北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 Relationships Reading and Thinking课时作业(四)　（含答案）

课时作业(四)　UNIT 2　Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
　课时跟踪检测
?维度1　单词拼写
1．He has a ________ (消极的) attitude towards study in senior high school and his headteacher tries to persuade him to be buried in studying.
2．Little John hardly got anything in ________ (报答) for his kind act, which made him unhappy.
3．As is known to all, emotional or mental problems can arise from a ________ (身体的) cause.
4．The boy believes these Apps ________ (促进) his learning and deserve recommending.
5．Parents should strike a balance between ________ (约束) and love, letting their children try something themselves.
6．The problem of drug ________ (滥用) should be paid more attention to.
7．Jack has often been criticised for an extremely ________ (悲观的) view of life.
8．He says that little children shouldn't drink something containing ________ (酒精).
?维度2　单句语法填空
1．[2022·浙江1月卷]One day, while ________ (drive) near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost.
2．I guarantee you that if you take exercise on a regular basis, you can keep ________ (physical) healthy.
3．The sales representative was fond of the book and decided ________ buying it straight away.
4．Whenever some troublesome problems emerged, you could rely ________ me to give you a hand.
5．What he is worried about is not your physical health ________ your mental health.
6．________ time went by, he got used to living with his host family and felt at home.
7．Generally speaking, parents don't permit their kids to do dangerous things, and thus prevent them from ________ (take) a chance.
8．I am more than delighted to introduce the ________ (reward) and important coming of age ceremony to you.
9．In his opinion, he should have the new system ________ (examine) as soon as possible.
10．Whenever a young child is frightened or ________ (disturb), it typically rushes to his mother first.
?维度3　单句写作(应用文之建议信)
1．作为对我们学校创办艺术展览决定的回应，我愿意分享我的观点。
________________________________________________________________________
to set up an art exhibition.
2．首先，有许多学生对绘画感兴趣。(过去分词短语作定语)
First of all, ______________________________________________________________.
3．如果给他们一个展示自己画作的机会，他们一定会给我们一个大大的惊喜。(状语从句的省略)
________________________ to display their own paintings, they are bound to give us a big surprise.
4．另外，通过这次有意义的活动，我们可以相信其他同学能欣赏艺术作品，并能增长他们的知识。(rely on it that...)
Besides, through the rewarding activity, we can ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
5．最后但同样重要的是，我强烈建议提供优等画作的学生应该被奖励一些奖品。(reward sb. with sth.)
Last but not least, I strongly suggest that the students who offer excellent paintings ________________________．
?维度4　课文语法填空
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them 1.________ (form) bad habits. These bad habits, if 2.________ (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 3.________ (change) bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. The good news is that we can change our bad habits, if we understand 4.________ habits work. To facilitate 5.________ positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by 6.________ (combine) the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. We can also use the habit cycle 7.________ (create) good habits. Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, 8.________ over a period of time. To reach the goal of change, a person must 9.________ (repeat) take many small steps. Young people have the power 10.________ (build) a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
　主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2023·福州四校联盟高二期末]
The Ultimate Guide for an Amazing Family Trip
Wondering how to take your kids on a special weekend trip while also giving yourself a relaxing time Come to Universal Beijing Resort to immerse yourself in this world of movies!
How to get to Universal Beijing Resort
If you are taking the subway, Universal Beijing Resort is the final stop of the Batong Line and Line 7. The park is equipped with nearly 10000 regular parking spaces, so driving is another quick and convenient option.
Must Bring Checklist
Have these prepared ahead of your trip so that you could enter the park：
Universal Studios Beijing One Day Dated Ticket
Valid ID Card/Pre uploaded photo validation information through after buying ticket message link or Universal Beijing Resort Official App
Face masks
Register for the green health QR code on the visitation date
Safety Reminder
To ensure the health and safety of every guest and team member, please visit the Universal Beijing Resort Official channels before visitation for the latest Safety Guidelines. Universal Beijing Resort will closely monitor the developments of the pandemic situation and adjust the operational schedule in a timely manner.
Family Travel Tips
Universal Beijing Resort offers convenient services for families. Stroller rental services are available near the front gate of the park to make it easier for the whole family to get around.
Rides Minimum height requirement Children under the following height must be accompanied by a guardian
Despicable Me Minion Mayhem 102 cm 102 cm to 122cm
*Guests under 102cm must be seated at designated seats to experience this ride.
Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey 122 cm ——
Flight of the Hippogriff 99 cm 99 cm to 122 cm
Camp Jurassic —— ——
Jurassic Flyers 100 cm 100 cm to 122 cm
Kung Fu Panda Journey of the Dragon Warrior 80 cm 80 cm to 122 cm
Bumblebee Boogle —— Less than 122 cm
Transformers: Battle for the AllSpark 102 cm 102 cm to 122 cm
　　For children's safety, some attractions have height limits. Make sure to pick attractions that are suitable for your child! Here is a list of the attractions mentioned in this guide and the height requirements：
Stay up to date with us
Want to learn more about Universal Beijing Resort Download the Universal Beijing Resort Official App or check out our WeChat/Alibaba Mini Program to get insider tips, keep up with Park news and plan for your trip. Don't forget to also follow our official WeChat account to stay up to date on the latest events and promotions that you don't want to miss!
1．One recommended way to get to Universal Beijing Resort is ________．
A．by bus B．by bike
C．by car D．on foot
2．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．You cannot enter the park without a valid ID card.
B．The resort may close if the pandemic situation worsens.
C．The family can rent strollers through the resort official app.
D．You need the green health QR code one day before visiting.
3．A child of 98cm can choose to ride ________．
A．Harry Porter and the Forbidden Journey
B．Despicable Me Minion Mayhem
C．Flight of the Hippogriff
D．Camp Jurassic
B
Lakshmi grew up in India in the first half of the twentieth century, seeing many people around her who did not get enough food were often sick and died young.
In the 1960s, she was asked to help manage a program to improve nutrition in her country. At that time, most advice on nutrition came from North American and European countries. Nutritionists suggested foods that were common and worked well for people who lived in these nations.
For example, they told poor Indian women to eat more meat and eggs and drink more orange juice. But Lakshmi knew this advice was useless in a country such as India. People there didn't eat such foods. They weren't easy to find. And for the poor, such foods were too expensive.Lakshmi knew that for the program to work, it had to fit Indian culture. So she decided to adjust the nutrition program. She first found out what healthy middle class people in India ate. She took note of the nutrients (营养物) available in those foods. Then she looked for cheap, easy to find foods that would provide the same nutrients.
She created a balanced diet of locally grown fruits, vegetables, and grains. These foods were cheap and could be cooked with simple equipment. Her ideas were thought unusual in the 1960s. For example, she insisted that a diet without meat could provide all major nutrients. Now we know she was right. But it took her continuous efforts to get others to finally accept her diet about 50 years ago. Because of Lakshmi's program, Indian children almost doubled their food intake. And many children who would have been hungry and ill grew healthy and strong.
4．Why did Lakshmi think European nutritionists' advice was useless
A．It worked well for European people.
B．It suggested too many foods for Indians.
C．It was not practical in India that time.
D．It included foods that didn't exist in India.
5．Why did Lakshmi study healthy middle class people's diet
A．To find out nutrients in their food.
B．To learn about Indian culture.
C．To know about their eating habits.
D．To write a report on food nutrients.
6．Why was Lakshmi's balanced diet considered unusual
A．Because people thought those foods were too cheap.
B．Because people thought it should include some meat.
C．Because people thought it provided all major nutrients.
D．Because people thought it enabled kids to grow healthy.
7．What can we infer about Lakshmi
A．She came from a rich family.
B．She disliked middle class people.
C．She worked with European nutritionists.
D．She was a determined person.
C
[2023·烟台市高二期中]Honeybees rely heavily on flower patterns not just colors when searching for food, new research shows.
A team led by the University of Exeter tested bee behaviour and built bee's eye view simulations (模拟装置) to work out how they see flowers.
Honeybees have low resolution vision, so they can only see a flower's pattern clearly when they are within few centimeters. However, the new study shows bees can very effectively distinguish between different flowers by using a combination of colour and pattern.
In a series of tests, bees rarely ignored pattern, suggesting colour alone does not lead them to flowers. This may help to explain why some colours that are visible to bees are rarely produced by flowers in nature.
“We studied a large amount of data on plants and bee behaviour，” said Professor Natalie Hempel, from Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour. “By training and testing bees using man made patterns of shape and colour, we found they relied flexibly on their ability to see both of these elements. Showing how insects see colour and learn colour patterns is important to understand how pollinators (传粉者) may, or may not, create evolutionary ‘pressures’ on the colours and patterns that flowers have evolved (进化). Our findings suggest that flowers don't need to evolve too many different flower colours, because they can use patterns to vary their displays so bees can tell them apart from other flowers.”
One typical feature identified in the study is that the outside edges of flowers usually contrast strongly with the plant's leaves while the centre of the flower does not have such a strong contrast with the leaf colour. This could help bees quickly identify colour differences and find their way to flowers.
While flowers may be beautiful to humans, Professor Hempel stressed that understanding more about bees and the threats they face meant we need to see the world “through the eyes of a bee and the mind of a bee.”
8．What does the new research focus on
A．The source of bees' food supply.
B．The way of bees finding flowers.
C．The effect of bees' poor eyesight.
D．The evolution of bees' behavior.
9．What does Hempel think of flowers trying to evolve more colours
A．It's not a must.
B．It's a pressing need.
C．It's beyond belief.
D．It's a temporary solution.
10．What's Paragraph 6 mainly about
A．An explanation of the research intention.
B．Dramatic changes in the research strategy.
C．Conflict between different research outcomes.
D．Supporting evidence for the research findings.
11．What aspect of research into bees did Hempel highlight
A．Research data.
B．Research methods.
C．Research objects.
D．Research frequency.
D
Some of the recent scientific studies have found that people who receive higher education live longer than those who do not. According to a new study, reading books extends lifespan (寿命) by up to two years, and the more often you read, the better.
Back in 1975, economists concluded that longer lifespan is linked to the wealth of a person, and that wealth itself increases longevity. It seemed self evident: everything people need to be healthy from food to medical care costs money. But soon it was realized that the data didn't always fit that theory. Economic success didn't always mean longer lives. In the 1980s, researchers found gaining higher education is connected with a greater increase in lifespan than gains in wealth.
One fact is of teachers and college professors: they live longer than the rest of the population. The reason is that they engage in research most of their lives for teaching or publishing, which increases their lifespan and most importantly also retards their aging process.
Let's look at what benefits educated people. Educated people get routinely involved in social networks; they get access to information because of their ability to understand information. They can easily navigate the health care system; they have more social support.
Reading helps us understand how other people think and feel. Reading improves our emotional intelligence. This understanding can improve the quality of a person's life as it would allow the person to act with better judgment and have more insight into the feelings and thought patterns of others. Research has shown that reading changes certain areas of the brain and causes certain other parts to be active. This effect can also be observed in adults who learn to read much later in life. Learning has no age bar. Each and every human is born with the right to be educated. So, don't hold back your urge to learn. The goal of education is to improve intelligence as well as the lifespan.
12．What conclusion did economists in 1975 draw
A．People need high quality food to keep healthy.
B．Medical care costs more money than food.
C．Most old people have the habit of reading.
D.Wealthy people tend to live longer.
13．What does the underlined word “retards” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Speeds up. B．Turns back.
C．Slows down. D．Contributes to.
14．What is the advantage of educated people according to Paragraph 4
A．They are more connected to the society.
B．They can set up their own health care system.
C．They learn more about human body and medical care.
D．They are skilled in doing research through social networks.
15．What can we know about reading from the last paragraph
A．It can help people understand humans' brain better.
B．It is beneficial to people's EQ and brain health.
C．It can change a person's lifestyle completely.
D．It is effective against cancer.
Ⅱ.七选五
Green exercise is a term used to describe any type of physical exercise that takes place in a natural environment rather than in a health club or gym. __1__ Instead, it relies on the use of natural means of taking part in activities that improve strength and endurance with as little reliance on equipment as possible.
__2__ For example, some consider a truly natural exercise experience requires that the individual wear clothing only made from natural fibers. Others consider barefoot running or walking with a big arena to be more desirable than running or walking with shoes.
A slightly different approach to green exercise puts more stress on the fresh air, sunshine and involvement with the natural world, rather than the equipment or clothing used during the exercise. __3__ Similarly, climbing a mountain using standard equipment and protective clothing would also be considered a green exercise.
Many consider green exercise helps to reconnect human beings with the natural world. The interaction with nature helps to lower people's blood pressure, refresh their mind, and actually improve their self esteem. __4__
Not everyone believes that the green exercise is more beneficial than working out in a health club or gym. __5__ Meanwhile, the use of fitness devices may result in more challenging workouts which help strengthen the heart and lungs in ways that more simplistic exercise in a natural setting would be difficult to manage.
A．A green gym uses as little equipment as possible.
B．Spirits are also believed to be positively affected.
C．Opinions on what truly green exercise means differ.
D．Green exercise includes a range of activities exposed to nature.
E．So riding a bicycle in the forest can be called a type of green exercise.
F．It usually doesn't use fitness equipment that is normally found in a gym.
G．Some point out that many health clubs are built to make full use of natural light.
课时作业(四)
层级一　课时跟踪检测
维度1
1．negative　2.reward　3.physical　4.facilitate　5.discipline
6．abuse　7.pessimistic　8.alcohol
维度2
1．driving　2.physically　3.on　4.on/upon　5.but　6.As　7.taking　8.rewarding　9.examined　10.disturbed
维度3
1．I am willing to share my opinions in response to our school's decision
2．there are many students interested in painting
3．If given an opportunity
4．rely on it that other students can admire the artistic works and expand their knowledge
5．(should) be rewarded with some prizes
维度4
1．to form　2.left　3.To change　4.how　5.a　6.combining
7．to create　8.but　9.repeatedly　10.to build
层级二　主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。主要介绍了周末带孩子进行家庭之旅的相关信息。
1．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。文章“How to get to Universal Beijing Resort”这一段中最后一句“The park is equipped with nearly 10000 regular parking spaces, so driving is another quick and convenient option.”可知，前往北京环球度假酒店的一个推荐方式是开车。因为开车非常方便。
2．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据“Safety Reminder”这一段中的内容“Universal Beijing Resort will closely monitor the developments of the pandemic situation and adjust the operational schedule in a timely manner.”可知，如果疫情恶化，度假村可能会关闭。
3．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据表格中的数据，选项A的最低身高要求是122 cm，不符合；选项B对孩子的要求是102 cm到122 cm之间，也不符合题干；选项C是99 cm到122 cm之间，也不符合；选项D “Camp Jurassic”对身高没有要求，故身高98厘米的儿童可选择第四种。
B
【语篇解读】　拉克希米负责一个改善印度人饮食营养的项目，她没有照搬西方人的建议，而是调整了她的营养计划，来适应印度人的实际情况。经过不断的努力，她的做法逐步被人们接受并被认为是正确的。
4．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But Lakshmi knew this advice was useless...too expensive.”可知，欧洲营养学家的建议在当时的印度是不合实际的。
5．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then she looked for cheap, easy to find foods that would provide the same nutrients.”可知，拉克希米之所以研究印度健康的中产阶级饮食，是为了发现便宜的、易找到的且能提供相同营养的食品。
6．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For example, she insisted that a diet without meat could provide all major nutrients. Now we know she was right.”可知，拉克希米经过研究发现，不含肉的饮食也能提供所有主要的营养。当时这个观点不为人所接受，但现在证明她是正确的。
7．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But it took her continuous efforts to get others to finally accept her diet about 50 years ago.”可知，拉克希米是一个意志坚定的人。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍最新研究发现，蜜蜂在寻找食物时，不单是靠颜色，而且严重依赖花朵的图案来寻找花朵。
8．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“A team led by the University of Exeter tested bee behaviour and built bee's eye view simulations (模拟装置) to work out how they see flowers.”可知，新的研究专注蜜蜂看花、找花的方式。
9．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第五段中Hempel的话“Our findings suggest that flowers don't need to evolve too many different flower colours, because they can use patterns to vary their displays so bees can tell them apart from other flowers.”可知，亨佩尔认为花朵并不是必须进化出更多颜色。
10．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第五段“Our findings suggest that flowers don't need to evolve too many different flower colours, because they can use patterns to vary their displays so bees can tell them apart from other flowers.”可知，研究发现蜜蜂通过图案来找到花朵。第六段“One typical feature identified in the study is that the outside edges of flowers usually contrast strongly with the plant's leaves while the centre of the flower does not have such a strong contrast with the leaf colour. This could help bees quickly identify colour differences and find their way to flowers.”主要说明了花是如何通过颜色对比来形成图案，以便于蜜蜂识别并找到它们的，所以第六段是支持研究结论的证据。
11．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第五段中Hempel的话“We studied a large amount of data on plants and bee behaviour，”可知，对于蜜蜂的研究，Hempel强调了研究的数据。
D
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的一些科学研究发现，接受高等教育的人比没接受高等教育的人活得更长。
12．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Back in 1975, economists concluded that longer lifespan is linked to the wealth of a person, and that wealth itself increases longevity.”可知，1975年经济学家们的结论是：财富能让人长寿。
13．答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第三段“One fact is of teachers and college professors: they live longer than the rest of the population. The reason is that they engage in research most of their lives for teaching or publishing, which increases their life span and most importantly also retards their aging process.”可知，教师和教授比其他人活得更长，教学和出版的研究延长了他们的寿命，由此可知，这些活动也减缓了他们的衰老过程。即画线部分意为 “减缓”，与slows down同义。
14．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Educated people get routinely involved in social networks; they get access to information because of their ability to understand information. They can easily navigate the health care system; they have more social support.”可知，受过高等教育的人的优势是他们与社会联系更紧密。
15．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Reading helps us understand how other people think and feel. Reading improves our emotional intelligence.”和“Research has shown that reading changes certain areas of the brain and causes certain other parts to be active.”可知，阅读有利于人们的情商和大脑健康。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　文章介绍了一种新的运动方式——绿色运动，它与在健身房锻炼相比，更强调与大自然的接触，但其实各有利弊。
1．答案与解析：F　上文介绍绿色运动不同于在健身房锻炼，下文Instead表明空处的意义与下文相反。因此空格处承上启下，应继续说明绿色运动与在健身房运动的不同之处，F项符合语境，且F项中的equipment和gym是原词复现。
2．答案与解析：C　下文中的“some consider a truly natural exercise experience...Others consider...more desirable than running or walking with shoes.”从两个方面举例说明了两种不同的绿色运动方式。因此空格处应说明不同的人对绿色运动的观点不同，C项符合语境。
3．答案与解析：E　下文“Similarly, climbing a mountain...would also be considered a green exercise.”解释了什么样的锻炼会被视为绿色运动。根据Similarly可知，空格处也应介绍绿色运动的类型，E项符合语境。
4．答案与解析：B　上文“The interaction with nature helps...improve their self esteem.”介绍了绿色运动对于身体、头脑和心理健康的好处，B项承接上文，接着说明绿色运动在精神上的积极影响，符合语境。
5．答案与解析：G　上文“Not everyone believes that...working out in a health club or gym.”在介绍另一种观点，指出使用健身器材锻炼也有好处，下文“Meanwhile...to manage.”说明使用健身器材有利于增强心肺功能。因此空格处介绍健身俱乐部或者健身房的优点，G项符合语境。