人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Learning About Language课时作业(十一) （含答案）
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课时作业(十一) UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
课时跟踪检测
?维度1 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．It is the most instructive lecture that I ________ (attend) since I came to this school.
2．The two friends ________ (chat) on the Internet for three hours, and they will go on till next morning.
3．[2021·全国甲卷]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ________ (survive) China's long history.
4．In recent years, social policy ________ (dominate) by cuts in spending.
5．The telephone ________ (ring) in the office all the morning.
6．Lily ________ (consider) going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
7．She ________ (work) in Hong Kong since she graduated from university.
8．I feel very tired now. I ________ (clean) the classroom for three hours.
9．Although many measures ________ (take), the world's economy is still going down.
10．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
?维度2 语法与写作
1．你的衣服满是灰尘， 我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。
Your clothes are covered with dust. You ____________________ just now, I think.
2．这本书我已读了两个小时了， 但我还没读完。
I ____________________ for two hours, but I haven't finished it.
3．因为已经采取了许多有效措施， 环境已经被极大地改善了。
Because many effective measures have been taken, ______________________．
4．这个小男孩从头到脚都很脏， 因为他整个早晨都在泥巴里玩。
The little boy is dirty from head to foot ________________________________．
5．作为理科学生， 我一直在复习属于高考科目的汉语， 数学， 英语， 物理学， 化学和生物学。
As a science student, ________________________________， which all belong to the college entrance examination subjects.
6．我已经学英语10年了， 我有一口流利的英语。因此， 我有资格成为您的翻译。
________________________________ and I speak English fluently. So I am qualified to be your interpreter.
?维度3 用所给动词的适当时态填空
Li Hong 1.________(experience) a terrible earthquake and his home 2.________(destroy) completely in the disaster. Fortunately, he 3.________(rescue) by the rescue workers. Since then he 4.________(live) with his relatives and 5.________(study) in a village school. His teachers 6.________(encourage) him to carry on. He 7.________(improve) greatly in his study. In return for people's help, Li Hong 8.________(volunteer) since then. Next year he 9.________(graduate) from school and he 10.________(intend) to study medicine at university to assist more people.
?维度4 语法填空
After water, tea is the second most consumed drink in the world and 1.________(enjoy) for centuries.Tea production began in China, but soon spread to other parts of Asia.When European explorers came across the satisfying drink on their travels, they caused a demand for tea worldwide that continues to grow in spite of 2.________(compete) from soft drinks and coffee.
There are four main 3.________ (type) of tea：black, white, green and oolong.The difference depends on the processes 4.________ (use) for treating the tea leaves.China and Japan produce the best green tea and India and Sri Lanka are famous 5.________ their black teas.Different regions have their own specialties.For example, mint (薄荷) tea is drunk in North Africa and the Middle East. Earl Grey tea, named after a British prime minister 6.________ lived from 1764 to 1845, is one of 7.________ most popular black tea in the world.
Flowering tea balls are a novelty (新奇) tea, made by 8.________ (proper) sewing the tea leaves and flowers into tight balls.When the ball is placed in hot water, it opens up, 9.________ (show) the lovely flower inside.
Delicious and 10.________ (health), tea deserves its place as the world's most loved drink.Let's lift our glasses and have a toast—to tea!
主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Several years ago, I was on an assignment working in an underpopulated area of the Amazon river basin in South America. This was one of my early experiences of traveling in the area, so I hadn't learned a lot of lessons yet. My destination was only about 16 miles from my duty station. Many locals had suggested that I bike or hike it, but I had a lot of equipment I didn't want to leave behind.
I finally figured out a route where I could hitchhike (搭便车) along a jeep trail for about a total of 30 miles. On the first day, I caught a bus for my first leg of 10 miles. Then I spent two nights camping, waiting for a supply jeep to leave for my second leg. I rode with the supply jeep to within 8 miles of my destination when we had a breakdown. We spent a little over 24 hours making repairs.
Moving slower now with our repaired car, we got within 2 miles of our destination to find that the road had been washed out and rainstorms in the mountains were causing flooding around our destination.
Our jeep was equipped with a snorkel (通气管) to go underwater, but our payload (装载货物) was not waterproof. We searched the area for better places to cross the floodwaters, but nothing looked promising. We started to make camp, but as the waters began to approach, we decided to park the jeep at the highest point and abandon (放弃) it. More rain brought faster rising water, so we made a final decision before things got worse.
Sadly, in the water I slipped from the rocks I was walking on and I lost a bag in which my wallet, flashlight, and watch were kept. I swam until I got on the rocks again and climbed out to the other side. We dressed and marched up into the higher area away from the flood. A kind gentleman in a house, just past the floodwaters, lent us a motorbike and we finished the rest of our journey.
For my return trip, I cheeked out the 16 mile hike. It was easy and scenic with lots of fruit trees and fresh water along the trail. And I learned a lesson from that experience.
1．What do we know about the author before that assignment
A．He loved biking and hiking very much.
B．He lacked the experience of traveling in that area.
C．He considered life in the Amazon river basin easy.
D．He had never worked in an underpopulated area before.
2．What did the author decide to do to reach his destination
A．To find a local as his guide.
B．To leave behind his equipment.
C．To drive all the way there by himself.
D．To get free rides from passing jeeps.
3．What did the two realize when they were within 2 miles of their destination
A．They were lost in the forest.
B．They should repair their car quickly.
C．They had to walk through the water.
D．They should turn to someone for help.
4．What lesson did the author most probably learn from that experience
A．He should never travel alone.
B．He should take risks sometimes.
C．He should travel as the locals do.
D．He should avoid going out on rainy days.
B
Meet Ben Saunders: adventurer, athlete, motivational speaker. Ben, at the age of 23, was the youngest man to ski solo (单人滑雪) to the North Pole. He dragged a 180 kilogramme sledge over 1, 420 miles through the worst Arctic conditions. This year, as well as planning a return to the Arctic, Ben plans to ski solo from the Antarctic coast to the South Pole and back in the autumn, carrying all his supplies on his sledge.
Ben Saunders was fired after persuading the firm to support his disorganized first adventure. “Everything that could go wrong did go wrong. We were attacked by a bear. We started running out of food. It was just desperate. And we didn't get to the Pole, we didn't get there, so we had no media interest. No one heard about it, no book deal, and no speaking. I was so unhappy.”
“People said it was impossible for me to get to the Pole. But I think I can get there, and I did. Self belief, I see it as being a bit like a muscle—it's my belief that the more you stretch yourself the stronger it gets. If you never do anything that's uncomfortable or risky then your self belief gets weaker. So that's one of the lessons I've figured out along the way. The thing that I've stretched and tested is my self belief.” Ben Saunders said.
“My Antarctic adventure is just practicable and that's what is exciting to me. If I knew it was possible, if I knew I could do it without too much bother, I wouldn't be interested. Why Personally I'm attracted by the human performance element to it. Not that long ago, running a marathon was seen as the top point of human attempt, and now I wouldn't be that surprised if my mum said she was going to run one next year.”
“People's horizons are changing. I'm not particularly gifted, and I'm absolutely average. I've just chosen this one goal to achieve and I've been working hard to realize it. That's it. And that's the thing that attracts me: with enough training and enough determination, enough focus and preparation, how far can we go？And I don't think I've found out yet.”
5．What do we know about Ben Saunders' first adventure
A．There was no press coverage.
B．It was supported by his company.
C．It was well planned and organized.
D．He actually reached the North Pole.
6．What should you do if you want to stretch your self belief according to Ben Saunders
A．You should often test your confidence.
B．You should try something adventurous.
C．You should aim to reach the North Pole.
D．You should always stretch your muscles.
7．Why was Ben Saunders excited about his Antarctic adventure
A．Because he liked running a marathon.
B．Because he wanted to exercise his body.
C．Because he knew it might be achievable.
D．Because he was sure he could do it easily.
8．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．We have to change our views about adventure.
B.We can never know our possibilities and energies.
C．We should have a reason for going on an adventure.
D．We have to be especially talented to have an adventure.
Ⅱ.七选五
[2023·福建省三明市高二联考]
ANIMAL BODY LANGUAGE
Human beings are not only ones who communicate. __1__ Here is a quick look at how some of our animal friends send messages to us and to each other.
__2__ When a dog is happy, its ears will stand up and its eyes will be wide open. The dog will start barking, moving its tail, and running around in circles or jumping up and down to show you that it wants to play. A dog that is afraid will lay on its back and close its eyes. The dog may show its teeth and lower its body so that it is close to the ground. The dog may also shake, and it will put its tail between its legs. When a dog is angry, its main body language is showing its teeth and growling (低声叫). The dog will try making itself look as big as possible. The tail will stand straight out from the body.
Elephants also use noises and body language to express themselves. An elephant's sense of smell is highly developed. An elephant can smell how another elephant is feeling and even tell if it is sick. The elephant's nose, or trunk, is also used to make noises and to welcome other elephants. Different noises have a variety of meanings: they can mean “I am hungry”， “I am angry”， or “Good to see you！”__3__ If an elephant spreads its ears, it means “Watch out！” To show friendship, elephants will touch each other with their trunks and stand close to each other, putting their heads together.
Dolphins are social animals. __4__ An angry dolphin will sometimes hit its tail on the surface of the water. The movement and noise let other dolphins know that something is wrong. If a dolphin wants to send a message over a long distance, or if it wants to show how strong it is, it will jump high out of the water and land on its side, making a loud noise. A dolphin's favorite activity is leaping into the air while playing with its friends. When dolphins are tired and need to rest, they will swim in small groups close to the surface. __5__
A．Dogs are human's loyal friends.
B．If you see them doing this, you should not disturb them.
C．An elephant's body language includes ear signals and gestures.
D．They live in groups and love showing each other their feelings.
E．Dogs use sounds, body movements, and their tails to communicate.
F．If an elephant senses its partner is falling sick, it will also make a noise.
G．Animals use body language to tell each other how they feel and what they think.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Back in 2015, I made some powerful comments to graduating students at Utah Valley University. I advised the students to live a __1__ life. We all need to go out and live large, not just when we're young, but throughout our __2__ lives.
However, people often __3__ to live large. Why Because most of the time, they fear their __4__ failure.
I've had a ton of failures, but some of those have led to some huge __5__. Many years ago, I decided to lend a large amount of money using a restaurant as collateral (抵押物). The decision was a big __6__ on my part! I didn't know much about that kind of __7__， and I certainly wouldn't know how to run it. __8__， I lost almost all of what I had loaned.
I learned from it that I shouldn't __9__ what I know best—real estate (房地产). Later, I __10__ that I could do even __11__ by owning the right kind of income producing properties. I also, very successfully, risked the development of warehouses (仓储), where the __12__ were even bigger. Those did come with increased risks, but they were risks I was willing to take because I knew them enough. The success I had in those risks __13__ lessons learned from my failures and my efforts to live large.
Now, living large for you may not be about __14__ in real estate. It will mean different things to different people, but __15__ that the term refers to more than making money.
1．A.great B．simple
C．large D．meaningful
2．A.current B．temporary
C．positive D．entire
3．A.struggle B．decide
C．hesitate D．favor
4．A.potential B．real
C．fake D．dedicated
5．A.disasters B．successes
C．responsibilities D．pressures
6．A.improvement B．mistake
C．life D．responsibility
7．A.business B．question
C．procedure D．process
8．A.Additionally B．Fortunately
C．Therefore D．However
9．A.get rid of B．jump into
C．let alone D．keep away from
10．A.stressed B．complained
C．discovered D．doubted
11．A.nothing B．better
C．enough D．less
12．A.hobbies B．presentations
C．rules D．profits
13．A.resulted in B．came from
C．picked out D．handed out
14．A.investing B．arriving
C．sharing D．lying
15．A.wonder B．admit
C．warn D．remember
课时作业(十一)
层级一 课时跟踪检测
维度1
1．have attended 2.have been chatting 3.has survived
4．has been dominated 5.has been ringing 6.has been considering 7.has been working 8.have been cleaning
9．have been taken 10.have reported
维度2
1．have been cleaning the classroom
2．have been reading this book
3．the environment has been improved a lot
4．because he has been playing in the mud all the morning
5．I've been reviewing Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and biology
6．I have been learning English for ten years
维度3
1．experienced 2.was destroyed 3.was rescued 4.has been living 5.studying 6.have been encouraging 7.has improved 8.has been volunteering 9.will graduate 10.intends
维度4
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文， 主要介绍了世界各地的茶文化。
1．答案与解析：has been enjoyed 由语境及for centuries可知enjoy所表示的动作开始于过去， 并一直持续到现在， 且tea与enjoy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 故填has been enjoyed。
2．答案与解析：competition 此处要表达的是“尽管有来自软饮料和咖啡的竞争”， 故填competition。
3．答案与解析：types 由设空处前的four可知， 设空处应填名词的复数形式， 故填types。
4．答案与解析：used 设空处作processes的后置定语， 因为use与processes之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 且use所表示的动作已完成， 故填used。
5．答案与解析：for be famous for意为“以……而闻名”。
6．答案与解析：who/that 设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰a British prime minister, 且在从句中作主语， 故填who/that。
7．答案与解析：the 形容词最高级前填定冠词the。
8．答案与解析：properly 设空处修饰动词sewing, 故填副词properly。
9．答案与解析：showing 设空处作伴随状语， 因为it与show之间是逻辑上的主谓关系， 且show所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生， 故填showing。
10．答案与解析：healthy 设空处与Delicious并列作主语补足语， 意为“健康的”， 故填healthy。
层级二 主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在亚马孙雨林执行任务途中的经历。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This was one of...learned a lot of lessons yet.”可知， 在那次任务之前， 作者缺少在那里出行的经验。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I finally figured out a route where I could hitchhike along a jeep trail...to leave for my second leg.”可知， 作者决定搭便车前往目的地。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Sadly, in the water I slipped from the rocks I was walking on...and watch were kept.”可知， 作者跟同伴最后决定涉水过去。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Many locals had suggested that I bike or hike it”以及最后一段可知， 作者从那次经历中领悟到自己应该像当地人一样出行。
B
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了英国极地探险家本·桑德斯。
5．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“we didn't get there, so we had no media interest”可知， 在本·桑德斯的第一次北极探险中， 由于他们没有到达北极， 所以没有媒体的报道。
6．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If you never do anything that's uncomfortable or risky then your self belief gets weaker.”可知， 本·桑德斯认为如果你想增强自我信念， 就需要尝试一些有挑战的事情。
7．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“My Antarctic adventure is just practicable and that's what is exciting to me.”可知， 令本·桑德斯感到兴奋的是他的南极探险是可行的、可以实现的。
8．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“with enough training and...I've found out yet”可知， 本·桑德斯认为我们永远不会知道我们能走多远， 即我们不会知道我们的潜能和力量。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述动物的交流方式。
1．答案与解析：G 根据上文“Human beings are not only ones who communicate.”和下文“Here is a quick look at how some of our animal friends send messages to us and to each other.”可知， 中间要提到动物也有它们的交流方式。选项G“动物用肢体语言告诉对方它们感觉如何和它们想的什么。”和上下文意思连贯。
2．答案与解析：E 根据下文“When a dog is happy, its ears will stand up and its eyes will be wide open.”可知， 这一段说明狗的交流方式。故选E。
3．答案与解析：C 根据下文“If an elephant spreads its ears, it means ‘Watch out！’ To show friendship, elephants will touch each other with their trunks and stand close to each other, putting their heads together.”可知， 这里描述大象用耳朵和身体来交流。选项C“大象的肢体语言包括耳朵信号和姿势。”和下文意思一致。
4．答案与解析：D 根据上文“Dolphins are social animals.”可知， 这里描述海豚的生活特点。选项D“它们住在一起， 并且喜欢相互表达它们的情感。”和上文意思一致。
5．答案与解析：B 根据上文“When dolphins are tired and need to rest, they will swim in small groups close to the surface.”可知， 这里提到海豚也会累， 也需要休息。选项B“如果你看到它们这样， 你不应该打扰它们。”和上文意思一致。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己的经历为例子， 鼓励学生不要畏惧失败， 要做到胸怀宽广。
1．答案与解析：C 根据下文中的“We all need to go out and live large”可知， 作者建议学生要胸怀宽广(large)。
2．答案与解析：D 根据语境和上文中的“not just when we're young”可知， 胸怀宽广要贯串在我们整个(entire)生命中。
3．答案与解析：C 根据下文中的“Because most of the time, they fear their __4__ failure.”可知， 人们因为害怕失败， 做事犹犹豫豫(hesitate)。
4．答案与解析：A 根据语境可知， 此处指未知的、潜在的(potential)失败。
5．答案与解析：B 根据上文中的“but some of those have led to some huge”可知， 此处为转折关系， 与失败对应的应是成功， 此处指一些失败带来了成功(success)。
6．答案与解析：B 根据下文中的“I didn't know much about...I lost almost all of what I had loaned.”可知， 作者的决策是一个巨大的错误(mistake)。
7．答案与解析：A 根据下文中的“I certainly wouldn't know...what I had loaned.”及语境可知， 此处指作者对这种生意(business)不了解。
8．答案与解析：C 根据语境可知， 空处前后存在因果关系， 因为不懂行， 所以(therefore)损失惨重。
9．答案与解析：D 根据语境及下文中的“what I know best”可知， 作者不应脱离(keep away from)他最熟悉的领域。
10．答案与解析：C 根据下文中的“owning the right kind of income producing properties...even bigger”可知， 此处指作者发现(discover)有更适合自己的收入来源， 并且在这一领域可以做得更好(better)。
11．答案与解析：B 参见上题解析。
12．答案与解析：D 根据语境和上文中的“I could do even __11__ by owning the right kind of income producing properties.”可知， 相比房地产， 仓储发展利润(profit)更大。
13．答案与解析：B 根据上文中的“I've had a ton of failures, but some of those have led to some huge ________．”可知， 作者的成功来自(come from)从失败中吸取的教训。
14．答案与解析：A 根据上下文语境可知， 此处指投资(invest)房地产。
15．答案与解析：D 根据语境可知， living large对每个人有不同的含义， 但作者希望读者能够记住(remember)它不仅仅指赚钱。
课时跟踪检测
?维度1 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．It is the most instructive lecture that I ________ (attend) since I came to this school.
2．The two friends ________ (chat) on the Internet for three hours, and they will go on till next morning.
3．[2021·全国甲卷]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ________ (survive) China's long history.
4．In recent years, social policy ________ (dominate) by cuts in spending.
5．The telephone ________ (ring) in the office all the morning.
6．Lily ________ (consider) going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
7．She ________ (work) in Hong Kong since she graduated from university.
8．I feel very tired now. I ________ (clean) the classroom for three hours.
9．Although many measures ________ (take), the world's economy is still going down.
10．In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
?维度2 语法与写作
1．你的衣服满是灰尘， 我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。
Your clothes are covered with dust. You ____________________ just now, I think.
2．这本书我已读了两个小时了， 但我还没读完。
I ____________________ for two hours, but I haven't finished it.
3．因为已经采取了许多有效措施， 环境已经被极大地改善了。
Because many effective measures have been taken, ______________________．
4．这个小男孩从头到脚都很脏， 因为他整个早晨都在泥巴里玩。
The little boy is dirty from head to foot ________________________________．
5．作为理科学生， 我一直在复习属于高考科目的汉语， 数学， 英语， 物理学， 化学和生物学。
As a science student, ________________________________， which all belong to the college entrance examination subjects.
6．我已经学英语10年了， 我有一口流利的英语。因此， 我有资格成为您的翻译。
________________________________ and I speak English fluently. So I am qualified to be your interpreter.
?维度3 用所给动词的适当时态填空
Li Hong 1.________(experience) a terrible earthquake and his home 2.________(destroy) completely in the disaster. Fortunately, he 3.________(rescue) by the rescue workers. Since then he 4.________(live) with his relatives and 5.________(study) in a village school. His teachers 6.________(encourage) him to carry on. He 7.________(improve) greatly in his study. In return for people's help, Li Hong 8.________(volunteer) since then. Next year he 9.________(graduate) from school and he 10.________(intend) to study medicine at university to assist more people.
?维度4 语法填空
After water, tea is the second most consumed drink in the world and 1.________(enjoy) for centuries.Tea production began in China, but soon spread to other parts of Asia.When European explorers came across the satisfying drink on their travels, they caused a demand for tea worldwide that continues to grow in spite of 2.________(compete) from soft drinks and coffee.
There are four main 3.________ (type) of tea：black, white, green and oolong.The difference depends on the processes 4.________ (use) for treating the tea leaves.China and Japan produce the best green tea and India and Sri Lanka are famous 5.________ their black teas.Different regions have their own specialties.For example, mint (薄荷) tea is drunk in North Africa and the Middle East. Earl Grey tea, named after a British prime minister 6.________ lived from 1764 to 1845, is one of 7.________ most popular black tea in the world.
Flowering tea balls are a novelty (新奇) tea, made by 8.________ (proper) sewing the tea leaves and flowers into tight balls.When the ball is placed in hot water, it opens up, 9.________ (show) the lovely flower inside.
Delicious and 10.________ (health), tea deserves its place as the world's most loved drink.Let's lift our glasses and have a toast—to tea!
主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Several years ago, I was on an assignment working in an underpopulated area of the Amazon river basin in South America. This was one of my early experiences of traveling in the area, so I hadn't learned a lot of lessons yet. My destination was only about 16 miles from my duty station. Many locals had suggested that I bike or hike it, but I had a lot of equipment I didn't want to leave behind.
I finally figured out a route where I could hitchhike (搭便车) along a jeep trail for about a total of 30 miles. On the first day, I caught a bus for my first leg of 10 miles. Then I spent two nights camping, waiting for a supply jeep to leave for my second leg. I rode with the supply jeep to within 8 miles of my destination when we had a breakdown. We spent a little over 24 hours making repairs.
Moving slower now with our repaired car, we got within 2 miles of our destination to find that the road had been washed out and rainstorms in the mountains were causing flooding around our destination.
Our jeep was equipped with a snorkel (通气管) to go underwater, but our payload (装载货物) was not waterproof. We searched the area for better places to cross the floodwaters, but nothing looked promising. We started to make camp, but as the waters began to approach, we decided to park the jeep at the highest point and abandon (放弃) it. More rain brought faster rising water, so we made a final decision before things got worse.
Sadly, in the water I slipped from the rocks I was walking on and I lost a bag in which my wallet, flashlight, and watch were kept. I swam until I got on the rocks again and climbed out to the other side. We dressed and marched up into the higher area away from the flood. A kind gentleman in a house, just past the floodwaters, lent us a motorbike and we finished the rest of our journey.
For my return trip, I cheeked out the 16 mile hike. It was easy and scenic with lots of fruit trees and fresh water along the trail. And I learned a lesson from that experience.
1．What do we know about the author before that assignment
A．He loved biking and hiking very much.
B．He lacked the experience of traveling in that area.
C．He considered life in the Amazon river basin easy.
D．He had never worked in an underpopulated area before.
2．What did the author decide to do to reach his destination
A．To find a local as his guide.
B．To leave behind his equipment.
C．To drive all the way there by himself.
D．To get free rides from passing jeeps.
3．What did the two realize when they were within 2 miles of their destination
A．They were lost in the forest.
B．They should repair their car quickly.
C．They had to walk through the water.
D．They should turn to someone for help.
4．What lesson did the author most probably learn from that experience
A．He should never travel alone.
B．He should take risks sometimes.
C．He should travel as the locals do.
D．He should avoid going out on rainy days.
B
Meet Ben Saunders: adventurer, athlete, motivational speaker. Ben, at the age of 23, was the youngest man to ski solo (单人滑雪) to the North Pole. He dragged a 180 kilogramme sledge over 1, 420 miles through the worst Arctic conditions. This year, as well as planning a return to the Arctic, Ben plans to ski solo from the Antarctic coast to the South Pole and back in the autumn, carrying all his supplies on his sledge.
Ben Saunders was fired after persuading the firm to support his disorganized first adventure. “Everything that could go wrong did go wrong. We were attacked by a bear. We started running out of food. It was just desperate. And we didn't get to the Pole, we didn't get there, so we had no media interest. No one heard about it, no book deal, and no speaking. I was so unhappy.”
“People said it was impossible for me to get to the Pole. But I think I can get there, and I did. Self belief, I see it as being a bit like a muscle—it's my belief that the more you stretch yourself the stronger it gets. If you never do anything that's uncomfortable or risky then your self belief gets weaker. So that's one of the lessons I've figured out along the way. The thing that I've stretched and tested is my self belief.” Ben Saunders said.
“My Antarctic adventure is just practicable and that's what is exciting to me. If I knew it was possible, if I knew I could do it without too much bother, I wouldn't be interested. Why Personally I'm attracted by the human performance element to it. Not that long ago, running a marathon was seen as the top point of human attempt, and now I wouldn't be that surprised if my mum said she was going to run one next year.”
“People's horizons are changing. I'm not particularly gifted, and I'm absolutely average. I've just chosen this one goal to achieve and I've been working hard to realize it. That's it. And that's the thing that attracts me: with enough training and enough determination, enough focus and preparation, how far can we go？And I don't think I've found out yet.”
5．What do we know about Ben Saunders' first adventure
A．There was no press coverage.
B．It was supported by his company.
C．It was well planned and organized.
D．He actually reached the North Pole.
6．What should you do if you want to stretch your self belief according to Ben Saunders
A．You should often test your confidence.
B．You should try something adventurous.
C．You should aim to reach the North Pole.
D．You should always stretch your muscles.
7．Why was Ben Saunders excited about his Antarctic adventure
A．Because he liked running a marathon.
B．Because he wanted to exercise his body.
C．Because he knew it might be achievable.
D．Because he was sure he could do it easily.
8．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．We have to change our views about adventure.
B.We can never know our possibilities and energies.
C．We should have a reason for going on an adventure.
D．We have to be especially talented to have an adventure.
Ⅱ.七选五
[2023·福建省三明市高二联考]
ANIMAL BODY LANGUAGE
Human beings are not only ones who communicate. __1__ Here is a quick look at how some of our animal friends send messages to us and to each other.
__2__ When a dog is happy, its ears will stand up and its eyes will be wide open. The dog will start barking, moving its tail, and running around in circles or jumping up and down to show you that it wants to play. A dog that is afraid will lay on its back and close its eyes. The dog may show its teeth and lower its body so that it is close to the ground. The dog may also shake, and it will put its tail between its legs. When a dog is angry, its main body language is showing its teeth and growling (低声叫). The dog will try making itself look as big as possible. The tail will stand straight out from the body.
Elephants also use noises and body language to express themselves. An elephant's sense of smell is highly developed. An elephant can smell how another elephant is feeling and even tell if it is sick. The elephant's nose, or trunk, is also used to make noises and to welcome other elephants. Different noises have a variety of meanings: they can mean “I am hungry”， “I am angry”， or “Good to see you！”__3__ If an elephant spreads its ears, it means “Watch out！” To show friendship, elephants will touch each other with their trunks and stand close to each other, putting their heads together.
Dolphins are social animals. __4__ An angry dolphin will sometimes hit its tail on the surface of the water. The movement and noise let other dolphins know that something is wrong. If a dolphin wants to send a message over a long distance, or if it wants to show how strong it is, it will jump high out of the water and land on its side, making a loud noise. A dolphin's favorite activity is leaping into the air while playing with its friends. When dolphins are tired and need to rest, they will swim in small groups close to the surface. __5__
A．Dogs are human's loyal friends.
B．If you see them doing this, you should not disturb them.
C．An elephant's body language includes ear signals and gestures.
D．They live in groups and love showing each other their feelings.
E．Dogs use sounds, body movements, and their tails to communicate.
F．If an elephant senses its partner is falling sick, it will also make a noise.
G．Animals use body language to tell each other how they feel and what they think.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Back in 2015, I made some powerful comments to graduating students at Utah Valley University. I advised the students to live a __1__ life. We all need to go out and live large, not just when we're young, but throughout our __2__ lives.
However, people often __3__ to live large. Why Because most of the time, they fear their __4__ failure.
I've had a ton of failures, but some of those have led to some huge __5__. Many years ago, I decided to lend a large amount of money using a restaurant as collateral (抵押物). The decision was a big __6__ on my part! I didn't know much about that kind of __7__， and I certainly wouldn't know how to run it. __8__， I lost almost all of what I had loaned.
I learned from it that I shouldn't __9__ what I know best—real estate (房地产). Later, I __10__ that I could do even __11__ by owning the right kind of income producing properties. I also, very successfully, risked the development of warehouses (仓储), where the __12__ were even bigger. Those did come with increased risks, but they were risks I was willing to take because I knew them enough. The success I had in those risks __13__ lessons learned from my failures and my efforts to live large.
Now, living large for you may not be about __14__ in real estate. It will mean different things to different people, but __15__ that the term refers to more than making money.
1．A.great B．simple
C．large D．meaningful
2．A.current B．temporary
C．positive D．entire
3．A.struggle B．decide
C．hesitate D．favor
4．A.potential B．real
C．fake D．dedicated
5．A.disasters B．successes
C．responsibilities D．pressures
6．A.improvement B．mistake
C．life D．responsibility
7．A.business B．question
C．procedure D．process
8．A.Additionally B．Fortunately
C．Therefore D．However
9．A.get rid of B．jump into
C．let alone D．keep away from
10．A.stressed B．complained
C．discovered D．doubted
11．A.nothing B．better
C．enough D．less
12．A.hobbies B．presentations
C．rules D．profits
13．A.resulted in B．came from
C．picked out D．handed out
14．A.investing B．arriving
C．sharing D．lying
15．A.wonder B．admit
C．warn D．remember
课时作业(十一)
层级一 课时跟踪检测
维度1
1．have attended 2.have been chatting 3.has survived
4．has been dominated 5.has been ringing 6.has been considering 7.has been working 8.have been cleaning
9．have been taken 10.have reported
维度2
1．have been cleaning the classroom
2．have been reading this book
3．the environment has been improved a lot
4．because he has been playing in the mud all the morning
5．I've been reviewing Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and biology
6．I have been learning English for ten years
维度3
1．experienced 2.was destroyed 3.was rescued 4.has been living 5.studying 6.have been encouraging 7.has improved 8.has been volunteering 9.will graduate 10.intends
维度4
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文， 主要介绍了世界各地的茶文化。
1．答案与解析：has been enjoyed 由语境及for centuries可知enjoy所表示的动作开始于过去， 并一直持续到现在， 且tea与enjoy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 故填has been enjoyed。
2．答案与解析：competition 此处要表达的是“尽管有来自软饮料和咖啡的竞争”， 故填competition。
3．答案与解析：types 由设空处前的four可知， 设空处应填名词的复数形式， 故填types。
4．答案与解析：used 设空处作processes的后置定语， 因为use与processes之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 且use所表示的动作已完成， 故填used。
5．答案与解析：for be famous for意为“以……而闻名”。
6．答案与解析：who/that 设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰a British prime minister, 且在从句中作主语， 故填who/that。
7．答案与解析：the 形容词最高级前填定冠词the。
8．答案与解析：properly 设空处修饰动词sewing, 故填副词properly。
9．答案与解析：showing 设空处作伴随状语， 因为it与show之间是逻辑上的主谓关系， 且show所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生， 故填showing。
10．答案与解析：healthy 设空处与Delicious并列作主语补足语， 意为“健康的”， 故填healthy。
层级二 主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在亚马孙雨林执行任务途中的经历。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This was one of...learned a lot of lessons yet.”可知， 在那次任务之前， 作者缺少在那里出行的经验。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I finally figured out a route where I could hitchhike along a jeep trail...to leave for my second leg.”可知， 作者决定搭便车前往目的地。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Sadly, in the water I slipped from the rocks I was walking on...and watch were kept.”可知， 作者跟同伴最后决定涉水过去。
4．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Many locals had suggested that I bike or hike it”以及最后一段可知， 作者从那次经历中领悟到自己应该像当地人一样出行。
B
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了英国极地探险家本·桑德斯。
5．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“we didn't get there, so we had no media interest”可知， 在本·桑德斯的第一次北极探险中， 由于他们没有到达北极， 所以没有媒体的报道。
6．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If you never do anything that's uncomfortable or risky then your self belief gets weaker.”可知， 本·桑德斯认为如果你想增强自我信念， 就需要尝试一些有挑战的事情。
7．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“My Antarctic adventure is just practicable and that's what is exciting to me.”可知， 令本·桑德斯感到兴奋的是他的南极探险是可行的、可以实现的。
8．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“with enough training and...I've found out yet”可知， 本·桑德斯认为我们永远不会知道我们能走多远， 即我们不会知道我们的潜能和力量。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述动物的交流方式。
1．答案与解析：G 根据上文“Human beings are not only ones who communicate.”和下文“Here is a quick look at how some of our animal friends send messages to us and to each other.”可知， 中间要提到动物也有它们的交流方式。选项G“动物用肢体语言告诉对方它们感觉如何和它们想的什么。”和上下文意思连贯。
2．答案与解析：E 根据下文“When a dog is happy, its ears will stand up and its eyes will be wide open.”可知， 这一段说明狗的交流方式。故选E。
3．答案与解析：C 根据下文“If an elephant spreads its ears, it means ‘Watch out！’ To show friendship, elephants will touch each other with their trunks and stand close to each other, putting their heads together.”可知， 这里描述大象用耳朵和身体来交流。选项C“大象的肢体语言包括耳朵信号和姿势。”和下文意思一致。
4．答案与解析：D 根据上文“Dolphins are social animals.”可知， 这里描述海豚的生活特点。选项D“它们住在一起， 并且喜欢相互表达它们的情感。”和上文意思一致。
5．答案与解析：B 根据上文“When dolphins are tired and need to rest, they will swim in small groups close to the surface.”可知， 这里提到海豚也会累， 也需要休息。选项B“如果你看到它们这样， 你不应该打扰它们。”和上文意思一致。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己的经历为例子， 鼓励学生不要畏惧失败， 要做到胸怀宽广。
1．答案与解析：C 根据下文中的“We all need to go out and live large”可知， 作者建议学生要胸怀宽广(large)。
2．答案与解析：D 根据语境和上文中的“not just when we're young”可知， 胸怀宽广要贯串在我们整个(entire)生命中。
3．答案与解析：C 根据下文中的“Because most of the time, they fear their __4__ failure.”可知， 人们因为害怕失败， 做事犹犹豫豫(hesitate)。
4．答案与解析：A 根据语境可知， 此处指未知的、潜在的(potential)失败。
5．答案与解析：B 根据上文中的“but some of those have led to some huge”可知， 此处为转折关系， 与失败对应的应是成功， 此处指一些失败带来了成功(success)。
6．答案与解析：B 根据下文中的“I didn't know much about...I lost almost all of what I had loaned.”可知， 作者的决策是一个巨大的错误(mistake)。
7．答案与解析：A 根据下文中的“I certainly wouldn't know...what I had loaned.”及语境可知， 此处指作者对这种生意(business)不了解。
8．答案与解析：C 根据语境可知， 空处前后存在因果关系， 因为不懂行， 所以(therefore)损失惨重。
9．答案与解析：D 根据语境及下文中的“what I know best”可知， 作者不应脱离(keep away from)他最熟悉的领域。
10．答案与解析：C 根据下文中的“owning the right kind of income producing properties...even bigger”可知， 此处指作者发现(discover)有更适合自己的收入来源， 并且在这一领域可以做得更好(better)。
11．答案与解析：B 参见上题解析。
12．答案与解析：D 根据语境和上文中的“I could do even __11__ by owning the right kind of income producing properties.”可知， 相比房地产， 仓储发展利润(profit)更大。
13．答案与解析：B 根据上文中的“I've had a ton of failures, but some of those have led to some huge ________．”可知， 作者的成功来自(come from)从失败中吸取的教训。
14．答案与解析：A 根据上下文语境可知， 此处指投资(invest)房地产。
15．答案与解析：D 根据语境可知， living large对每个人有不同的含义， 但作者希望读者能够记住(remember)它不仅仅指赚钱。