Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Part 1课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
Task 1文本整体理解：理清文章架构
1.What is the text mainly about
A．How teenagers make a choice.
B．How teenagers feel relaxed.
C．How teenagers change their bad habits.
D．How teenagers become more independent.
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Para.1) ________
Part 2(Para.2) ________
Part 3(Paras.3～4) ________
Part 4(Para.5) ________
Part 5(Para.6) ________
Part 6(Para.7) ________
A．The young have the power to build a healthy life full of good habits.
B．It's so easy for some teenagers to form bad habits.
C．To change some bad habits, a teenager must make many attempts.
D．Something about the three stages of the habit cycle.
E．We should change our bad habits and create good habits using the habit cycle.
F．To change some bad habits, a person must repeatedly take many small steps.
Task 2文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解
Read the text on Pages 14～15 carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What does “We are what we repeatedly do.” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．The choice often repeats again.
B．Repeated choices make up a habit.
C．We can't change a habit.
D．Choices work repeatedly.
2．What is the first step to change a bad habit according to the text
A．To examine our bad habit cycle.
B．To form a good habit cycle.
C．To find out the cue of a bad habit.
D．To replace a bad routine with something positive.
3．What do we need to change a bad habit
A．Patience.
B．Discipline.
C．Repeated small steps.
D．All of above.
4．Which is the right structure of the text
Task 3文本理解：续写佳句
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the emotion.(细读短文并找出情绪描写的句子)
(1)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(3)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Task 4阅读思维升华：主题实践
1.Do you have any bad habits (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．How can you change them if you have bad habits (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
精读课文 疏通理解障碍
[读文清障]
①become involved in使卷入；使陷入
②tobacco [t 'b k ] n．烟草；烟叶
③alcohol [' lk h l] n.酒；酒精
④abuse [ 'bju s] n．滥用；虐待；辱骂
vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
⑤dominate
['d m ne t] vt.&vi.支配；控制；占有优势
⑥essential [ 'sen l] adj.至关重要的
⑦based on以……为基础；基于
⑧philosophy
[f 'l s fi] n．哲学；哲理；人生观
⑨psychology
[sa 'k l d i] n．心理学；心理；心理影响
⑩cue [kju ] n．提示；暗示；信号
in response to
回答；答复
reward [r 'w d] n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
facilitate
[f 's l te t] vt.促进；促使；使便利
examine
[ ɡ'z m n] vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验
combine...with
将……与……结合
negative ['neɡ t v] adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
aside from
除……以外
escalator
['esk le t (r)] n．自动扶梯；电动扶梯
straight away
立即；马上
pessimistic
[ pes 'm st k] adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
discipline
['d s pl n] n．自制力；纪律；学科
v．自我控制；管教；处罚
repeatedly
[r 'pi t dli] adv.重复地；再三地；屡次地
pill [p l] n．药丸；药片
decide on决定；选定
[原文呈现]
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.[1] For example, some of them may become involved in① tobacco② or alcohol③ abuse④， which can lead to physical and mental health problems.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑤ a teenager's life is essential⑥.[2] They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
[1]if 引导的句子为省略句，补全为： if they are left unchecked，在句中作插入语， when 引导时间状语从句。
[2]句中动词不定式作主语。
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.[3] There is a famous saying based on⑦ the philosophy⑧ of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made.We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again.Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.[4] The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.[5]
[3]句中动词不定式作主语。
[4]句中第二个that引导定语从句。
[5]句中that引导表语从句，其中if引导条件状语从句。
According to modern psychology⑨， we must first learn about the “habit cycle”， which works like this：
·Firstly, there is a “cue⑩”， an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
·Secondly, there is a “routine”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
·Thirdly, there is the “reward ”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy(reward)．[6] The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
[6]句中when引导时间状语从句， which引导非限制性定语从句。
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive.So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed(reward)．[7] Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
[7]句中when引导时间状语从句， which引导非限制性定语从句。
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away ， we often become pessimisticB21 and give up.In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”One step seems small, but it is essential.To reach the goal of change, a person must show some disciplineB22 and repeatedlyB23 take many small steps.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits.However, there is no “magic pillB24” or delete button that will help you；you have to think about your bad habits and decide onB25 some changes.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！
[课文翻译]
健康的生活习惯
随着青少年的成长，他们变得更加独立，并开始自己做决定。然而，在这段时间里，他们中的一些人很容易养成坏习惯。如果放任不管，在他们成年后这些坏习惯可能会导致更严重的后果。例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。防止像这样的坏习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会及早发现坏习惯，并做出适当的改变。
改变坏习惯绝非易事，即使有很多次的尝试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”在很多方面，我们的生活方式是我们做出的选择的总和。我们选择做某事，然后我们一遍又一遍地重复它。很快，这种选择就变成了无意识的，并形成一种较难改变的习惯。好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的，我们就可以改变。
根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，它是这样运作的：
第一，有一个“暗示”，即有一个动作、事件或情况作为做某事的信号。
第二，形成“惯例”，即你根据暗示采取的有规律的行动。
第三，有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。
例如，当我们感到不快乐(暗示)时，我们会吃许多不健康的零食(惯例)，这让我们感到快乐(奖励)。奖励使我们更有可能继续进行这样的循环，继而养成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。我们可以将习惯循环的信息与自己的积极想法结合来做到这一点。例如，我们可以试着用更积极的事情来代替消极的惯例。所以，当我们再次感到不快乐(暗示)时，不要吃零食，而是可以听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例)来代替，这将使我们感到放松(奖励)。除了改变坏习惯以外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来塑造好习惯。例如，当我们遇到自动扶梯(暗示)时，我们通常的做法是乘坐自动扶梯，但我们可以通过走楼梯来改变这种惯例，使之变为更积极的事情。
我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果不能马上取得成功，我们经常会变得悲观然后放弃。事实上，最成功的改变方式不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”一步看起来很小，却是至关重要的。为了达到改变的目标，一个人必须表现出一定的自制力，并不断小步前进。毕竟，改掉坏习惯并非易事。
对于年轻人来说，有足够的时间来改变坏习惯。然而，没有可以帮助你的“神奇药丸”或删除按钮；你必须考虑一下你的坏习惯并决定做出一些改变。你有能力创造一个充满良好习惯、快乐而又健康的生活！
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.核心词汇
根据语境写出正确的单词
1．drug ________ 药物滥用
2．________ and mental health problems
生理和心理健康问题
3．according to modern ________
根据现代心理学
4．________ a positive change
促进积极的改变
5．________ our bad habit cycles
审视我们的坏习惯循环
6．high standards of ________
纪律严格
7．magic ________ 神奇药丸
8．________ mail accidentally 不小心删除邮件
9．People's ________ Army 中国人民解放军
10．________ your neighbours
打扰你的邻居
11．lung cancer ________ 肺癌外科手术
12．wear a ________ 留着胡须
13．take ________ 吸毒
14．a famous heart ________ 一位著名的心脏外科医生
15．________ operation 外科手术
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．________ [' lk h l] n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.酒精的，含酒精的 n．酒鬼，酗酒者
2．________ ['d m ne t] vt.&vi.支配；控制；占有优势→dominant adj.占支配地位的；占优势的→domination n．控制；支配；统治
3．________ [r 'pi t d] adj.再三的，反复的→repeatedly adv.重复地；再三地；屡次地
4．________ [r 'w d] n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；报酬高的
5．________ [r 'la ] vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的→reliably adv.可靠地；确实地
6．________ [ ɡ'z m n] vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．考试；检查
7．________ ['neɡ t v] adj.消极的；有害的；否定的→negatively adv.消极地；否定地→[反义词]positive adj.积极的；肯定的；正面的
8．________ [ pes 'm st k] adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观；悲观主义→[反义词]optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
9．________ [k m'p z] vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n．组成；作曲；作品→composer n．作曲家；作家
10．________ ['s d n] n．外科医生→surgery n．外科手术；外科学
11．________ ['l b re t] vt.解放→liberation n．解放；摆脱
构词规律
1.-ation常用于动词之后构成名词，表示“属于，倾向性”等。
examine v．→examination n．检查；审查
starve v．→________ n．饥饿
determine v．→________ n．决定
imagine v．→________ n．想象
2．一起“促进，提高”
①promote vt. 促进，提高
②improve vt.&vi. 改进，提高
③enhance vt. 提高；增强；增进
④raise vt. 上升，提高
⑤boost vt. 促进；增加；支援
⑥facilitate vt. 促进，推动
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 回答；答复
2．________________ 依赖；依靠；信赖
3．________________ 立即；马上
4．________________ 决定；选定
5．________________ 下定决心
6．________________ 由……组成(或构成)的
7．________________ 剃掉；刮去
8．________________ 一再地
9．________________ 除……以外
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．[句型]as引导时间状语从句
[教材]________________， they become more independent and start making their own decisions.
随着青少年的成长，他们变得更加独立，开始自己做决定。
2．[句型]状语从句的省略
[教材]These bad habits, ________________， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯，如果放任不管，长大后可能会导致更严重的后果。
3．[句型]过去分词短语作后置定语
[教材]____________________________________ the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.”
有一句基于亚里士多德哲学思想的名言：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
4．[句型]“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……”
[教材]In fact, the most successful way to change is ______________， ________________________．
事实上，最成功的改变方式不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间。
Ⅴ.理清复杂句式
1．[教材]For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
[分析]
[翻译]例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。
2．[教材]For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward)．
[分析]
[翻译]例如，当我们感到不快乐(暗示)时，我们会吃许多不健康的零食(惯例)，这让我们感到快乐(奖励)。
3．[教材]Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.
[分析]
[翻译]我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果不能马上取得成功，我们经常会变得悲观然后放弃。
Part 2课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1(教材P14)These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
如果放任不管，在他们成年后这些坏习惯可能会导致更严重的后果。
◎句型公式：状语从句的省略
句中的“if left unchecked”是条件状语从句的省略，补充完整为“if they are left unchecked”。
状语从句省略的条件：
(1)若从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
(2)若状语从句中出现it is/was时，可以省略从句中的it is/was。
[佳句] If invited to appreciate the exhibition to be held next Sunday, I will readily accept it.
如果邀请我去欣赏下星期天举行的展览，我将欣然接受。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①When ________ (chat) with him, I sensed that he was a little pessimistic about his future.
②When________ (admit) to this school, I had thought I would enjoy an extremely comfortable school life.
[写美]——句型转换
③As for accommodation, you have the option of staying either at my home or in a hotel, which I can reserve for you in advance if it is necessary.
→As for accommodation, you have the option of staying either at my home or in a hotel, which I can reserve for you in advance ______________．(状语从句的省略)
2(教材P14)Secondly, there is a “routine”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
其次，有一个“常规”，即你根据提示采取的有规律的行动。
◎in response to回答；回复；对……作出反应
(1)give/make a response to 对……做出回应
(2)respond vi. 回答；回复
respond to 回答；回复
[佳句] I'm writing to have a brief introduction to Beijing Opera in response to your request.
为回应你的请求，我写信简要介绍一下京剧。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Judging from the ________ (respond) of the audience, the performance was quite a success.
②I do believe that we students will definitely respond ________ the appeal to use shared bikes properly.
[写美]——应用文之保护环境
③为了响应居民的巨大需求，我们社区将组织一场活动来提高人们的环境保护意识。
________________________________________________________________________,
our community will organise an event to raise people's awareness of environment protection.
3(教材P14)Thirdly, there is the “reward”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三，有一个“奖励”，即我们从“惯例”中获得的好处或感觉。
◎reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
in reward for 为酬谢……；作为奖励
(2)reward sb. with...for...
为……用……回报某人
be rewarded with... 得到……/获得……报答
rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有意义的
[佳句] With grateful tears hanging in his eyes, he insisted on rewarding us with a lot of money for helping him.
他眼中满是感激的泪水，坚持给我们大笔钱酬谢我们的帮助。(读后续写之情感描写)
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The government offered the scientist ￥5，000，000 in reward ________ his great contributions.
②The old Silk Road is worthy of a visit, which will be an interesting and ________ (reward) experience.
[写美]——一句多译
政府为奖励他在医学领域的贡献而为他颁发奖章。
③The government gave him a medal ________________ his contributions in the field of medicine.(reward n．)
④The government gave him a medal ________________ his contributions in the field of medicine.(reward vt.)
4(教材P15)The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
奖励使我们更有可能继续这个循环，继而养成了依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。
◎rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
rely/depend/count on/upon sb./sth.
指望/依靠某人/某事
rely on/upon sb. to do sth.
指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……；指望……
[佳句] When facing difficulties, you had better not always rely on it that others will help you out.
当面临困难时，你最好不要总是指望别人会帮助你。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①My father and I had no choice but to rely on ourselves ________ (find) a way out of the thick forest.
②Not only is he ________ (rely), but he is also considerate and selfless, so I think he is quite qualified for the position.(应用文之推荐信)
[写美]——一句多译
我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。(应用文之人物描写)
③I respect my uncle most because I can ________________________________ whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon sb. to do)
④I respect my uncle most because I can ________________________________ whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that...)
指津：rely on的同义短语有：depend on/upon; count on/upon等。
5(教材P15)Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.
我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果不能马上取得成功，我们经常会变得悲观然后放弃。
◎straight away 立即；马上
“立刻，马上”的其他表达： right away、 right now、 at once、 in no time等。
whether后可接不定式，而if不可。
[佳句] I caught a bad cold, so I should go and see a doctor straight away.
我得了重感冒，所以我应该马上去看医生。
[写美]——读后续写佳句
感觉到我相当尴尬，我弟弟立即来帮助我。
Sensing that I was quite embarrassed，my younger brother came to my assistance ________________________．
6(教材P15)In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.
事实上，最成功的改变方式不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间。
◎“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……”
本句中含有“not...but...”结构，意为“不是……而是……”。
(1)“not...but...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数要遵循“就近原则”。
(2)“not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”，“neither...nor...”意为“既不……也不……”，两个结构连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数也要遵循“就近原则”。
[佳句] [2022·全国乙卷书面表达]In my view, it is not how we learn English but our determination to learn English that actually matters.
在我看来，重要的不是我们如何学习英语，而是我们学习英语的决心。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Without learning a lesson from our mistakes, we would neither improve skills ________ realise our goals.
②It is more meaningful not to shout empty slogans ________ to donate books and sports goods to children in need.
③There was some evidence that not the passengers but the driver ________ (be) to be responsible for the accident happened yesterday.
7(教材P15)After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.毕竟，改掉坏习惯并非易事。
◎after all毕竟，终究
all in all 总而言之
in all 总共；共计
at all 根本；全然(常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中加强语气)
above all 首先；最重要的是
first of all 首先
[佳句] [北京卷书面表达]After all, the bright smiles on the faces of farmers are the biggest reward for our efforts.
毕竟，农民脸上灿烂的笑容是我们努力的最大回报。
[写美]——用all的相关短语填空
____________， it is normal for many Senior Three students to feel more stressed before important exams. So you don't need to worry ____________. ____________， it will be a good idea if you share your feelings with your friends or teachers. Furthermore, keep an optimistic attitude towards life and study. ____________， follow the above proposals and you will get rid of your trouble soon. (应用文之建议信)
8(教材P15)You have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
你必须考虑自己的不良习惯并做出一些改变。
◎decide on决定；选定
(1)decide on doing sth. 决定做某事
decide sb. to do sth. 使某人决定做某事
(2)decision n. 决定
make a decision 做出决定
[佳句] We'll decide on the team and when we qualify.
将来我们具备了条件时就会决定成立这个队。
[写美]——完成句子
①我们最后决定召开一次班会来制定活动计划。
We finally ________________________________ to make a plan for the activity.
②为了保护中国文化遗产，我们学校已经决定邀请一些著名的艺术家于下周五下午4点到6点在学校礼堂演出。(应用文之通知)
To protect the Chinese cultural heritage, our school ________________________________ some famous artists to put on performances in the school auditorium from 4：00 p．m. to 6：00 p．m. next Friday.
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Part 1 课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
Task 1
1．C 2.BCDEFA
Task 2
1．B 2.A 3.D 4.B
Task 3
(1)For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward).
(2)So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)，...
(3)Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.
Task 4
1．Yes, I have some bad habits, such as being addicted to playing computer games and being lazy.
2．To change bad habits, I will first examine my bad habit cycles, replace a negative routine with something positive, and create good habits. Most importantly, I will make great efforts to change my bad habits, and form good ones.
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.
1．abuse 2.physical 3.psychology 4.facilitate 5.examine
6．discipline 7.pill 8.delete 9.Liberation 10.disturb 11.surgery 12.beard 13.drugs 14.surgeon 15.surgery
Ⅱ.
1．alcohol 2.dominate 3.repeated 4.reward 5.rely 6.examine 7.negative 8.pessimistic 9.compose 10.surgeon 11.liberate
构词规律 1.starvation; determination; imagination
Ⅲ.
1．in response to 2.rely on 3.straight away 4.decide on 5.make up one's mind 6.be composed of 7.shave off
8．over and over again 9.aside from
Ⅳ.
1．As teenagers grow up
2．if left unchecked
3．There is a famous saying based on
4．not suddenly; but over a period of time
Ⅴ.
1．非限制性定语 2.时间状语 非限制性定语 3.宾语 条件状语
Part 2 课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1．①chatting ②admitted ③if necessary
2．①response ②to ③In response to the residents' great demand
3．①for ②rewarding ③in reward for ④to reward him for
4．①to find ②reliable ③rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions ④rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions
5．straight away/right away/right now/at once/in no time
6．①nor ②but ③was
7．After all; at all; First of all; All in all
8．①decided on holding a class meeting ②has decided/has arrived at/come to/reached/made a decision to invite(共54张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Part 1 课前预习设计
Part 2 课堂提升素养
Part 1 课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
Task 1 文本整体理解：理清文章架构
1.What is the text mainly about
A．How teenagers make a choice.
B．How teenagers feel relaxed.
C．How teenagers change their bad habits.
D．How teenagers become more independent.
C
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Para.1) ________
Part 2(Para.2) ________
Part 3(Paras.3～4) ________
Part 4(Para.5) ________
Part 5(Para.6) ________
Part 6(Para.7) ________
A．The young have the power to build a healthy life full of good habits.
B．It's so easy for some teenagers to form bad habits.
C．To change some bad habits, a teenager must make many attempts.
D．Something about the three stages of the habit cycle.
E．We should change our bad habits and create good habits using the habit cycle.
F．To change some bad habits, a person must repeatedly take many small steps.
B
C
D
E
F
A
Task 2 文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解
Read the text on Pages 14～15 carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What does “We are what we repeatedly do.” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．The choice often repeats again.
B．Repeated choices make up a habit.
C．We can't change a habit.
D．Choices work repeatedly.
B
2．What is the first step to change a bad habit according to the text
A．To examine our bad habit cycle.
B．To form a good habit cycle.
C．To find out the cue of a bad habit.
D．To replace a bad routine with something positive.
A
3．What do we need to change a bad habit
A．Patience.
B．Discipline.
C．Repeated small steps.
D．All of above.
D
4．Which is the right structure of the text
B
Task 3 文本理解：续写佳句
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences to describe the emotion.(细读短文并找出情绪描写的句子)
(1)______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
(2)______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
(3)______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward).
So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)，...
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.
Task 4 阅读思维升华：主题实践
1.Do you have any bad habits (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2．How can you change them if you have bad habits (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Yes, I have some bad habits, such as being addicted to playing computer games and being lazy.
To change bad habits, I will first examine my bad habit cycles, replace a negative routine with something positive, and create good habits. Most importantly, I will make great efforts to change my bad habits, and form good ones.
精读课文 疏通理解障碍
[读文清障]
①become involved in使卷入；使陷入
②tobacco [t 'b k ] n．烟草；烟叶
③alcohol [' lk h l] n.酒；酒精
④abuse [ 'bju s] n．滥用；虐待；辱骂
vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
⑤dominate
['d m ne t] vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
⑥essential [ 'sen l] adj.至关重要的
⑦based on以……为基础；基于
⑧philosophy
[f 'l s fi] n．哲学；哲理；人生观
⑨psychology
[sa 'k l d i] n．心理学；心理；心理影响
⑩cue [kju ] n．提示；暗示；信号
in response to
回答；答复
reward [r 'w d] n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
facilitate
[f 's l te t] vt.促进；促使；使便利
examine
[ ɡ'z m n] vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验
combine...with
将……与……结合
negative ['neɡ t v] adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
aside from
除……以外
escalator
['esk le t (r)] n．自动扶梯；电动扶梯
straight away
立即；马上
(21)pessimistic
[ pes 'm st k] adj.悲观的；悲观主义的
(22)discipline
['d s pl n] n．自制力；纪律；学科
v．自我控制；管教；处罚
(23)repeatedly
[r 'pi t dli] adv.重复地；再三地；屡次地
(24)pill [p l] n．药丸；药片
(25)decide on决定；选定
[原文呈现]
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions.However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.[1] For example, some of them may become involved in① tobacco② or alcohol③ abuse④， which can lead to physical and mental health problems.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating⑤ a teenager's life is essential⑥.[2] They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
[1]if 引导的句子为省略句，补全为： if they are left unchecked，在句中作插入语， when 引导时间状语从句。
[2]句中动词不定式作主语。
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.[3] There is a famous saying based on⑦ the philosophy⑧ of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made.We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again.Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change.[4] The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.[5]
[3]句中动词不定式作主语。
[4]句中第二个that引导定语从句。
[5]句中that引导表语从句，其中if引导条件状语从句。
According to modern psychology⑨， we must first learn about the “habit cycle”， which works like this：
·Firstly, there is a “cue⑩”， an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
·Secondly, there is a “routine”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
·Thirdly, there is the “reward ”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy(reward)．[6] The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
[6]句中when引导时间状语从句， which引导非限制性定语从句。
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas.For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive.So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed(reward)．[7] Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
[7]句中when引导时间状语从句， which引导非限制性定语从句。
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away ， we often become pessimistic21 and give up.In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”One step seems small, but it is essential.To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline22 and repeatedly23 take many small steps.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits.However, there is no “magic pill24” or delete button that will help you；you have to think about your bad habits and decide on25 some changes.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！
[课文翻译]
健康的生活习惯
随着青少年的成长，他们变得更加独立，并开始自己做决定。然而，在这段时间里，他们中的一些人很容易养成坏习惯。如果放任不管，在他们成年后这些坏习惯可能会导致更严重的后果。例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。防止像这样的坏习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会及早发现坏习惯，并做出适当的改变。
改变坏习惯绝非易事，即使有很多次的尝试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”在很多方面，我们的生活方式是我们做出的选择的总和。我们选择做某事，然后我们一遍又一遍地重复它。很快，这种选择就变成了无意识的，并形成一种较难改变的习惯。好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的，我们就可以改变。
根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，它是这样运作的：
第一，有一个“暗示”，即有一个动作、事件或情况作为做某事的信号。
第二，形成“惯例”，即你根据暗示采取的有规律的行动。
第三，有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。
例如，当我们感到不快乐(暗示)时，我们会吃许多不健康的零食(惯例)，这让我们感到快乐(奖励)。奖励使我们更有可能继续进行这样的循环，继而养成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。我们可以将习惯循环的信息与自己的积极想法结合来做到这一点。例如，我们可以试着用更积极的事情来代替消极的惯例。所以，当我们再次感到不快乐(暗示)时，不要吃零食，而是可以听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例)来代替，这将使我们感到放松(奖励)。除了改变坏习惯以外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来塑造好习惯。例如，当我们遇到自动扶梯(暗示)时，我们通常的做法是乘坐自动扶梯，但我们可以通过走楼梯来改变这种惯例，使之变为更积极的事情。
我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果不能马上取得成功，我们经常会变得悲观然后放弃。事实上，最成功的改变方式不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”一步看起来很小，却是至关重要的。为了达到改变的目标，一个人必须表现出一定的自制力，并不断小步前进。毕竟，改掉坏习惯并非易事。
对于年轻人来说，有足够的时间来改变坏习惯。然而，没有可以帮助你的“神奇药丸”或删除按钮；你必须考虑一下你的坏习惯并决定做出一些改变。你有能力创造一个充满良好习惯、快乐而又健康的生活！
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.核心词汇
根据语境写出正确的单词
1．drug ________ 药物滥用
2．________ and mental health problems
生理和心理健康问题
3．according to modern ________
根据现代心理学
4．________ a positive change
促进积极的改变
5．________ our bad habit cycles
审视我们的坏习惯循环
abuse
physical
psychology
facilitate
examine
6．high standards of ________ 纪律严格
7．magic ________ 神奇药丸
8．________ mail accidentally 不小心删除邮件
9．People's ________ Army 中国人民解放军
10．________ your neighbours 打扰你的邻居
11．lung cancer ________ 肺癌外科手术
12．wear a ________ 留着胡须
13．take ________ 吸毒
14．a famous heart ________ 一位著名的心脏外科医生
15．________ operation 外科手术
discipline
pill
delete
Liberation
disturb
surgery
beard
drugs
surgeon
surgery
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．________ [' lk h l] n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.酒精的，含酒精的 n．酒鬼，酗酒者
2．________ ['d m ne t] vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势→dominant adj.占支配地位的；占优势的→domination n．控制；支配；统治
3．________ [r 'pi t d] adj.再三的，反复的→repeatedly adv.重复地；再三地；屡次地
4．________ [r 'w d] n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；报酬高的
5．________ [r 'la ] vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的→reliably adv.可靠地；确实地
alcohol
dominate
repeated
reward
rely
6．________ [ ɡ'z m n] vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．考试；检查
7．________ ['neɡ t v] adj.消极的；有害的；否定的→negatively adv.消极地；否定地→[反义词]positive adj.积极的；肯定的；正面的
8．________ [ pes 'm st k] adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观；悲观主义→[反义词]optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
9．________ [k m'p z] vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n．组成；作曲；作品→composer n．作曲家；作家
10．________ ['s d n] n．外科医生→surgery n．外科手术；外科学
11．________ ['l b re t] vt.解放→liberation n．解放；摆脱
examine
negative
pessimistic
compose
surgeon
liberate
构词规律
1.-ation常用于动词之后构成名词，表示“属于，倾向性”等。
examine v．→examination n．检查；审查
starve v．→________ n．饥饿
determine v．→___________ n．决定
imagine v．→___________ n．想象
2．一起“促进，提高”
①promote vt. 促进，提高
②improve vt.& vi. 改进，提高
③enhance vt. 提高；增强；增进
④raise vt. 上升，提高
⑤boost vt. 促进；增加；支援
⑥facilitate vt. 促进，推动
starvation
determination
imagination
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 回答；答复
2．________________ 依赖；依靠；信赖
3．________________ 立即；马上
4．________________ 决定；选定
5．________________ 下定决心
6．________________ 由……组成(或构成)的
7．________________ 剃掉；刮去
8．________________ 一再地
9．________________ 除……以外
in response to
rely on
straight away
decide on
make up one's mind
be composed of
shave off
over and over again
aside from
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．[句型]as引导时间状语从句
[教材]________________， they become more independent and start making their own decisions.
随着青少年的成长，他们变得更加独立，开始自己做决定。
2．[句型]状语从句的省略
[教材]These bad habits, _____________， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯，如果放任不管，长大后可能会导致更严重的后果。
As teenagers grow up
if left unchecked
3．[句型]过去分词短语作后置定语
[教材]___________________________ the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.”
有一句基于亚里士多德哲学思想的名言：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
4．[句型]“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……”
[教材]In fact, the most successful way to change is ______________， ____________________．
事实上，最成功的改变方式不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间。
There is a famous saying based on
not suddenly
but over a period of time
Ⅴ.理清复杂句式
1．[教材]For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
[分析]
[翻译]例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。
非限制性定语
2．[教材]For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward)．
[分析]
[翻译]例如，当我们感到不快乐(暗示)时，我们会吃许多不健康的零食(惯例)，这让我们感到快乐(奖励)。
时间状语
非限制性定语
3．[教材]Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.
[分析]
[翻译]我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果不能马上取得成功，我们经常会变得悲观然后放弃。
宾语
条件状语
Part 2 课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1(教材P14)These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
如果放任不管，在他们成年后这些坏习惯可能会导致更严重的后果。
◎句型公式：状语从句的省略
句中的“if left unchecked”是条件状语从句的省略，补充完整为“if they are left unchecked”。
状语从句省略的条件：
(1)若从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
(2)若状语从句中出现it is/was时，可以省略从句中的it is/was。
[佳句]
If invited to appreciate the exhibition to be held next Sunday, I will readily accept it.
如果邀请我去欣赏下星期天举行的展览，我将欣然接受。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①When ________ (chat) with him, I sensed that he was a little pessimistic about his future.
②When________ (admit) to this school, I had thought I would enjoy an extremely comfortable school life.
[写美]——句型转换
③As for accommodation, you have the option of staying either at my home or in a hotel, which I can reserve for you in advance if it is necessary.
→As for accommodation, you have the option of staying either at my home or in a hotel, which I can reserve for you in advance __________．(状语从句的省略)
chatting
admitted
if necessary
2(教材P14)Secondly, there is a “routine”， the regular action you take in response to the cue.
其次，有一个“常规”，即你根据提示采取的有规律的行动。
◎in response to回答；回复；对……作出反应
(1)give/make a response to 对……做出回应
(2)respond vi. 回答；回复
respond to 回答；回复
[佳句] I'm writing to have a brief introduction to Beijing Opera in response to your request.
为回应你的请求，我写信简要介绍一下京剧。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Judging from the ________ (respond) of the audience, the performance was quite a success.
②I do believe that we students will definitely respond ________ the appeal to use shared bikes properly.
[写美]——应用文之保护环境
③为了响应居民的巨大需求，我们社区将组织一场活动来提高人们的环境保护意识。
________________________________, our community will organise an event to raise people's awareness of environment protection.
response
to
In response to the residents' great demand
3(教材P14)Thirdly, there is the “reward”， the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三，有一个“奖励”，即我们从“惯例”中获得的好处或感觉。
◎reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
in reward for 为酬谢……；作为奖励
(2)reward sb. with...for... 为……用……回报某人
be rewarded with... 得到……/获得……报答
rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有意义的
[佳句] With grateful tears hanging in his eyes, he insisted on rewarding us with a lot of money for helping him.
他眼中满是感激的泪水，坚持给我们大笔钱酬谢我们的帮助。(读后续写之情感描写)
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The government offered the scientist ￥5，000，000 in reward ________ his great contributions.
②The old Silk Road is worthy of a visit, which will be an interesting and ________ (reward) experience.
[写美]——一句多译
政府为奖励他在医学领域的贡献而为他颁发奖章。
③The government gave him a medal ___________ his contributions in the field of medicine.(reward n．)
④The government gave him a medal ______________ his contributions in the field of medicine.(reward vt.)
for
rewarding
in reward for
to reward him for
4(教材P15)The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
奖励使我们更有可能继续这个循环，继而养成了依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。
◎rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖
rely/depend/count on/upon sb./sth.
指望/依靠某人/某事
rely on/upon sb. to do sth.
指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon it that... 相信……；指望……
[佳句] When facing difficulties, you had better not always rely on it that others will help you out.
当面临困难时，你最好不要总是指望别人会帮助你。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①My father and I had no choice but to rely on ourselves ________ (find) a way out of the thick forest.
②Not only is he ________ (rely), but he is also considerate and selfless, so I think he is quite qualified for the position.(应用文之推荐信)
[写美]——一句多译
我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。(应用文之人物描写)
to find
reliable
③I respect my uncle most because I can ________________________
________________ whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon sb. to do)
④I respect my uncle most because I can _______________________________________________ whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that...)
指津：rely on的同义短语有：depend on/upon; count on/upon等。
rely on/upon him to offer me some
practical suggestions
rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions
5(教材P15)Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.
我们中的许多人都试图迅速改变坏习惯，如果不能马上取得成功，我们经常会变得悲观然后放弃。
◎straight away 立即；马上
“立刻，马上”的其他表达： right away、 right now、 at once、 in no time等。
whether后可接不定式，而if不可。
[佳句] I caught a bad cold, so I should go and see a doctor straight away.
我得了重感冒，所以我应该马上去看医生。
[写美]——读后续写佳句
感觉到我相当尴尬，我弟弟立即来帮助我。
Sensing that I was quite embarrassed，my younger brother came to my assistance ______________________________________．
straight away/right away/right now/at once/in no time
6(教材P15)In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.
事实上，最成功的改变方式不是一蹴而就的，而是要经过一段时间。
◎“not...but...”意为“不是……而是……”
本句中含有“not...but...”结构，意为“不是……而是……”。
(1)“not...but...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数要遵循“就近原则”。
(2)“not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”，“neither...nor...”意为“既不……也不……”，两个结构连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数也要遵循“就近原则”。
[佳句] [2022·全国乙卷书面表达]In my view, it is not how we learn English but our determination to learn English that actually matters.
在我看来，重要的不是我们如何学习英语，而是我们学习英语的决心。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Without learning a lesson from our mistakes, we would neither improve skills ________ realise our goals.
②It is more meaningful not to shout empty slogans ________ to donate books and sports goods to children in need.
③There was some evidence that not the passengers but the driver ________ (be) to be responsible for the accident happened yesterday.
nor
but
was
7(教材P15)After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.毕竟，改掉坏习惯并非易事。
◎after all毕竟，终究
all in all 总而言之
in all 总共；共计
at all 根本；全然(常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中加强语气)
above all 首先；最重要的是
first of all 首先
[佳句] [北京卷书面表达]After all, the bright smiles on the faces of farmers are the biggest reward for our efforts.
毕竟，农民脸上灿烂的笑容是我们努力的最大回报。
[写美]——用all的相关短语填空
________， it is normal for many Senior Three students to feel more stressed before important exams. So you don't need to worry _______. __________， it will be a good idea if you share your feelings with your friends or teachers. Furthermore, keep an optimistic attitude towards life and study. ________， follow the above proposals and you will get rid of your trouble soon. (应用文之建议信)
After all
at all
First of all
All in all
8(教材P15)You have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
你必须考虑自己的不良习惯并做出一些改变。
◎decide on决定；选定
(1)decide on doing sth. 决定做某事
decide sb. to do sth. 使某人决定做某事
(2)decision n. 决定
make a decision 做出决定
[佳句] We'll decide on the team and when we qualify.
将来我们具备了条件时就会决定成立这个队。
[写美]——完成句子
①我们最后决定召开一次班会来制定活动计划。
We finally _________________________ to make a plan for the activity.
②为了保护中国文化遗产，我们学校已经决定邀请一些著名的艺术家于下周五下午4点到6点在学校礼堂演出。(应用文之通知)
To protect the Chinese cultural heritage, our school _________________
_______________________________ some famous artists to put on performances in the school auditorium from 4：00 p．m. to 6：00 p．m. next Friday.
decided on holding a class meeting
has decided/has arrived at/
come to/reached/made a decision to invite
