中考英语全国通用版专项复习 主谓一致课件(共16张PPT)

(共16张PPT)
第 14讲 主 谓 一 致
忆知识●巧导妙引
理教材●夯实基础
练好题●夯基提能
语法一致原则
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。英语中的主谓一致包含三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
主　语 谓　语 例　句
单数名词或代词 单数 Your dog is really cute.
不可数名词 单数 Water is essential for us.
复数名词或代词 复数 Many students are waiting outside the classroom.
either, neither, each, every或no＋单数名词，以及由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词 单数 Each of us has a gift from our teacher.
Something is wrong with my computer.
one of＋名词复数，表示“……之一” 单数 One of Thailand's symbols is the elephant.
续表
主　语 谓　语 例　句
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 Playing sports is good for us.
What she said is important for me.
主语后面跟with, together with, along with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等词 取决于主语的数 Everyone except Jim and Tim has arrived at the park. Tom with his father is going to travel abroad next week.
由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of＋名词构成的短语 取决于短语后面名词的数 Lots of sheep are eating grass on the grassland.
The rest of money I have has been used up.
由“分数/百分数＋名词”构成的短语 取决于短语后面名词的数 Two thirds of the students in our class are girls.
50 % of my free time has been spent on reading.
续表
主　语 谓　语 例　句
定语从句关系代词that, who, which 与先行词的数一致 The girl who is standing over there is my sister.
The photos that are taken just now are beautiful.
由连接词and或both…and连接的并列主语 两个词指不同的人或物 复数 The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
两个词指同一个人或物 单数 The writer and actor has come.
a number of＋复数名词 复数 A number of soldiers are fighting for their country.
the number of 单数 The number of population in this town is larger than that in your town.
倒装句 谓语的数与其 后的主语一致 There comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
意义一致原则
主　语 谓语 例　句
表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或短语 单数 Three years is a long time.
“定冠词the＋形容词”表示某一类人 复数 The rich are supposed to help the poor and they together build a prosperous and fair society.
集体名词(如：family, class, team, group, public)强调整体用单数，侧重成员用复数 单数/复数 My family is going to start our vacation in Europe next month.
(强调整体用单数)
The whole family are eating breakfast now.(侧重成员用复数)
续表
主　语 谓语 例　句
有些集合名词形式上为单数，但意义上为复数(如：people, police, cattle) 复数 The police are looking for the lost girl in the forest.
“the＋姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇” 复数 The Smiths are willing to attend the party.
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等作主语 复数 The shoes I bought yesterday fit me well.
续表
主　语 谓语 例　句
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等主语前 pair/glass/cup/kind/box/bag/…等量词接of结构修饰时，谓语动词的数由量词的数决定 单数/复数 A pair of glasses is on the desk and could you bring it to me.
There are three cups of tea on the table.
and并列连接的主语表示同一个人或物(and后无冠词) 单数 A famous writer and teacher came to our school.一名有名的作家兼老师来到了我们学校。
politics, physics, maths, the United States, news等词形式上为复数，意义上为单数 单数 The news is very exciting.
这个消息真令人激动。
就近一致原则
主　语 谓　语 例　句
由either …or…；neither…nor…； not only…but also…； not…but…或or连接两个并列主语 谓语动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
here be be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致 Here is my advice and I hope it will help you.
there be be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致 There are 30 students in our class.
There is little time left for us.
(　 　)1. (2019·天水)________ of the students in our class________ going to
the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A. Two fifths, is B. Second fifths, are
C. Second fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
语法一致原则
【解析】考查语法一致原则。句意：我们班五分之二的学生下周都将去参加在北京举办的夏令营。第一空考查分数，五分之二的正确表达为two fifths, 第二空考查主谓一致，这里的谓语动词应该由分数后的名词students决定，故要用复数，故选D。
D
(　 　)2. Taking pictures ________ very interesting. I often go to the park to take photos in my spare time.
A．are B．seem C．is D．look
【解析】考查语法一致原则。句意：拍照是非常有趣的。在空余时间我经常去公园拍照。动词不定式短语、动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。结合句意可知Taking pictures作主语，is符合题意，故选C。
C
(　 　)3. —What are you going to do this weekend
—My classmates as well as our teacher ________going to climb Mount Tai.
A．would B．be C．will D．are
(　 　)4. Both my sister and I ________ fond of cartoons.
A．is B．are C．am D．like
【解析】考查语法一致原则。句意：——这个周末你打算做什么？——我的同学们和我们的老师打算去登泰山。主语后面跟as well as，谓语动词取决于主语的数。结合句意可知，my classmates是主语，故选D。
【解析】考查语法一致原则。句意：我姐姐和我都热衷于卡通。both…and连接两个并列成分作主语，且两个词指代不同的人，谓语动词用复数，故选B。
D
B
(　 　)1. Two months ________ a long time. We can visit our grandparents
during the vacation.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
(　 　)2. The blind ________ in special schools.
A．studies B．studied C．study D．studying
意义一致原则
【解析】考查意义一致原则。句意：两个月是一段很长的时间。我们可以在假期去看望我们的祖父母。two months表示时间，时间作主语，谓语用单数，故选B。
【解析】考查意义一致原则。句意：盲人在特殊学校学习。定冠词the＋形容词表示“某一类人”，谓语动词用复数形式。本句陈述一般事实，用一般现在时即可，故选C。
B
C
(　 　)3. The whole class ________ preparing food and other things for their
picnic.
A．are B．be C．will D．is
(　 　)4. The police ________ searching the streets for a criminal who murdered a man last night.
A．is B．are C．am D．have
【解析】考查意义一致原则。句意：全班同学正在为了他们的野餐准备食物和其他东西。集体名词family, class, team等词作主语时，当强调整体时，谓语用单数；当侧重成员时，谓语用复数。结合题意The whole class是指班上的同学，侧重于成员，故选A。
【解析】考查意义一致原则。句意：警方正在街道上搜寻昨晚谋杀一名男子的罪犯。集合名词people, police, cattle作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，故选B。
A
B
就近一致原则
(　 　)1. (2019·福建)There ________a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.
A. is　　　 　　 B. are　　　　 C. be
(　 　)2. (2019·兰州)In the near future, there ________ self driving cars in our city.
A. is B. was C. are D. will be
【解析】考查there be句型的就近一致原则。句意：桌上有一大碗饺子。这里的be动词应该和碗的单复数保持一致，这里只有一碗，应用单数，故选A。
【解析】考查there be句型的就近一致原则。句意：将来在我们城市里将会有无人驾驶汽车。由in the future可知，要用一般将来时，故选D。
A
D
(　 　)3. (2019·天水)Either the students or the teacher ________him very well.
A. knows B. to know C. know D. knew
(　 　)4. There ________ a basketball game between Class 3 and Class 7 this
afternoon.
A．will B．is going to be C．are going to be D．will have
【解析】考查就近一致原则。句意：要么是学生要么是老师对他很了解。either…or…引导两个并列主语时，后面的谓语动词应遵循就近原则，故这里应该和the teacher保持一致，应用单数，故选A。
【解析】考查就近一致原则。句意：今天下午三班跟七班将有一场篮球赛。根据时间状语this afternoon判断本句应用将来时，there be将来时是there will/is/are going to be，从B和C中选，再根据就近原则，故选B。
A
B