Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Part 1 课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
Task 1文本整体理解：理清文章架构
1.What does the text mainly tell us
A．How religious paintings developed.
B．How oil paintings developed.
C．How Impressionist paintings developed.
D．How Western art developed.
2．Match the painting style with each stage.
Para.1 The Middle Ages ________
Para.2 The Renaissance ________
Para.3 Impressionism ________
Para.4 Modern Art ________
A．Subjective. B．Abstract and realistic.
C．More humanistic. D．Religious faith.
Task 2文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解
Read the text on Pages 2～3 carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．When did painters concentrate less on religion
A．From the 5th to 15th century.
B．From the 14th to 17th century.
C．From the late 19th to early 20th century.
D．From the 20th century to today.
2．Who painted with Cubism
A．Painters in the Middle Ages.
B．Painters in the Renaissance.
C．The Impressionists.
D．Painters of Modern Art.
3．What is the relationship between the Impressionists and Modern Art
A．The Impressionists teach the modern artists how to draw things in perspective.
B．By learning modernart, the Impressionists begin to paint in new ways.
C.With the modern artists' help, the Impressionists know how to paint outdoors.
D．Without the Impressionists, maybe we would not see many kinds of modern art styles.
4．Which of the following are the styles of paintings about Modern Art
A．Abstract and realistic.
B．Abstract and natural.
C．Religious and natural.
D．Natural and realistic.
Task 3文本理解：续写佳句
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences using “look like” and “unlike”．(细读短文并找出使用“look like”和“unlike”的句子)
(1)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(3)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Task 4阅读思维升华：主题实践
1.What's your opinion about the works of the Impressionists (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．What is abstract art in your opinion (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．Without art in our daily life, what would our life be like (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
精读课文 疏通理解障碍
[读文清障]
①precise [pr 'sa s] adj.准确的；精确的
precisely [pr 'sa sli] adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此
②give a precise definition
给出准确的定义
③style n．风格；形式
④The Middle Ages中世纪
⑤Christianity [ kr sti' n ti] n．基督教
⑥realistic [ ri 'l st k]
adj.现实的；逼真的
realism ['ri l z m] n．逼真；现实主义；务实作风
realist ['ri l st] n．现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者
⑦primitive ['pr m t v] adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 n．文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品)
⑧two-dimensional
[ tu da 'men nl] adj.二维的
dimension [da 'men n]
n．维；规模；范围
⑨character n．人物
⑩Giotto di Bondone
['d t d b n'd ne] 乔托·迪·邦多纳(意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师)
theme n．主题
in particular尤其；特别
set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
impact n．影响
the Renaissance
[r 'ne sns；NAmE'ren sɑ ns] 文艺复兴(时期)
as a result结果
concentrate on集中注意力于……
adopt vt.采用
humanistic [ hju m 'n st k] adj.人文主义的
humanity [hju 'm n ti] n．人性；人道；(统称)人类
an attitude to/towards
对……的态度
(21)breakthrough ['bre kθru ] n．重大进展；突破
(22)perspective n．透视法
(23)Masaccio [m 'sɑ t ] 马萨乔(意大利现实主义画家)
(24)influential [ nflu'en l] adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
(25)Leonardo da Vinci
[ li 'nɑ d d 'v nt ] 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(意大利艺术家、学者、发明家)
(26)Michelangelo
[ ma k l' nd l ] 米开朗琪罗(意大利雕塑家、画家、建筑师、诗人)
(27)Raphael ['r fe l] 拉斐尔(意大利画家)
(28)innovation n．创新
(29)Rembrandt ['rembr nt] 伦勃朗(荷兰画家)
(30)reputation [ repju'te n] n．名誉；名声
gain/earn/win a reputation赢得声誉
(31)emphasis n．重点
(32)shift from...to...从……转移到……
(33)noble ['n bl] n．贵族成员；出身高贵的人 adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的
(34)rank [r k] n．地位；级别；行列 vt.&vi.把……分等级；使排成行
(35)purchase ['p t s] vt.购买；采购 n．购买；购买的东西
(36)mythology [m 'θ l d i] n．神话；虚幻的想法
(37)client ['kla nt] n．委托人；当事人；客户
(38)Impressionism
[ m'pre n z m] n．印象主义；印象派(绘画风格)
(39)photography [f 't ɡr fi] n．照相术；摄影
(40)preserve vt.保留
(41)hence adv.因此
(42)emerge [ 'm d ] vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露
(43)Claude Monet ['kl d 'm ne ]克劳德·莫奈(法国印象派画家)
(44)sunrise ['s nra z] n．日出
Impression，Sunrise
《日出·印象》(莫奈代表作)
(45)convey [k n've ] vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送
(46)subjective [s b'd ekt v] adj.主观的
objective adj.客观的
(47)detailed adj.详尽的
(48)Renoir ['renwɑ ] 雷诺阿(法国印象派画家)
(49)focus on集中于……
(50)seek v．寻找(sought, sought)
seek advice from向……请教
(51)outer ['a t (r)] adj.外表的；外边的；外围的
(52)as well也
(53)subsequent ['s bs kw nt] adj.随后的；后来的；之后的
(54)Picasso [p 'k s u] 毕加索(西班牙画家、雕塑家)
(55)analyse vt.分析
(56)Cubism ['kju b z m] n．立体主义；立体派
(57)abstract adj.抽象的
[原文呈现]
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
What is Western art It is hard to give a precise① definition②. As there have been so many different styles③ of Western art [1], it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries [2].
[1]此处是as引导的原因状语从句。
[2]此处动词不定式短语to understand Western art在句中作定语，修饰the best way；动词不定式短语“to look at...over the centuries”在句中作表语。
The Middle Ages④(from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity⑤ [3]. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic⑥ scenes. Their works were often primitive⑦ and two-dimensional⑧， and the main characters⑨ were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance [4]. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone⑩ (1267－1337). While his paintings still had religious themes [5], they showed real people in a real environment. In particular ， his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact .
[3]此处是动词不定式短语作表语。
[4]此处是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[5]此处是while引导的让步状语从句， while意为“虽然，尽管”。
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages [6]. As a result ， painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough21 during this period was the use of perspective22 by Masaccio23 (1401－1428). Influential24 painters such as Leonardo da Vinci25 (1452－1519), Michelangelo26 (1475－1564), and Raphael27 (1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations28 to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
[6]此处ones指代上文出现的ideas and values。
Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism [7], some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt29 (1606－1669), who gained a reputation30 as a master of shadow and light.
[7]此处是介词短语作原因状语。
In subject matter, the emphasis31 increasingly shifted from religious themes to32 people and the world around us. Kings, nobles33, and people of high rank34 wanted to purchase35 accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved [8]. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology36[9]. Finally, most clients37 wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at [10].
[8]此处是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词the people。
[9]此处是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词paintings。
[10]此处是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词paintings。
Impressionism38(late 19th to early 20th century)
The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography39 in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve40what people and the world looked like [11]. Hence41, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged42 in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet43 (1840－1926) called Impression，Sunrise44[12]. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey45 the light and movement in the scene—the subjective46 impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed47 record of the scene itself.
[11]此处是what引导的宾语从句，作动词preserve的宾语。
[12]此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词the painting。
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir48 (1841－1919), focused on49 people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought50 to show not just the outer51 image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well52.[13]
[13]本句中“not just...but...as well”意为“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列的名词短语，作动词show的宾语。
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)
After Impressionism, subsequent53 artists began to ask, “What do we do next？” Painters such as Picasso54 (1881－1973) tried to analyse55 the shapes which existed in the natural world [14] but in a new way, with Cubism56. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract57 art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art？”
[14]此处是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the shapes。
[课文翻译]
西方绘画简史
什么是西方艺术？这很难给出一个准确的定义。由于西方艺术的风格千差万别，所以不可能用一篇简短的文章把它们都描述出来。也许了解西方艺术最好的方法就是研究西方绘画在几个世纪里的发展。
中世纪(从5世纪至15世纪)
在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教给人们基督教的相关知识。因此，艺术家对画写实的场景并不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为原始且二维化，主体人物往往被塑造得比其他任何人都大得多，以显示他们的重要性。13世纪，随着乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267－1337)的出现，这种情况开始发生变化。虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但这些作品展示了真实环境中的真实人物。特别是他的绘画作品以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出。
文艺复兴时期(从14世纪至17世纪)
新的观念和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪旧的观念和价值观。因此，画家对宗教题材的关注减少。他们开始对生活抱有人文主义更浓厚的态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(1401－1428)对透视法的使用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出一些欧洲前所未见的最伟大的艺术作品。
另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。一些最好的油画因其色彩深沉和写实，看起来像照片一样。尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606－1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他也获得了“光影大师”的雅称。
在主题上，越来越多的画作重点从宗教主题转移到了我们周围的人和世界。国王、贵族和身份显赫的人都想购买精准展现自己和所爱之人的绘画。其他人则想要展现重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。最终，大多数购买者想要看起来既漂亮又有趣的画作。
印象派(19世纪末至20世纪初)
19世纪中叶摄影技术发明之前，西方艺术发展缓慢。之后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌。因此，画家们不得不找到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。印象派由此在法国兴起。这一新兴运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈(1840－1926)名为《日出·印象》的画作。在这幅作品中，莫奈想表达的是景色的光线和移动，也就是景色给他的主观印象，而不是对景色的详细记录。
当许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活的场景时，其他人，如雷诺阿(1841－1919)，则专注于人。不像那个时期的冷色的黑白照片，雷诺阿的绘画充满了光、影、色彩和生命。他追求展现的不仅是人的外在形象，还有他们内在的温暖和人性。
现代艺术(从20世纪至今)
印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始追问：“我们下一步要做什么？”毕加索(1881－1973)等画家试图用立体主义的新方法分析自然界中存在的各种形状。其他人则赋予他们的画现实又梦幻的特征。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？”。
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.核心词汇
根据语境写出正确的单词
1．________ works 远古的作品
2．make a great ________ 取得重大突破
3．gain a good________ 赢得良好声誉
4．a ________ man 一位高尚的人
5．people of high ________ 身份显赫的人
6．________ contract 购买合同
7．on behalf of a ________ 代表当事人
8．from ________ to sunset 从日出到日落
9．________ one's gratitude to sb.
向某人表达谢意
10．________ impression 主观印象
11．________ effects 视觉效果
12．modern ________ 现代雕塑
13．a fish ________ 一个鱼塘
14．the ________ bridge 拱桥
15．the ________ at the wedding
婚礼上的新娘
16．build a ________ peaceful world
建立一个永久的和平世界
17．a ________ to the heroes
一座英雄纪念碑
18．a ________ person 一个谦虚的人
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．________ [pr 'sa s] adj.准确的；精确的→precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此
2．________ [ ri 'l st k] adj.现实的；逼真的→realism n．逼真；现实主义；务实作风→realist n．现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者
3．________ [ hju m 'n st k] adj.人文主义的→humanity n．人性；人道；(统称)人类
4．________ [ nflu'en l] adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的→influence n．&vt.影响→influenced adj.受影响的
5．________ [f 't ɡr fi] n．照相术；摄影→photograph n．照片；相片 v．拍照；照相
6．________ [ 'm d ] vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露→emergence n．出现，显露
7．________ ['s bs kw nt] adj.随后的；后来的；之后的→subsequently adv.随后地
8．________ ['sk lpt (r)] n．雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术→sculptor n．雕刻家；雕塑家
9．________ [ n'vestm nt] n．投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入→invest v．投资；(把资金)投入；投入(时间、精力等)→investor n．投资者；投资机构
10．________ ['kr t sa z] vi.&vt.批评；指责；评价→criticism n．批评；指责；评论
构词规律
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1．-ism常用于名词或形容词之后构成名词
real adj.→realism n．现实主义
social adj.→________ n．社会主义
Marx n．→________ n．马克思主义
tour n．→________ n．旅游业
2．后缀-al高频形容词
①influence 影响→influential 有很大影响力的；有支配力的
②tradition 传统→traditional 传统的
③globe 全球→global 全球的
④nature 自然→natural 自然的
⑤centre 中心→central 中心的
⑥origin 起源→original 起初的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 尤其；特别
2．________________ 使与众不同；使突出；使
优于……
3．________________ 喜爱；喜欢
4．________________ 结果
5．________________ 集中注意力于……
6．________________ 集中于……
7．________________ 试图做某事
8．________________ 赢得声誉
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．[句型]主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式
[教材]Finally, most clients wanted paintings ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
最后，大多数客户想要既美丽又有趣的画。
2．[句型]不定式短语作表语
[教材]During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art ____________________________ about Christianity.
在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是把基督教教给人们。
3．[句型]not just...but (also)．..不但……而且……
[教材]He sought to show ________________________________________， but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
他努力要表现的不只是绘画题材的外在形象，还有它们内在的温情和人性。
4．[句型]while引导让步状语从句
[教材]_________________________ __________________________________,
they showed real people in a real environment.
虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但这些作品展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
5．[句型]what引导名词性从句
[教材]________________________ was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art？”
他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？”。
Ⅴ.理清复杂句式
1．[教材]Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519), Michelangelo (1475－1564), and Raphael (1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
[分析]
[翻译]一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出一些欧洲前所未见的最伟大的艺术作品。
2．[教材]While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606－1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
[分析]
[翻译]尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606－1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他也获得了“光影大师”的雅称。
Part 2 课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1(教材P2)While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但这些作品展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
◎句型公式：while引导的从句
(1)当while意为“尽管，虽然”时，引导让步状语从句。
(2)当while意为“当……的时候；和……同时”时，引导时间状语从句。
(3)当while意为“只要”时，引导条件状语从句。
(4)当while意为“然而，可是”时，连接两个并列句子，表示对比关系。
[佳句] While travelling can broaden your mind, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱。
[练通]——猜猜加黑词while的含义
①While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.____________
②While working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under the hot sun.____________
③[2022·全国乙卷]The percent of the students who listen to English songs is as high as 65%. 50% of them watch English movies while only 18% read English books.____________
2(教材P2)In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
特别是他的绘画作品以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出。
◎in particular尤其；特别
(1)particular adj. 特定的；特别的；挑剔的
be particular about/over 对……很讲究/挑剔
(2)particularly adv. 特别；尤其
[佳句] As far as I know, this kind of food is rich in nutrition, and it contains a lot of minerals in particular.
据我所知，这种食物营养丰富，特别是含有大量的矿物质。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①He is a very open-minded man, and won't be particular ________ these small things.
②As far as I'm concerned, parents ________ particular should set good examples for children.
[写美]——应用文之推荐信
③[2021·天津卷3月满分作文]作为一个特别喜欢旅游的中国人，我想介绍我最喜欢的城市——北京。
As a Chinese ______________________________________， I would like to introduce my favourite city—Beijing.
◎set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
set about doing sth. 开始做某事
set aside 留出；把……置于一旁
set down 写下；记下
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
[佳句] His ability to solve difficult problems logically sets him apart from others.
他从逻辑上解决难题的能力使他与众不同。
[练通]——单句语法填空
④I don't want to set ________ a series of facts in a diary as most people do.
⑤TheVoiceofChina has set ________ a stage where some people can achieve their dreams.
⑥I strongly recommend you to set ________ at least ten minutes to read English loudly every day.
[写美]——一句多译
[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写]他在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他们清理残局，扔掉烤焦了的面包片。
⑦He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then ________________________ clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast.
⑧He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then ________________________ clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast.
3(教材P2)Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519), Michelangelo(1475－1564), and Raphael (1483－1520), built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
◎influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
influence n．&vt. 影响
be influenced by... 被……所影响
have an influence/effect/impact on/upon...
对……有影响
under one's influence 在某人的影响下
[佳句] As is known to us, Qi Baishi was one of the most influential artists in the history of Chinese painting.
众所周知，齐白石是中国绘画史上最有影响力的艺术家之一。(应用文之人物介绍)
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Chaplin was not just a genius, but he was among the most ________ (influence) figures in film history.
②My physics teacher was my role model, who greatly ________ (influence) me.
＝My physics teacher was my role model, who had a great influence ________ me.
[写美]——应用文之人物描写
③[2020·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文]在我的物理老师的影响下，我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说，我的物理老师是我的榜样，他对我的影响极大。因此，他是我最尊敬的人。
________________________________________， I have grown increasingly interested in physics. In other words, my physics teacher is my role model, ________________________________________________. So he is the person I respect most.
4(教材P2)While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606－1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606－1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他也获得了“光影大师”的雅称。
◎reputation n．名誉；名声
have a good reputation for 以……闻名
have a bad/good reputation 坏/好名声
live up to one's reputation 不负盛名
earn a reputation as... 作为……赢得荣誉
[佳句] It was because of his knowledge and contribution to China that Confucius enjoyed a great reputation.
正是因为他的学识和对中国的贡献，孔子才享有盛誉。
[写美]——应用文佳句
①位于长江中游的三峡大坝以其令人惊叹的风景而闻名。(应用文之地点介绍)
Located in the middle of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Dam ________________________________________．
②毫无疑问，北京是一座名副其实的中国古都。(应用文之地点介绍)
There is no doubt that Beijing ________________________ a famous ancient capital of China.
5(教材P2)Kings，nobles，and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.
国王、贵族和身份显赫的人都想购买精准展现自己和所爱之人的绘画。
◎rank n．地位；级别；行列 vt.&vi.把……分等级；使排成行
(1)the first rank 一流的
(2)rank...as... 把……评为……
rank high/first 名列前茅/第一
[佳句] The reporter told us that the exhibition would attract people of all ranks.
那位记者告诉我们，这个展览将吸引各阶层人士。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Shandong Province produced 50 million pounds of apples this year, ________ (rank) second in China.
②A study shows that only 1 percent of Americans rank the environment ________ their biggest worry.
[写美]——应用文之祝贺信
③得知你在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖，我写信表示衷心的祝贺。
Learning that ________________________________________________ held last week, I am writing to express my sincere congratulations.
6(教材P3)From this, Impressionism emerged in France.
由此，印象派在法国兴起。
◎emerge vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露
(1)emerge as... 作为……出现
emerge from... 从……出现
(2)emergence n. 出现，显露
[佳句] The moon emerged from behind the clouds at mid-night.子夜时分月亮从云层后露出。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①It has emerged ________ the money was taken by a customer accidentally.
②Our government took some ________ (emerge) measures to fight against the virus.
③The organisation helps provide children around the world with education，health care and ________ (emerge) aid.
7(教材P3)In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
在这幅作品中，莫奈是想表达景色的光线和移动，也就是景色给他的主观印象，而不是对景色的详细记录。
◎convey vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送
convey one's feelings/thanks/wishes to sb.
向某人表达某人的感受/谢意/祝愿
convey...to sb. 向某人表达……
convey sth. from...to...
把某物从……运送到……
[佳句] The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”
这里传达的信息很清楚：“事实胜于雄辩”。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The scholar wrote a letter, ________ (convey) to her children why they should grasp the opportunity to further their education.
②The boss insisted that all the injured ________ (convey) from the spot to the hospital at once.
[写美]——词汇升级
③I'd like to express my thanks to my high school teachers, without whose help I wouldn't have achieved such a big success.
→I'd like to ________________________________ to my high school teachers, without whose help I wouldn't have achieved such a big success.
8(教材P3)What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”
他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？”。
◎句型公式：what引导名词性从句
(1)what引导的名词性从句， what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语；
(2)that也可引导名词性从句，但that在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义。
[佳句] What I want to stress is to raise the public's awareness of protecting the environment.
我想强调的是提高公众的环保意识。(应用文之演讲稿)
[练通]——单句语法填空
①[2022·全国乙卷]Soon，however，they realized ________ they had undertaken.
②My requirement is ________ all the students should gather at the school gate at 7：00 a．m. and then go to the park on foot.
③________ astonished me was that she didn't care about my feelings.
[写美]——句型转换
④As is known to us，smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.
→____________________________ smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.(主语从句)
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Part 1 课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
Task 1
1．D 2.DCAB
Task 2
1．B 2.D 3.D 4.A
Task 3
(1)With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.
(2)After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.
(3)Unlike the cold, black and white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life.
Task 4
1．They focus on the moment of nature, making the moment permanent, but they are too abstract for most of the ordinary people to understand.
2．Abstract art is difficult to understand. To be exact, sometimes abstract art works are empty in content, but at other times, they are full of beauty or emotion in something unrecognizable.
3．Art plays an important part in our life and it makes people enjoy a richer and more colorful life. Without art, our life would be boring, but without life, art would be dead and empty.
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.
1．primitive 2.breakthrough 3.reputation 4.noble 5.rank 6.purchase 7.client 8.sunrise 9.convey 10.subjective 11.visual 12.sculptures 13.pond 14.arched 15.bride 16.permanent 17.memorial 18.humble
Ⅱ.
1．precise 2.realistic 3.humanistic 4.influential 5.photography 6.emerge 7.subsequent 8.sculpture
9．investment 10.criticise
构词规律 1.socialism; Marxism; tourism
Ⅲ.
1．in particular 2.set apart from 3.be fond of 4.as a result
5．concentrate on 6.focus on 7.attempt to do sth.
8．gain a reputation
Ⅳ.
1．that were beautiful and interesting to look at
2．was to teach people
3．not just the outer image of his subjects
4．While his paintings still had religious themes
5．What they attempted to do
Ⅴ.
1．目的状语 定语 2.让步状语 非限制性定语
Part 2 课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1．①尽管；虽然 ②当……的时候 ③然而，可是
2．①about ②in ③who is interested in travelling in particular/who is particularly interested in travelling ④down ⑤up ⑥aside ⑦set out to help them ⑧set about helping them
3．①influential ②influenced; on/upon ③Under my physics teacher's influence; who has a great influence/effect/impact on/upon me
4．①has a good reputation for the amazing scenery ②lives up to its reputation as
5．①ranking ②as ③you ranked first in the English speech competition
6．①that ②emergent ③emergency
7．①conveying ②(should) be conveyed ③convey my appreciation/gratitude
8．①what ②that ③What ④What is known to us is that(共71张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Part 1 课前预习设计
Part 2 课堂提升素养
Part 1 课前预习设计
自读课文 疏通文脉大意
Task 1 文本整体理解：理清文章架构
1.What does the text mainly tell us
A．How religious paintings developed.
B．How oil paintings developed.
C．How Impressionist paintings developed.
D．How Western art developed.
D
2．Match the painting style with each stage.
Para.1 The Middle Ages ________
Para.2 The Renaissance ________
Para.3 Impressionism ________
Para.4 Modern Art ________
A．Subjective. B．Abstract and realistic.
C．More humanistic. D．Religious faith.
D
C
A
B
Task 2 文本细节理解：探寻语篇细节理解
Read the text on Pages 2～3 carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．When did painters concentrate less on religion
A．From the 5th to 15th century.
B．From the 14th to 17th century.
C．From the late 19th to early 20th century.
D．From the 20th century to today.
B
2．Who painted with Cubism
A．Painters in the Middle Ages.
B．Painters in the Renaissance.
C．The Impressionists.
D．Painters of Modern Art.
D
3．What is the relationship between the Impressionists and Modern Art
A．The Impressionists teach the modern artists how to draw things in perspective.
B．By learning modernart, the Impressionists begin to paint in new ways.
C.With the modern artists' help, the Impressionists know how to paint outdoors.
D．Without the Impressionists, maybe we would not see many kinds of modern art styles.
D
4．Which of the following are the styles of paintings about Modern Art
A．Abstract and realistic.
B．Abstract and natural.
C．Religious and natural.
D．Natural and realistic.
A
Task 3 文本理解：续写佳句
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences using “look like” and “unlike”．(细读短文并找出使用“look like”和“unlike”的句子)
(1)_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
(2)_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
(3)_______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.
After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.
Unlike the cold, black and white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life.
Task 4 阅读思维升华：主题实践
1.What's your opinion about the works of the Impressionists (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2．What is abstract art in your opinion (Critical Thinking批判性思维)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3．Without art in our daily life, what would our life be like (Creative Thinking创造性思维)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
They focus on the moment of nature, making the moment permanent, but they are too abstract for most of the ordinary people to understand.
Abstract art is difficult to understand. To be exact, sometimes abstract art works are empty in content, but at other times, they are full of beauty or emotion in something unrecognizable.
Art plays an important part in our life and it makes people enjoy a richer and more colorful life. Without art, our life would be boring, but without life, art would be dead and empty.
精读课文 疏通理解障碍
[读文清障]
①precise [pr 'sa s] adj.准确的；精确的
precisely [pr 'sa sli] adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此
②give a precise definition
给出准确的定义
③style n．风格；形式
④The Middle Ages中世纪
⑤Christianity [ kr sti' n ti] n．基督教
⑥realistic [ ri 'l st k]
adj.现实的；逼真的
realism ['ri l z m] n．逼真；现实主义；务实作风
realist ['ri l st] n．现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者
⑦primitive ['pr m t v] adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 n．文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品)
⑧two-dimensional
[ tu da 'men nl] adj.二维的
dimension [da 'men n]
n．维；规模；范围
⑨character n．人物
⑩Giotto di Bondone
['d t d b n'd ne] 乔托·迪·邦多纳(意大利画家、雕刻家、建筑师)
theme n．主题
in particular尤其；特别
set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
impact n．影响
the Renaissance
[r 'ne sns；NAmE 'ren sɑ ns] 文艺复兴(时期)
as a result结果
concentrate on集中注意力于……
adopt vt.采用
humanistic [ hju m 'n st k] adj.人文主义的
humanity [hju 'm n ti] n．人性；人道；(统称)人类
an attitude to/towards
对……的态度
(21)breakthrough ['bre kθru ] n．重大进展；突破
(22)perspective n．透视法
(23)Masaccio [m 'sɑ t ] 马萨乔(意大利现实主义画家)
(24)influential [ nflu'en l] adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
(25)Leonardo da Vinci
[ li 'nɑ d d 'v nt ] 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(意大利艺术家、学者、发明家)
(26)Michelangelo
[ ma k l' nd l ] 米开朗琪罗(意大利雕塑家、画家、建筑师、诗人)
(27)Raphael ['r fe l] 拉斐尔(意大利画家)
(28)innovation n．创新
(29)Rembrandt ['rembr nt] 伦勃朗(荷兰画家)
(30)reputation [ repju'te n] n．名誉；名声
gain/earn/win a reputation赢得声誉
(31)emphasis n．重点
(32)shift from...to...从……转移到……
(33)noble ['n bl] n．贵族成员；出身高贵的人 adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的
(34)rank [r k] n．地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
(35)purchase ['p t s] vt.购买；采购 n．购买；购买的东西
(36)mythology [m 'θ l d i] n．神话；虚幻的想法
(37)client ['kla nt] n．委托人；当事人；客户
(38)Impressionism
[ m'pre n z m] n．印象主义；印象派(绘画风格)
(39)photography [f 't ɡr fi] n．照相术；摄影
(40)preserve vt.保留
(41)hence adv.因此
(42)emerge [ 'm d ] vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露
(43)Claude Monet ['kl d 'm ne ]克劳德·莫奈(法国印象派画家)
(44)sunrise ['s nra z] n．日出
Impression，Sunrise
《日出·印象》(莫奈代表作)
(45)convey [k n've ] vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送
(46)subjective [s b'd ekt v] adj.主观的
objective adj.客观的
(47)detailed adj.详尽的
(48)Renoir ['renwɑ ] 雷诺阿(法国印象派画家)
(49)focus on集中于……
(50)seek v．寻找(sought, sought)
seek advice from向……请教
(51)outer ['a t (r)] adj.外表的；外边的；外围的
(52)as well也
(53)subsequent ['s bs kw nt] adj.随后的；后来的；之后的
(54)Picasso [p 'k s u] 毕加索(西班牙画家、雕塑家)
(55)analyse vt.分析
(56)Cubism ['kju b z m] n．立体主义；立体派
(57)abstract adj.抽象的
[原文呈现]
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
What is Western art It is hard to give a precise① definition②. As there have been so many different styles③ of Western art [1], it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries [2].
[1]此处是as引导的原因状语从句。
[2]此处动词不定式短语to understand Western art在句中作定语，修饰the best way；动词不定式短语“to look at...over the centuries”在句中作表语。
The Middle Ages④ (from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity⑤ [3]. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic⑥ scenes. Their works were often primitive⑦ and two-dimensional⑧， and the main characters⑨ were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance [4]. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone⑩ (1267－1337). While his paintings still had religious themes [5], they showed real people in a real environment. In particular ， his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact .
[3]此处是动词不定式短语作表语。
[4]此处是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[5]此处是while引导的让步状语从句， while意为“虽然，尽管”。
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages [6]. As a result ， painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough21 during this period was the use of perspective22 by Masaccio23 (1401－1428). Influential24 painters such as Leonardo da Vinci25 (1452－1519), Michelangelo26 (1475－1564), and Raphael27 (1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations28 to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
[6]此处ones指代上文出现的ideas and values。
Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism [7], some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt29 (1606－1669), who gained a reputation30 as a master of shadow and light.
[7]此处是介词短语作原因状语。
In subject matter, the emphasis31 increasingly shifted from religious themes to32 people and the world around us. Kings, nobles33, and people of high rank34 wanted to purchase35 accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved [8]. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology36[9]. Finally, most clients37 wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at [10].
[8]此处是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词the people。
[9]此处是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词paintings。
[10]此处是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词paintings。
Impressionism38 (late 19th to early 20th century)
The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography39 in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve40 what people and the world looked like [11]. Hence41, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged42 in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet43 (1840－1926) called Impression，Sunrise44[12]. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey45 the light and movement in the scene—the subjective46 impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed47 record of the scene itself.
[11]此处是what引导的宾语从句，作动词preserve的宾语。
[12]此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词the painting。
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir48 (1841－1919), focused on49 people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought50 to show not just the outer51 image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well52.[13]
[13]本句中“not just...but...as well”意为“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列的名词短语，作动词show的宾语。
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)
After Impressionism, subsequent53 artists began to ask, “What do we do next？” Painters such as Picasso54 (1881－1973) tried to analyse55 the shapes which existed in the natural world [14] but in a new way, with Cubism56. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract57 art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art？”
[14]此处是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the shapes。
[课文翻译]
西方绘画简史
什么是西方艺术？这很难给出一个准确的定义。由于西方艺术的风格千差万别，所以不可能用一篇简短的文章把它们都描述出来。也许了解西方艺术最好的方法就是研究西方绘画在几个世纪里的发展。
中世纪(从5世纪至15世纪)
在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教给人们基督教的相关知识。因此，艺术家对画写实的场景并不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为原始且二维化，主体人物往往被塑造得比其他任何人都大得多，以显示他们的重要性。13世纪，随着乔托·迪·邦多纳(1267－1337)的出现，这种情况开始发生变化。虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但这些作品展示了真实环境中的真实人物。特别是他的绘画作品以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出。
文艺复兴时期(从14世纪至17世纪)
新的观念和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪旧的观念和价值观。因此，画家对宗教题材的关注减少。他们开始对生活抱有人文主义更浓厚的态度。这一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(1401－1428)对透视法的使用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出一些欧洲前所未见的最伟大的艺术作品。
另一个创新是油画颜料的使用。一些最好的油画因其色彩深沉和写实，看起来像照片一样。尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606－1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他也获得了“光影大师”的雅称。
在主题上，越来越多的画作重点从宗教主题转移到了我们周围的人和世界。国王、贵族和身份显赫的人都想购买精准展现自己和所爱之人的绘画。其他人则想要展现重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。最终，大多数购买者想要看起来既漂亮又有趣的画作。
印象派(19世纪末至20世纪初)
19世纪中叶摄影技术发明之前，西方艺术发展缓慢。之后，人们不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌。因此，画家们不得不找到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。印象派由此在法国兴起。这一新兴运动的名字来自克劳德·莫奈(1840－1926)名为《日出·印象》的画作。在这幅作品中，莫奈想表达的是景色的光线和移动，也就是景色给他的主观印象，而不是对景色的详细记录。
当许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活的场景时，其他人，如雷诺阿(1841－1919)，则专注于人。不像那个时期的冷色的黑白照片，雷诺阿的绘画充满了光、影、色彩和生命。他追求展现的不仅是人的外在形象，还有他们内在的温暖和人性。
现代艺术(从20世纪至今)
印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始追问：“我们下一步要做什么？”毕加索(1881－1973)等画家试图用立体主义的新方法分析自然界中存在的各种形状。其他人则赋予他们的画现实又梦幻的特征。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？”。
自查语基 落实基本知能
Ⅰ.核心词汇
根据语境写出正确的单词
1．________ works 远古的作品
2．make a great ________ 取得重大突破
3．gain a good________ 赢得良好声誉
4．a ________ man 一位高尚的人
5．people of high ________ 身份显赫的人
6．________ contract 购买合同
7．on behalf of a ________ 代表当事人
8．from ________ to sunset 从日出到日落
primitive
breakthrough
reputation
noble
rank
purchase
client
sunrise
9．________ one's gratitude to sb. 向某人表达谢意
10．________ impression 主观印象
11．________ effects 视觉效果
12．modern ________ 现代雕塑
13．a fish ________ 一个鱼塘
14．the ________ bridge 拱桥
15．the ________ at the wedding 婚礼上的新娘
16．build a ________ peaceful world 建立一个永久的和平世界
17．a ________ to the heroes 一座英雄纪念碑
18．a ________ person 一个谦虚的人
convey
subjective
visual
sculptures
pond
arched
bride
permanent
memorial
humble
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据提示写出相应的单词
1．________ [pr 'sa s] adj.准确的；精确的→precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此
2．________ [ ri 'l st k] adj.现实的；逼真的→realism n．逼真；现实主义；务实作风→realist n．现实主义画家(或作家等)；现实主义者
3．________ [ hju m 'n st k] adj.人文主义的→humanity n．人性；人道；(统称)人类
4．________ [ nflu'en l] adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的→influence n．& vt.影响→influenced adj.受影响的
5．________ [f 't ɡr fi] n．照相术；摄影→photograph n．照片；相片 v．拍照；照相
precise
realistic
humanistic
influential
photography
6．________ [ 'm d ] vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露→emergence n．出现，显露
7．________ ['s bs kw nt] adj.随后的；后来的；之后的→subsequently adv.随后地
8．________ ['sk lpt (r)] n．雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术→sculptor n．雕刻家；雕塑家
9．________ [ n'vestm nt] n．投资额；投资；(时间、精力的)投入→invest v．投资；(把资金)投入；投入(时间、精力等)→investor n．投资者；投资机构
10．________ ['kr t sa z] vi.& vt.批评；指责；评价→criticism n．批评；指责；评论
emerge
subsequent
sculpture
investment
criticise
构词规律
根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词
1．-ism常用于名词或形容词之后构成名词
real adj.→realism n．现实主义
social adj.→________ n．社会主义
Marx n．→________ n．马克思主义
tour n．→________ n．旅游业
socialism
Marxism
tourism
2．后缀-al高频形容词
①influence 影响→influential 有很大影响力的；有支配力的
②tradition 传统→traditional 传统的
③globe 全球→global 全球的
④nature 自然→natural 自然的
⑤centre 中心→central 中心的
⑥origin 起源→original 起初的
Ⅲ.重点短语
1．________________ 尤其；特别
2．________________ 使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
3．________________ 喜爱；喜欢
4．________________ 结果
5．________________ 集中注意力于……
6．________________ 集中于……
7．________________ 试图做某事
8．________________ 赢得声誉
in particular
set apart from
be fond of
as a result
concentrate on
focus on
attempt to do sth.
gain a reputation
Ⅳ.重点句型
1．[句型]主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式
[教材]Finally, most clients wanted paintings __________________
_________________.
最后，大多数客户想要既美丽又有趣的画。
2．[句型]不定式短语作表语
[教材]During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art ________________ about Christianity.
在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是把基督教教给人们。
that were beautiful and
interesting to look at
was to teach people
3．[句型]not just...but (also)．..不但……而且……
[教材]He sought to show _____________________________， but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
他努力要表现的不只是绘画题材的外在形象，还有它们内在的温情和人性。
4．[句型]while引导让步状语从句
[教材]__________________________________, they showed real people in a real environment.
虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但这些作品展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
not just the outer image of his subjects
While his paintings still had religious themes
5．[句型]what引导名词性从句
[教材]_____________________ was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art？”
他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？”。
What they attempted to do
Ⅴ.理清复杂句式
1．[教材]Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519), Michelangelo (1475－1564), and Raphael (1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
[分析]
目的状语
定语
[翻译]
一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出一些欧洲前所未见的最伟大的艺术作品。
2．[教材]While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606－1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
[分析]
让步状语
非限制性定语
[翻译]
尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606－1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他也获得了“光影大师”的雅称。
Part 2 课堂提升素养
探究新知 发展语言知识
1(教材P2)While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但这些作品展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
◎句型公式：while引导的从句
(1)当while意为“尽管，虽然”时，引导让步状语从句。
(2)当while意为“当……的时候；和……同时”时，引导时间状语从句。
(3)当while意为“只要”时，引导条件状语从句。
(4)当while意为“然而，可是”时，连接两个并列句子，表示对比关系。
[佳句] While travelling can broaden your mind, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱。
[练通]——猜猜加黑词while的含义
①While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.____________
②While working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under the hot sun.____________
③[2022·全国乙卷]The percent of the students who listen to English songs is as high as 65%. 50% of them watch English movies while only 18% read English books.____________
尽管；虽然
当……的时候
然而，可是
2(教材P2)In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
特别是他的绘画作品以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出。
◎in particular尤其；特别
(1)particular adj. 特定的；特别的；挑剔的
be particular about/over 对……很讲究/挑剔
(2)particularly adv. 特别；尤其
[佳句] As far as I know, this kind of food is rich in nutrition, and it contains a lot of minerals in particular.
据我所知，这种食物营养丰富，特别是含有大量的矿物质。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①He is a very open-minded man, and won't be particular ________ these small things.
②As far as I'm concerned, parents ________ particular should set good examples for children.
[写美]——应用文之推荐信
③[2021·天津卷3月满分作文]作为一个特别喜欢旅游的中国人，我想介绍我最喜欢的城市——北京。
As a Chinese ______________________________________________
__________________， I would like to introduce my favourite city—Beijing.
about
in
who is interested in travelling in particular/who is particularly
interested in travelling
◎set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
set about doing sth. 开始做某事
set aside 留出；把……置于一旁
set down 写下；记下
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
[佳句]
His ability to solve difficult problems logically sets him apart from others.
他从逻辑上解决难题的能力使他与众不同。
[练通]——单句语法填空
④I don't want to set ________ a series of facts in a diary as most people do.
⑤The Voice of China has set ________ a stage where some people can achieve their dreams.
⑥I strongly recommend you to set ________ at least ten minutes to read English loudly every day.
down
up
aside
[写美]——一句多译
[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ读后续写]他在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他们清理残局，扔掉烤焦了的面包片。
⑦He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then _______________ clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast.
⑧He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then ________________ clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast.
set out to help them
set about helping them
3(教材P2)Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519), Michelangelo(1475－1564), and Raphael (1483－1520), built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗琪罗(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创造出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
◎influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的
influence n．& vt. 影响
be influenced by... 被……所影响
have an influence/effect/impact on/upon...
对……有影响
under one's influence 在某人的影响下
[佳句] As is known to us, Qi Baishi was one of the most influential artists in the history of Chinese painting.
众所周知，齐白石是中国绘画史上最有影响力的艺术家之一。(应用文之人物介绍)
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Chaplin was not just a genius, but he was among the most ________ (influence) figures in film history.
②My physics teacher was my role model, who greatly ________ (influence) me.
＝My physics teacher was my role model, who had a great influence ________ me.
influential
influenced
on/upon
[写美]——应用文之人物描写
③[2020·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文]在我的物理老师的影响下，我对物理越来越感兴趣。换句话说，我的物理老师是我的榜样，他对我的影响极大。因此，他是我最尊敬的人。
___________________________， I have grown increasingly interested in physics. In other words, my physics teacher is my role model, _____________________________________. So he is the person I respect most.
Under my physics teacher's influence
who has a great influence/effect/impact on/upon me
4(教材P2)While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606－1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606－1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他也获得了“光影大师”的雅称。
◎reputation n．名誉；名声
have a good reputation for 以……闻名
have a bad/good reputation 坏/好名声
live up to one's reputation 不负盛名
earn a reputation as... 作为……赢得荣誉
[佳句] It was because of his knowledge and contribution to China that Confucius enjoyed a great reputation.
正是因为他的学识和对中国的贡献，孔子才享有盛誉。
[写美]——应用文佳句
①位于长江中游的三峡大坝以其令人惊叹的风景而闻名。(应用文之地点介绍)
Located in the middle of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Dam _________________________________．
②毫无疑问，北京是一座名副其实的中国古都。(应用文之地点介绍)
There is no doubt that Beijing ____________________ a famous ancient capital of China.
has a good reputation for the amazing scenery
lives up to its reputation as
5(教材P2)Kings，nobles，and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.
国王、贵族和身份显赫的人都想购买精准展现自己和所爱之人的绘画。
◎rank n．地位；级别；行列 vt.& vi.把……分等级；使排成行
(1)the first rank 一流的
(2)rank...as... 把……评为……
rank high/first 名列前茅/第一
[佳句]
The reporter told us that the exhibition would attract people of all ranks.
那位记者告诉我们，这个展览将吸引各阶层人士。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Shandong Province produced 50 million pounds of apples this year, ________ (rank) second in China.
②A study shows that only 1 percent of Americans rank the environment ________ their biggest worry.
[写美]——应用文之祝贺信
③得知你在上周举行的英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖，我写信表示衷心的祝贺。
Learning that ___________________________________ held last week, I am writing to express my sincere congratulations.
ranking
as
you ranked first in the English speech competition
6(教材P3)From this, Impressionism emerged in France.
由此，印象派在法国兴起。
◎emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露
(1)emerge as... 作为……出现
emerge from... 从……出现
(2)emergence n. 出现，显露
[佳句] The moon emerged from behind the clouds at mid-night.子夜时分月亮从云层后露出。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①It has emerged _____ the money was taken by a customer accidentally.
②Our government took some ________ (emerge) measures to fight against the virus.
③The organisation helps provide children around the world with education，health care and ________ (emerge) aid.
that
emergent
emergency
7(教材P3)In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
在这幅作品中，莫奈是想表达景色的光线和移动，也就是景色给他的主观印象，而不是对景色的详细记录。
◎convey vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送
convey one's feelings/thanks/wishes to sb.
向某人表达某人的感受/谢意/祝愿
convey...to sb. 向某人表达……
convey sth. from...to... 把某物从……运送到……
[佳句] The message conveyed here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”
这里传达的信息很清楚：“事实胜于雄辩”。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The scholar wrote a letter, ________ (convey) to her children why they should grasp the opportunity to further their education.
②The boss insisted that all the injured ________________ (convey) from the spot to the hospital at once.
[写美]——词汇升级
③I'd like to express my thanks to my high school teachers, without whose help I wouldn't have achieved such a big success.
→I'd like to __________________________ to my high school teachers, without whose help I wouldn't have achieved such a big success.
conveying
(should) be conveyed
convey my appreciation/gratitude
8(教材P3)What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”
他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？”。
◎句型公式：what引导名词性从句
(1)what引导的名词性从句， what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语；
(2)that也可引导名词性从句，但that在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义。
[佳句] What I want to stress is to raise the public's awareness of protecting the environment.
我想强调的是提高公众的环保意识。(应用文之演讲稿)
[练通]——单句语法填空
①[2022·全国乙卷]Soon，however，they realized ________ they had undertaken.
②My requirement is ________ all the students should gather at the school gate at 7：00 a．m. and then go to the park on foot.
③________ astonished me was that she didn't care about my feelings.
[写美]——句型转换
④As is known to us，smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.
→______________________ smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.(主语从句)
what
that
What
What is known to us is that
