人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第三册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection SectionⅢ Using Language课时作业（含解析）
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课时作业(九) UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Using Language
课时跟踪检测
?维度1 单词拼写
1．[2022·全国甲卷]Cao and Wu also collected ________ (垃圾) along the road, in order to promote environmental protection.
2．With the development of science and technology, there is a growing ________ (趋势) towards earlier retirement in that country.
3．It's high time that you ________ (提交) your application, otherwise you will be banned from participating in the activity.
4．Our school has launched a ________ (运动) to call on all the teachers and students not to throw away garbage on campus.
5．Since China's ________ (改革) and opening up in the late 1978, its quick development has aroused worldwide attention.
6．The market has shown ________ (每年的) growth of 20 percent for several years.
7．I believe that ________ (核能的) power offers the best solution to the world's pressing energy problems.
8．It was written in 1946, since when the education system has ________ (经历) great changes.
?维度2 单句语法填空
1．Teachers need to be sensitive ________ the level of development of each student so as to help them better.
2．She was picked out from ________ (dozen) of students to participate in the competition ________ behalf of the school.
3．World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated ________ (annual) by consumer organizations worldwide.
4．Submit your application ________ www.lancasterdesign.org or call 740 6119735.
5．He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living ________ (harmony) with nature once more.
6．He can't tolerate ________ (disturb) by others when he is absorbed in reading.
7．Great changes have taken place since our country ________ (reform) in 1978.
8．Parents are convinced that plenty of praise will make kids more confident, which actually has a negative effect ________ them.
9．With a lot of problems ________ (settle), I can't go skating with you.
10．There are 60 students in our class, many of ________ are from the countryside.
?维度3 完成句子/一句多译
1．感到既害怕又孤单，简坐在一棵树旁，紧紧地用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。
________________________， Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms tightly to make herself warmer.
2．他在同学中很受欢迎的原因是他对别人的感情很敏感。
The reason why he is popular with his classmates is that ________________________________________．
3．按照该组织的建议，我们应该保护野生动植物，实现人与自然的和谐相处。
As the organization suggests, we should protect wild animals and plants to ________________________．
4．由于总是出现极端天气，许多人开始关心环保。
Since there is always extreme weather, a lot of people begin to ________________________________________．
5．她不会容忍她的儿子在下次物理考试中犯同样的错误。
①She won't ____________________________________________
in the physics test next time.
②She won't ____________________________________________
in the physics test next time.
③She won't ____________________________________________
in the physics test next time.
?维度4 课文语法填空
The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well known tourist 1.________ (destination) in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects 2.________ the river's water quality. 3.________ (previous), water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of 4.________ frequently threw garbage into the river. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste 5.________ (end) up in the river. In order to feed more people, more chemicals 6.________ (use) to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, 7.________ (cause) a decrease in the number of fish species. 8.________ comprehensive initiative was started, with dozens of measures that 9.________ (address) the issues. With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. In addition, the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. With such campaigns in effect, China's waterways are heading towards a clean and 10.________ (sustain) future.
主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2023·辽宁省沈阳市高二上联考]The climate change in California has caused terrible damage to California's marine ecosystems. Untold billions of sea stars, or starfish, from at least 20 species disappeared from the entire Pacific coast because of the marine heatwaves. In the absence of sunflower sea stars, a major predator for sea urchins (海胆), the urchin populations exploded. They laid waste to kelp forests (海草林) already weakened by high ocean temperatures.
However, Central California's kelp ecosystems have done somewhat better than those in Northern California. A new study led by Joshua Smith, an ecologist at the University of California, examines the role sea otter (海獭) population—a natural predator for urchins—play in preserving existing kelp forests in the Monterey Bay.
The research project spanned three years, during which intensive under water surveys produced some very interesting data about sea otter behavior. Sea otters have very high metabolisms (新陈代谢) that keep them warm in icy waters and which also make them greedy consumers of shellfish, urchin, and fish sea otters can eat 25 percent of their body weight in food in a day. At the observed sites, as the urchin population grew, the otter's diet shifted to become more heavily dependent on urchins. In fact, the otters were eating three times as many urchins as they had been before 2014. As a result, they provided crucial protection from urchins to the kelp forests.
The fact that otters were able to contribute to the health of the surviving kelp forests by keeping urchin population in check provides Smith with hope for the forests' continued survival. “The important thing is that the urchins are ultimately reduced，” he says. “The sea otters have maintained patches of kelp forest that can then help refill the barren areas to enhance the recovery of forests.”
1．What influence does climate change have on California's marine ecosystems
A．A greater diversity of marine species.
B．The disappearance of urchins.
C．An explosive growth of sea stars.
D．The weakening of kelp forests.
2．What is the study led by Joshua Smith about
A．Urchins' response to ocean warming.
B．The reproduction of marine animals.
C．Otters' role in protecting kelp forests.
D．The current condition of marine ecosystems.
3．What is a direct result of the shift in otters' diet
A．The otters are more likely to stay warm.
B．The shellfish populations have exploded.
C．Urchins' threat to kelp forests is relieved.
D．The kelp forests have made a full recovery.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Sea Otters to the Rescue
B．Marine Species in Danger
C．Urchins Are Destroying Kelp Forests
D．Otters Increase Kelp Forests' Carbon Storage
B
[2023·临沂高二期中]
Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn't just made of water anymore—it's partly made of plastic.
Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth's atmosphere and traveling across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June, 2020 has revealed that every year more than 1，000 tons of the particles (颗粒)—equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles—fall in rain.
Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径) and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion (研磨) in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to the DailyMail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic (合成的) clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed (冲掉) away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired.
Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei (核心) around which water vapor (水蒸气) condenses (凝结) to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain, according to the DailyMail.
Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported DailyMail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble，” microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathclyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It (plastic rain) is raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There's no stopping it once it's out.”
5．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．How microplastics should be handled.
B．How microplastics are used widely.
C．How microplastics pollute water.
D．How microplastics come into being.
6．What do we know about microplastics
A．They are light and can be easily dealt with.
B．They result in both acid rain and plastic rain.
C．They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters.
D．They have nearly affected the whole food chain.
7．What do Steve Allen's words mean in the last paragraph
A．No place is safe from microplastic pollution.
B．The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self cleanse.
C．Countries should work together to fight plastic pollution.
D．It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else.
8．What's the main purpose of the passage
A．To compare acid rain and plastic rain.
B．To warn people of the dangers of microplastics.
C．To call on people to reduce using plastic products.
D．To introduce the sources and effects of microplastics.
Ⅱ.七选五
Carbon dioxide is released when oil, coal, and other fossil fuels are burned for energy—the energy we use to power our homes, cars, and smartphones. By using less of it, we can limit our own contribution to climate change while also saving money. __1__
Buy energy efficient appliances.
Since they were first set in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That's about the same amount as the yearly carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances，look for the Energy Star label. __2__
Reduce water waste.
Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water. __3__ Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. And switch to water efficient equipment. If one out of every 100 American homes did this, about 100 million kilowatt hours of electricity per year would be saved, avoiding 80，000 tons of global warming pollution.
__4__
Gas smart cars, such as hybrids and fully electric cars, save fuel and money. And once all cars and light trucks meet 2025's clean car standards, which means averaging 54.5 miles per gallon, they'll be a mainstay. For good reason: Compared with the 2011 standards, Americans will spend $80 billion less at the gas station each year and cut their emissions by half. Before you buy a new set of wheels, compare fuel economy performance.
Rethink planes, trains, and cars.
Choosing to live in walkable smart growth cities and towns with quality public transportation leads to less driving, less money spent on fuel, and less pollution in the air.
__5__ Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that.
A．So take shorter showers.
B．Drive a fuel efficient car.
C．Cut down on your water consumption completely.
D．It will tell you which are the most efficient.
E．Change only happens when individuals take action.
F．Less frequent flying can make a big difference, too.
G．Here are some effective ways each one of us can make a difference.
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2023·孝感市高二期中]To beat the blues of staying at home all day, I __1__ an ‘online book exchange’ on account of my friends. Details were __2__ to understand, and I spent hours trying to make it clear.
I had my doubts, though. For one, it involved __3__ a copy of your favorite book to a complete stranger, and then waiting for a series of people to __4__ the chain, till you received some books __5__， from complete strangers. A natural pessimist I am, I __6__ if I would receive any books. But __7__， I sent a copy of my favorite, Jeffrey Arche's TheEleventhCommandment, to a stranger. Days later, I was __8__ when the first book arrived! And soon followed another 10 books that I had never in my wildest dreams imagined I would receive. Over the next two weeks, books kept __9__， ranging from DrAbdulKalam'sautobiography (自传) to CharlotteJaneEyre and a best selling Japanese thriller. I even __10__ my afternoon nap (午觉), ready to open the door __11__ another book was delivered.
There is something intimate (亲密的) about exchanging books with strangers. By __12__ a book with someone, I believe we end up sharing a part of our soul with them.
The posting about the book exchange on social media brought me __13__ to many old friends, with whom I had lost touch due to the __14__ schedules we all had before COVID 19 __15__ our plans. It fired long discussions about trying out wine in Vietnam.
1．A.looked up to B．took part in
C．kept up with D．got hold of
2．A.possible B．boring
C．difficult D．important
3．A.recommending B．explaining
C．sending D．selling
4．A.continue B．discover
C．check D．recognize
5．A.now and then B．in time
C．more or less D．in return
6．A.reported B．observed
C．wondered D．regretted
7．A.bravely B．delightedly
C．willingly D．doubtfully
8．A.disappointed B．puzzled
C．amused D．astonished
9．A.coming out B．pouring in
C．working D．disappearing
10．A.worried about B．looked forward to
C．got back to D．gave up
11．A.in case B．even if
C．as though D．so that
12．A.delivering B．sharing
C．collecting D．discussing
13．A.closer B．kinder
C．more serious D．more sensitive
14．A.irregular B．natural
C．busy D．flexible
15．A.cancelled B．dropped
C．opposed D．ruined
课时作业(九)
层级一 课时跟踪检测
维度1
1．garbage 2.trend 3.submitted 4.campaign 5.reform 6.annual 7.nuclear 8.undergone
维度2
1．to 2.dozens; on 3.annually 4.to 5.harmoniously
6．being disturbed 7.reformed 8.on 9.to settle 10.whom
维度3
1．Feeling scared and lonely
2．he is very sensitive to other people's feelings
3．live in harmony with nature
4．show concern for environment protection
5．①tolerate her son making the same mistakes
②stand her son making the same mistakes
③bear her son making the same mistakes
维度4
1．destinations 2.on 3.Previously 4.whom 5.ending 6.were used 7.causing 8.A 9.addressed 10.sustainable
层级二 主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了加州气候变化造成海胆泛滥从而影响到当地的海草林，研究发现海獭对于海胆的猎食对于海草林有一定的保护作用。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段“They laid waste to kelp forests already weakened by high ocean temperatures.”可知，气候变化引起的高温海水已经影响了海草林。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段“examines the role sea otter populations—a natural predator for urchins—play in preserving existing kelp forests in the Monterey Bay.”可知，本次研究主要是去核实海獭对于保护现存海草林方面的作用。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段“As a result, they provided crucial protection from urchins to the kelp forests.”可知，海獭饮食发生变化，大批的海胆被海獭猎食，海胆对于海草林的影响得到了缓解。
4．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“A new study led by Joshua Smith, an ecologist at the University of California, examines the role sea otter populations—a natural predator for urchins—play in preserving existing kelp forests in the Monterey Bay.”可知，本文主要是介绍海獭捕食海胆，从而让现存的海草林得到保护。
B
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了微塑料无处不在，并分析了它的来源和它对生物造成的影响。
5．答案与解析：D 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources.”和下文提到的三种微塑料来源可推知，本段讲微塑料是怎么形成的。
6．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine...As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too.”可知，微塑料存在于整个生物食物链中。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘We live on a ball inside a bubble...There's no stopping it once it's out.’”可推知，斯蒂芬·艾伦认为微塑料造成的污染无法避免，没有安全的地方。
8．答案与解析：D 写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，本文用雨引出微塑料无处不在这一话题，第三段分析了微塑料的三个来源，第四、五段介绍它对生物的影响。由此可知，本文的主要目的是介绍微塑料的来源和影响。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以减少碳排放的有效方法。
1．答案与解析：G 根据上文“By using less of it, we can...also saving money.”并结合后文可知，G项承上启下，符合语境。
2．答案与解析：D 根据上文“When shopping for refrigerators...the Energy Star label.”可知，本句应承接上文继续说明原因。D项中It指代上文the Energy Star label。
3．答案与解析：A 根据本段小标题可知，本段内容围绕节约用水展开，且本句与后文并列，都是生活中节约用水的具体例子，A项符合语境。
4．答案与解析：B 根据本段内容可知， 本段的建议是驾驶节油型汽车。B项符合语境。
5．答案与解析：F 根据后文“Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that.”可知，本段的建议是少乘坐飞机，F项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在疫情期间参加了线上图书交流活动，这让作者受益匪浅。
1．答案与解析：B 句意：为了摆脱整天呆在家里的郁闷，我因为朋友参加了一个“在线图书交流”活动。根据后文“an ‘online book exchange’”宾语可知，这是一个线上图书交流活动，因此所选短语应表示“参加”含义。
2．答案与解析：C 根据后文“I spent hours trying to make it clear”可知，作者花了很长时间才弄清楚细则，因此图书交流活动的细则很难理解。
3．答案与解析：C 句意：例如，它涉及到将你最喜欢的书寄给一个完全陌生的人，然后等待一系列的人继续这个链条，直到你从完全陌生的人那里收到一些书作为回报。 后文“a copy of your favorite book”为“最喜欢的书”，且结合后文“till you received some books”可知，收到别人的书是因为自己先将书送给了别人。
4．答案与解析：A 结合语境可推知，“the chain”应是指“向陌生人寄送自己最喜欢的书”这一送书循环，这个循环要持续到自己手里有了几本其他人寄送的书。
5．答案与解析：D 句意：例如，它涉及到将你最喜欢的书寄给一个完全陌生的人，然后等待一系列的人继续这个链条，直到你从完全陌生的人那里收到一些书作为回报。 根据前文“__3__ a copy of your favorite book to a complete stranger”可知，要将自己最喜欢的书寄送给陌生人，那么自己收到的书应是别人送的，这作为回报。
6．答案与解析：C 根据前文“I had my doubts, though.”可知，作者其实对这个活动抱有怀疑的态度，因此，这里表达作者其实对自己能否收到书籍表示怀疑好奇。
7．答案与解析：A 句意：但我勇敢地把我最喜欢的杰弗里·阿奇的《第十一诫》寄给了一个陌生人。 根据后文“I sent a copy of my favorite Jeffrey Arche's TheEleventhCommandment, to a stranger.”可知，作者决定勇敢一试，选择相信能收到别人的书。
8．答案与解析：D 根据前文“A natural pessimist I am, I __6__ if I would receive any books.”可知，作者对自己是否收到书抱有怀疑，因此收到书令作者很惊讶。
9．答案与解析：B 根据后文“ranging from DrAbdulKalam'sautobiographytoCharlotteJaneEyre and a bestselling Japanese thriller”的描述可知，不断有书出现。
10．答案与解析：D 根据后文“ready to open the door __11__ another book was delivered”可知，作者随时准备着开门迎接书的到来，因此应是放弃了午觉。
11．答案与解析：A 分析语境可知，“I even __10__ my afternoon nap, ready to open the door”是为了避免错过送来的书。“in case”意为“以防，以免”，符合句意。
12．答案与解析：B 句意：通过与人分享一本书，我相信我们最终与他们分享了我们灵魂的一部分。“share sth. with sb.”，“和某人分享某物”。
13．答案与解析：A 根据前文“There is something intimate about exchanging books with strangers.”可知，作者觉得和陌生人交换书让他有种亲密感，那么更不用和“失联”已久的朋友了。
14．答案与解析：C 句意：在社交媒体上发布关于图书交换的消息让我和许多老朋友更亲近了，在新冠肺炎毁掉我们的计划之前，我们都因为繁忙的日程安排而失去了联系。 分析语境可知，这里的“schedules”应是指大家繁忙的工作日程。
15．答案与解析：D 根据后文“It fired long discussions about trying out wine in Vietnam.”可知，之前作者和他的朋友们因为工作繁忙而疏远了，现在疫情毁掉了他们的安排。
课时跟踪检测
?维度1 单词拼写
1．[2022·全国甲卷]Cao and Wu also collected ________ (垃圾) along the road, in order to promote environmental protection.
2．With the development of science and technology, there is a growing ________ (趋势) towards earlier retirement in that country.
3．It's high time that you ________ (提交) your application, otherwise you will be banned from participating in the activity.
4．Our school has launched a ________ (运动) to call on all the teachers and students not to throw away garbage on campus.
5．Since China's ________ (改革) and opening up in the late 1978, its quick development has aroused worldwide attention.
6．The market has shown ________ (每年的) growth of 20 percent for several years.
7．I believe that ________ (核能的) power offers the best solution to the world's pressing energy problems.
8．It was written in 1946, since when the education system has ________ (经历) great changes.
?维度2 单句语法填空
1．Teachers need to be sensitive ________ the level of development of each student so as to help them better.
2．She was picked out from ________ (dozen) of students to participate in the competition ________ behalf of the school.
3．World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated ________ (annual) by consumer organizations worldwide.
4．Submit your application ________ www.lancasterdesign.org or call 740 6119735.
5．He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living ________ (harmony) with nature once more.
6．He can't tolerate ________ (disturb) by others when he is absorbed in reading.
7．Great changes have taken place since our country ________ (reform) in 1978.
8．Parents are convinced that plenty of praise will make kids more confident, which actually has a negative effect ________ them.
9．With a lot of problems ________ (settle), I can't go skating with you.
10．There are 60 students in our class, many of ________ are from the countryside.
?维度3 完成句子/一句多译
1．感到既害怕又孤单，简坐在一棵树旁，紧紧地用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。
________________________， Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms tightly to make herself warmer.
2．他在同学中很受欢迎的原因是他对别人的感情很敏感。
The reason why he is popular with his classmates is that ________________________________________．
3．按照该组织的建议，我们应该保护野生动植物，实现人与自然的和谐相处。
As the organization suggests, we should protect wild animals and plants to ________________________．
4．由于总是出现极端天气，许多人开始关心环保。
Since there is always extreme weather, a lot of people begin to ________________________________________．
5．她不会容忍她的儿子在下次物理考试中犯同样的错误。
①She won't ____________________________________________
in the physics test next time.
②She won't ____________________________________________
in the physics test next time.
③She won't ____________________________________________
in the physics test next time.
?维度4 课文语法填空
The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well known tourist 1.________ (destination) in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. However, its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects 2.________ the river's water quality. 3.________ (previous), water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of 4.________ frequently threw garbage into the river. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste 5.________ (end) up in the river. In order to feed more people, more chemicals 6.________ (use) to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, 7.________ (cause) a decrease in the number of fish species. 8.________ comprehensive initiative was started, with dozens of measures that 9.________ (address) the issues. With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. In addition, the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country. With such campaigns in effect, China's waterways are heading towards a clean and 10.________ (sustain) future.
主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2023·辽宁省沈阳市高二上联考]The climate change in California has caused terrible damage to California's marine ecosystems. Untold billions of sea stars, or starfish, from at least 20 species disappeared from the entire Pacific coast because of the marine heatwaves. In the absence of sunflower sea stars, a major predator for sea urchins (海胆), the urchin populations exploded. They laid waste to kelp forests (海草林) already weakened by high ocean temperatures.
However, Central California's kelp ecosystems have done somewhat better than those in Northern California. A new study led by Joshua Smith, an ecologist at the University of California, examines the role sea otter (海獭) population—a natural predator for urchins—play in preserving existing kelp forests in the Monterey Bay.
The research project spanned three years, during which intensive under water surveys produced some very interesting data about sea otter behavior. Sea otters have very high metabolisms (新陈代谢) that keep them warm in icy waters and which also make them greedy consumers of shellfish, urchin, and fish sea otters can eat 25 percent of their body weight in food in a day. At the observed sites, as the urchin population grew, the otter's diet shifted to become more heavily dependent on urchins. In fact, the otters were eating three times as many urchins as they had been before 2014. As a result, they provided crucial protection from urchins to the kelp forests.
The fact that otters were able to contribute to the health of the surviving kelp forests by keeping urchin population in check provides Smith with hope for the forests' continued survival. “The important thing is that the urchins are ultimately reduced，” he says. “The sea otters have maintained patches of kelp forest that can then help refill the barren areas to enhance the recovery of forests.”
1．What influence does climate change have on California's marine ecosystems
A．A greater diversity of marine species.
B．The disappearance of urchins.
C．An explosive growth of sea stars.
D．The weakening of kelp forests.
2．What is the study led by Joshua Smith about
A．Urchins' response to ocean warming.
B．The reproduction of marine animals.
C．Otters' role in protecting kelp forests.
D．The current condition of marine ecosystems.
3．What is a direct result of the shift in otters' diet
A．The otters are more likely to stay warm.
B．The shellfish populations have exploded.
C．Urchins' threat to kelp forests is relieved.
D．The kelp forests have made a full recovery.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Sea Otters to the Rescue
B．Marine Species in Danger
C．Urchins Are Destroying Kelp Forests
D．Otters Increase Kelp Forests' Carbon Storage
B
[2023·临沂高二期中]
Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn't just made of water anymore—it's partly made of plastic.
Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth's atmosphere and traveling across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June, 2020 has revealed that every year more than 1，000 tons of the particles (颗粒)—equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles—fall in rain.
Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径) and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion (研磨) in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to the DailyMail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic (合成的) clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed (冲掉) away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired.
Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei (核心) around which water vapor (水蒸气) condenses (凝结) to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain, according to the DailyMail.
Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported DailyMail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “We live on a ball inside a bubble，” microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathclyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It (plastic rain) is raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There's no stopping it once it's out.”
5．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．How microplastics should be handled.
B．How microplastics are used widely.
C．How microplastics pollute water.
D．How microplastics come into being.
6．What do we know about microplastics
A．They are light and can be easily dealt with.
B．They result in both acid rain and plastic rain.
C．They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters.
D．They have nearly affected the whole food chain.
7．What do Steve Allen's words mean in the last paragraph
A．No place is safe from microplastic pollution.
B．The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self cleanse.
C．Countries should work together to fight plastic pollution.
D．It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else.
8．What's the main purpose of the passage
A．To compare acid rain and plastic rain.
B．To warn people of the dangers of microplastics.
C．To call on people to reduce using plastic products.
D．To introduce the sources and effects of microplastics.
Ⅱ.七选五
Carbon dioxide is released when oil, coal, and other fossil fuels are burned for energy—the energy we use to power our homes, cars, and smartphones. By using less of it, we can limit our own contribution to climate change while also saving money. __1__
Buy energy efficient appliances.
Since they were first set in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That's about the same amount as the yearly carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances，look for the Energy Star label. __2__
Reduce water waste.
Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water. __3__ Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. And switch to water efficient equipment. If one out of every 100 American homes did this, about 100 million kilowatt hours of electricity per year would be saved, avoiding 80，000 tons of global warming pollution.
__4__
Gas smart cars, such as hybrids and fully electric cars, save fuel and money. And once all cars and light trucks meet 2025's clean car standards, which means averaging 54.5 miles per gallon, they'll be a mainstay. For good reason: Compared with the 2011 standards, Americans will spend $80 billion less at the gas station each year and cut their emissions by half. Before you buy a new set of wheels, compare fuel economy performance.
Rethink planes, trains, and cars.
Choosing to live in walkable smart growth cities and towns with quality public transportation leads to less driving, less money spent on fuel, and less pollution in the air.
__5__ Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that.
A．So take shorter showers.
B．Drive a fuel efficient car.
C．Cut down on your water consumption completely.
D．It will tell you which are the most efficient.
E．Change only happens when individuals take action.
F．Less frequent flying can make a big difference, too.
G．Here are some effective ways each one of us can make a difference.
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2023·孝感市高二期中]To beat the blues of staying at home all day, I __1__ an ‘online book exchange’ on account of my friends. Details were __2__ to understand, and I spent hours trying to make it clear.
I had my doubts, though. For one, it involved __3__ a copy of your favorite book to a complete stranger, and then waiting for a series of people to __4__ the chain, till you received some books __5__， from complete strangers. A natural pessimist I am, I __6__ if I would receive any books. But __7__， I sent a copy of my favorite, Jeffrey Arche's TheEleventhCommandment, to a stranger. Days later, I was __8__ when the first book arrived! And soon followed another 10 books that I had never in my wildest dreams imagined I would receive. Over the next two weeks, books kept __9__， ranging from DrAbdulKalam'sautobiography (自传) to CharlotteJaneEyre and a best selling Japanese thriller. I even __10__ my afternoon nap (午觉), ready to open the door __11__ another book was delivered.
There is something intimate (亲密的) about exchanging books with strangers. By __12__ a book with someone, I believe we end up sharing a part of our soul with them.
The posting about the book exchange on social media brought me __13__ to many old friends, with whom I had lost touch due to the __14__ schedules we all had before COVID 19 __15__ our plans. It fired long discussions about trying out wine in Vietnam.
1．A.looked up to B．took part in
C．kept up with D．got hold of
2．A.possible B．boring
C．difficult D．important
3．A.recommending B．explaining
C．sending D．selling
4．A.continue B．discover
C．check D．recognize
5．A.now and then B．in time
C．more or less D．in return
6．A.reported B．observed
C．wondered D．regretted
7．A.bravely B．delightedly
C．willingly D．doubtfully
8．A.disappointed B．puzzled
C．amused D．astonished
9．A.coming out B．pouring in
C．working D．disappearing
10．A.worried about B．looked forward to
C．got back to D．gave up
11．A.in case B．even if
C．as though D．so that
12．A.delivering B．sharing
C．collecting D．discussing
13．A.closer B．kinder
C．more serious D．more sensitive
14．A.irregular B．natural
C．busy D．flexible
15．A.cancelled B．dropped
C．opposed D．ruined
课时作业(九)
层级一 课时跟踪检测
维度1
1．garbage 2.trend 3.submitted 4.campaign 5.reform 6.annual 7.nuclear 8.undergone
维度2
1．to 2.dozens; on 3.annually 4.to 5.harmoniously
6．being disturbed 7.reformed 8.on 9.to settle 10.whom
维度3
1．Feeling scared and lonely
2．he is very sensitive to other people's feelings
3．live in harmony with nature
4．show concern for environment protection
5．①tolerate her son making the same mistakes
②stand her son making the same mistakes
③bear her son making the same mistakes
维度4
1．destinations 2.on 3.Previously 4.whom 5.ending 6.were used 7.causing 8.A 9.addressed 10.sustainable
层级二 主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了加州气候变化造成海胆泛滥从而影响到当地的海草林，研究发现海獭对于海胆的猎食对于海草林有一定的保护作用。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段“They laid waste to kelp forests already weakened by high ocean temperatures.”可知，气候变化引起的高温海水已经影响了海草林。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段“examines the role sea otter populations—a natural predator for urchins—play in preserving existing kelp forests in the Monterey Bay.”可知，本次研究主要是去核实海獭对于保护现存海草林方面的作用。
3．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段“As a result, they provided crucial protection from urchins to the kelp forests.”可知，海獭饮食发生变化，大批的海胆被海獭猎食，海胆对于海草林的影响得到了缓解。
4．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“A new study led by Joshua Smith, an ecologist at the University of California, examines the role sea otter populations—a natural predator for urchins—play in preserving existing kelp forests in the Monterey Bay.”可知，本文主要是介绍海獭捕食海胆，从而让现存的海草林得到保护。
B
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了微塑料无处不在，并分析了它的来源和它对生物造成的影响。
5．答案与解析：D 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources.”和下文提到的三种微塑料来源可推知，本段讲微塑料是怎么形成的。
6．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine...As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too.”可知，微塑料存在于整个生物食物链中。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘We live on a ball inside a bubble...There's no stopping it once it's out.’”可推知，斯蒂芬·艾伦认为微塑料造成的污染无法避免，没有安全的地方。
8．答案与解析：D 写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，本文用雨引出微塑料无处不在这一话题，第三段分析了微塑料的三个来源，第四、五段介绍它对生物的影响。由此可知，本文的主要目的是介绍微塑料的来源和影响。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些可以减少碳排放的有效方法。
1．答案与解析：G 根据上文“By using less of it, we can...also saving money.”并结合后文可知，G项承上启下，符合语境。
2．答案与解析：D 根据上文“When shopping for refrigerators...the Energy Star label.”可知，本句应承接上文继续说明原因。D项中It指代上文the Energy Star label。
3．答案与解析：A 根据本段小标题可知，本段内容围绕节约用水展开，且本句与后文并列，都是生活中节约用水的具体例子，A项符合语境。
4．答案与解析：B 根据本段内容可知， 本段的建议是驾驶节油型汽车。B项符合语境。
5．答案与解析：F 根据后文“Air transport is a major source of climate pollution. If you can take a train instead, do that.”可知，本段的建议是少乘坐飞机，F项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在疫情期间参加了线上图书交流活动，这让作者受益匪浅。
1．答案与解析：B 句意：为了摆脱整天呆在家里的郁闷，我因为朋友参加了一个“在线图书交流”活动。根据后文“an ‘online book exchange’”宾语可知，这是一个线上图书交流活动，因此所选短语应表示“参加”含义。
2．答案与解析：C 根据后文“I spent hours trying to make it clear”可知，作者花了很长时间才弄清楚细则，因此图书交流活动的细则很难理解。
3．答案与解析：C 句意：例如，它涉及到将你最喜欢的书寄给一个完全陌生的人，然后等待一系列的人继续这个链条，直到你从完全陌生的人那里收到一些书作为回报。 后文“a copy of your favorite book”为“最喜欢的书”，且结合后文“till you received some books”可知，收到别人的书是因为自己先将书送给了别人。
4．答案与解析：A 结合语境可推知，“the chain”应是指“向陌生人寄送自己最喜欢的书”这一送书循环，这个循环要持续到自己手里有了几本其他人寄送的书。
5．答案与解析：D 句意：例如，它涉及到将你最喜欢的书寄给一个完全陌生的人，然后等待一系列的人继续这个链条，直到你从完全陌生的人那里收到一些书作为回报。 根据前文“__3__ a copy of your favorite book to a complete stranger”可知，要将自己最喜欢的书寄送给陌生人，那么自己收到的书应是别人送的，这作为回报。
6．答案与解析：C 根据前文“I had my doubts, though.”可知，作者其实对这个活动抱有怀疑的态度，因此，这里表达作者其实对自己能否收到书籍表示怀疑好奇。
7．答案与解析：A 句意：但我勇敢地把我最喜欢的杰弗里·阿奇的《第十一诫》寄给了一个陌生人。 根据后文“I sent a copy of my favorite Jeffrey Arche's TheEleventhCommandment, to a stranger.”可知，作者决定勇敢一试，选择相信能收到别人的书。
8．答案与解析：D 根据前文“A natural pessimist I am, I __6__ if I would receive any books.”可知，作者对自己是否收到书抱有怀疑，因此收到书令作者很惊讶。
9．答案与解析：B 根据后文“ranging from DrAbdulKalam'sautobiographytoCharlotteJaneEyre and a bestselling Japanese thriller”的描述可知，不断有书出现。
10．答案与解析：D 根据后文“ready to open the door __11__ another book was delivered”可知，作者随时准备着开门迎接书的到来，因此应是放弃了午觉。
11．答案与解析：A 分析语境可知，“I even __10__ my afternoon nap, ready to open the door”是为了避免错过送来的书。“in case”意为“以防，以免”，符合句意。
12．答案与解析：B 句意：通过与人分享一本书，我相信我们最终与他们分享了我们灵魂的一部分。“share sth. with sb.”，“和某人分享某物”。
13．答案与解析：A 根据前文“There is something intimate about exchanging books with strangers.”可知，作者觉得和陌生人交换书让他有种亲密感，那么更不用和“失联”已久的朋友了。
14．答案与解析：C 句意：在社交媒体上发布关于图书交换的消息让我和许多老朋友更亲近了，在新冠肺炎毁掉我们的计划之前，我们都因为繁忙的日程安排而失去了联系。 分析语境可知，这里的“schedules”应是指大家繁忙的工作日程。
15．答案与解析：D 根据后文“It fired long discussions about trying out wine in Vietnam.”可知，之前作者和他的朋友们因为工作繁忙而疏远了，现在疫情毁掉了他们的安排。