.
从家里步行不到10分钟就有两个公园， 附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。(地点状语)
③I am writing to inform you of the reasons why our school's drama club is popular with us students.
我写信告知你我们学校的戏剧俱乐部受我们学生欢迎的原因。 (原因状语)
2．关系副词when、where和why可转换为“介词＋which”
when、where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意使用适当的介词， 但是关系副词why只可转换为“for＋which”。
①He will never forget the days when/in which he learned drama.
他永远不会忘记他学习戏剧的那段时光。
②Unfortunately, some poor men have no house where/in which he can live.
不幸的是， 一些穷人没有房子住。
3．表示抽象地点的名词(case, situation, condition, atmosphere, activity, job, career, point, stage等)作先行词， 且从句中缺少地点状语时， 常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
①The manager is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
经理正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛， 在这种气氛中， 员工喜欢他们的工作。
②Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
那些成功的聋人舞蹈家认为跳舞是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。
[巧学活用2]——用适当的关系副词填空
①His teacher didn't know the reason ________he failed in the spoken contest.
②The song brought the time back to me ________ I was taken good care of in the countryside by my grandparents.
③Their youngest girl is at the stage ________ she can say a single word but not a full sentence.
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句?
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom, 不用that。
①There comes Tom, for whom I have been waiting an hour or so.
汤姆来了， 我等了他大约一个小时。
②I'll never forget the days on which we studied together.
我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。
2．固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listen to, look at, depend on, look for, pay attention to, take care of, look after, take part in, make use of, catch up with, get along with, hear of, look forward to等。
①This must be the key that she is looking for.
这一定是她正在寻找的那把钥匙。
②This is the baby whom you will look after.
这就是你将要照看的婴儿。
③We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of.
我们经常谈论我们听说的人和事。
3．“不定代词/数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。
①The event was organized by two people, both of whom are amateurs.
这次活动是由两个人组织的， 他们两人都是业余爱好者。
②He bought many apples, all of which were delicious.
他买了很多苹果， 都很好吃。
4．“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”； 可替换成“whose＋名词”引导定语从句。
The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired.
窗户遭到破坏的那个房子现在已经修好了。
[巧学活用3]——将下列句子升级为定语从句
①The man has two daughters, and both of them work as teachers.
→The man has two daughters, ____________ work as teachers.
②The factory produces thousands of computers every year and 50% of them are sold abroad.
→The factory produces thousands of computers every year, ____________ are sold abroad.
③John studied at this university from 2013 to 2016, and he studied very hard during that time.
→John studied at this university from 2013 to 2016, ____________ he studied very hard.
四、as、which引导非限制性定语从句?
项目 as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容， 也可指代主句的一部分内容
位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能置于主句之前
意义 正如 这、那
功能 连接上下文， 表达说话人的观点、看法， 并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
①As we all know, a person's words should correspond with his deeds.
众所周知， 一个人应该言行一致。
②As an old saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
正如那句老话所说：“只学习， 不玩耍， 聪明的孩子会变傻。”
③Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.
因此， 这次我将向你介绍唐诗， 它将有助于你学习汉语。
[巧学活用4]——用as或which填空
①She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
②________ is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.
③He worked out the complicated problem, ________ surprised us.
④________ is often the case with human beings, many animals sleep a lot when young, but sleep much less when they get older.
五、that和which引导定语从句的区别?
关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的几种情况：
1．当先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
You should hand in all that belongs to you.
你应该把属于你的所有东西交上来。
2．当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some等修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is give you some advice.
我们唯一能做的就是给你一些建议。
3．当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
这是用来治理污染最好的方法。
4．当先行词被序数词修饰时。
It is the first American movie that I've ever seen.
这是我看过的第一部美国电影。
5．当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记他们在长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
[巧学活用5]——用that或which填空
①[2021·全国甲卷满分作文]To introduce traditional Chinese culture, our school will hold a theme class meeting, ________ will be exhibited on the English website.
②There is nothing ________ can prevent him from doing it.
③The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
④The boy and his dog __________ were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
Part 1 课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1．①a complete blank ②gave us a blank look
2．①sympathetic ②Out of sympathy for ③was sympathetic towards/to the poor ④had sympathy for the poor
3．(1)correspond to mine; correspond with each other
(2)①in correspondence with ②corresponds with
Part 2 语法专项突破
复习定语从句
[自我发现]
1．限制性 非限制性 3.关系副词 关系代词
[巧学活用1]
①which ②who; whose ③who
[巧学活用2]
①why ②when ③where
[巧学活用3]
①both of whom ②50% of which ③during which time
[巧学活用4]
①which ②As ③which ④As
[巧学活用5]
①which ②that ③that ④that(共30张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
探究新知 发展语言知识
1(教材P52)Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential forms of English poetry.
无韵诗可能是英国诗歌中最常见和最有影响力的诗歌之一。
◎blank adj.空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的；茫然的n.空白；空格
[佳句] Hearing the news, my mind went blank.
听到这个消息， 我的脑子一片空白。
[写美]——完成句子
①我努力想他的名字， 但我的脑子里完全一片空白。
I am trying to think of his name, but my mind is ________________．
②我们还要再次解释， 但是他只是面无表情地看了我们一眼。
We tried to explain again, but he just ________________．
a complete blank
gave us a blank look
2(教材P53)In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children's feelings.
在这些诗中， 诗人泰戈尔对孩子们的感受表示同情。
◎sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
(1)be sympathetic to/towards... 赞同某事；同情某人
(2)sympathy n. 同情；赞同
have (no) sympathy for sb. (不)同情某人
in sympathy with... 赞同；支持
with sympathy 同情地
[佳句] To be honest, I am sympathetic with the people who are stuck in this horrible situation.
老实说， 我很同情那些被困在这种可怕情况下的人。
[练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①[2022·全国乙卷]The one in the new environment should be ________ (sympathy) to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
②_______________ (出于同情)the homeless child the old man gave him shelter for the night.
[写美]——一句多译
[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ， 读后续写]Meredith太太同情穷人， 因此每当她有时间的时候， 她都会给他们带来食物和药品。
③Mrs Meredith ____________________________， so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathetic)
④Mrs Meredith _______________________， so she would bring food and medicine to them whenever she had time.(sympathy)
sympathetic
Out of sympathy for
was sympathetic towards/to the poor
had sympathy for the poor
3(教材P53)Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into personal correspondence.
布朗宁爱上了她的诗， 然后他们开始了私人通信。
◎correspondence n．来往信件；通信联系
(1)in correspondence with... 和……一致；与……有通信联系
(2)correspond vi. 相一致；符合；相当于；通信
correspond to 相当于；符合；相似
correspond with... 与……通信；与……相一致
[佳句] His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend.
他对写作的兴趣来自与一位大学密友的长时间通信。
[写美]——完成句子/一句多译
(1)我的笔友的爱好和我相似， 因此我们经常通信， 就文学作品交换意见。
My pen-pal's hobbies ________________， and hence, we often
.______________________ to exchange ideas on literary works.
(2)只有当你言行一致时， 你才能和别人相处融洽。
①Only when what you do is ___________________ what you say can you get along well with others.
②Only when what you do ________________ what you say can you get along well with others.
correspond to mine
correspond with each other
in correspondence with
corresponds with
复习定语从句
[自主感知]
①There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
②Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.
③One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”， which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
④List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
⑤Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines.
⑥Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
⑦The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
[自我发现]
1．句①、②、④、⑤、⑥是________定语从句；句③、⑤是________定语从句。
2．句②中省略了定语从句的关系词。
3．句①是________引导定语从句；句③、④、⑤、⑥、⑦都是________引导定语从句。
限制性
非限制性
关系副词
关系代词
[语法规则]
一、关系代词的基本用法
1．关系代词who、whom和whose
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
①Li Ming, who is my cousin, has gradually adjusted to the life in America.
我的表弟李明已逐渐适应了美国的生活。 (作主语)
②I've become good friends with Li Hua (who/whom) I met in the English speech contest.
我与在英语演讲比赛中结识的李华成了好朋友。(作宾语， 可省略)
③I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
我住在一对夫妻的隔壁， 他们的孩子们总是弄出很大的响声。(作定语)
2．关系代词which和that
①I've got a novel (which/that) you may like to read.
我有一本你或许会喜欢读的小说。(作宾语， 可省略)
②Views that/which are entirely new may be hard to accept.
那些全新的观点或许很难被接受。(指物， 作主语)
③The number of the people who come to visit the city each year rises by 15%.
来这座城市游玩的人数每年增加15%。(指人， 作主语)
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
[巧学活用1]——用适当的关系代词填空
①[2022·全国乙卷]At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, ________ will go to school sports.
②Children ________ are not active in exercise or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
③Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognising their strengths.
which
who
whose
who
二、关系副词的基本用法
1．关系副词when、where和why
关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why 表示原因的名词(reason) 原因状语
①We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held.
我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语)
②[2021·浙江卷6月]There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play.
从家里步行不到10分钟就有两个公园， 附近的孩子们聚集在那里玩耍。(地点状语)
③I am writing to inform you of the reasons why our school's drama club is popular with us students.
我写信告知你我们学校的戏剧俱乐部受我们学生欢迎的原因。 (原因状语)
2．关系副词when、where和why可转换为“介词＋which”
when、where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意使用适当的介词， 但是关系副词why只可转换为“for＋which”。
①He will never forget the days when/in which he learned drama.
他永远不会忘记他学习戏剧的那段时光。
②Unfortunately, some poor men have no house where/in which he can live.
不幸的是， 一些穷人没有房子住。
3．表示抽象地点的名词(case, situation, condition, atmosphere, activity, job, career, point, stage等)作先行词， 且从句中缺少地点状语时， 常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
①The manager is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
经理正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛， 在这种气氛中， 员工喜欢他们的工作。
②Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
那些成功的聋人舞蹈家认为跳舞是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。
[巧学活用2]——用适当的关系副词填空
①His teacher didn't know the reason ________he failed in the spoken contest.
②The song brought the time back to me ________ I was taken good care of in the countryside by my grandparents.
③Their youngest girl is at the stage ________ she can say a single word but not a full sentence.
why
when
where
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom, 不用that。
①There comes Tom, for whom I have been waiting an hour or so.
汤姆来了， 我等了他大约一个小时。
②I'll never forget the days on which we studied together.
我永远忘不了我们一起学习的日子。
2．固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listen to, look at, depend on, look for, pay attention to, take care of, look after, take part in, make use of, catch up with, get along with, hear of, look forward to等。
①This must be the key that she is looking for.
这一定是她正在寻找的那把钥匙。
②This is the baby whom you will look after.
这就是你将要照看的婴儿。
③We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of.
我们经常谈论我们听说的人和事。
3．“不定代词/数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。
①The event was organized by two people, both of whom are amateurs.
这次活动是由两个人组织的， 他们两人都是业余爱好者。
②He bought many apples, all of which were delicious.
他买了很多苹果， 都很好吃。
4．“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”； 可替换成“whose＋名词”引导定语从句。
The house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired.
窗户遭到破坏的那个房子现在已经修好了。
[巧学活用3]——将下列句子升级为定语从句
①The man has two daughters, and both of them work as teachers.
→The man has two daughters, ____________ work as teachers.
②The factory produces thousands of computers every year and 50% of them are sold abroad.
→The factory produces thousands of computers every year, ____________ are sold abroad.
③John studied at this university from 2013 to 2016, and he studied very hard during that time.
→John studied at this university from 2013 to 2016, ______________ he studied very hard.
both of whom
50% of which
during which time
四、as、which引导非限制性定语从句
项目 as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容， 也可指代主句的一部分内容
位置 引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能置于主句之前
意义 正如 这、那
功能 连接上下文， 表达说话人的观点、看法， 并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
①As we all know, a person's words should correspond with his deeds.
众所周知， 一个人应该言行一致。
②As an old saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”
正如那句老话所说：“只学习， 不玩耍， 聪明的孩子会变傻。”
③Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.
因此， 这次我将向你介绍唐诗， 它将有助于你学习汉语。
[巧学活用4]——用as或which填空
①She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
②________ is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.
③He worked out the complicated problem, ________ surprised us.
④________ is often the case with human beings, many animals sleep a lot when young, but sleep much less when they get older.
which
As
which
As
五、that和which引导定语从句的区别
关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的几种情况：
1．当先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
You should hand in all that belongs to you.
你应该把属于你的所有东西交上来。
2．当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some等修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is give you some advice.
我们唯一能做的就是给你一些建议。
3．当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
这是用来治理污染最好的方法。
4．当先行词被序数词修饰时。
It is the first American movie that I've ever seen.
这是我看过的第一部美国电影。
5．当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记他们在长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
[巧学活用5]——用that或which填空
①[2021·全国甲卷满分作文]To introduce traditional Chinese culture, our school will hold a theme class meeting, ________ will be exhibited on the English website.
②There is nothing ________ can prevent him from doing it.
③The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
④The boy and his dog __________ were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.
which
that
that
that
