(共22张PPT)
第 13讲 连 词
忆知识●巧导妙引
理教材●夯实基础
练好题●夯基提能
连词的概念:连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分,而只起连接词与词、短语及短语以及句子与句子的作用。
连词的分类:连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。
分 类 用 法 举 例
并列连词 用于连接并列的单词、短语或句子。表示并列关系、因果关系、转折关系等。 and/but/or/for/so等
从属连词 主要用于引导名词性从句和状语从句。 引导名词性从句的连词:that/whether/if等
引导状语从句的连词:when/because/since/if等
并列连词
连词 意义及用法 例 句
and “和”,表示并列或顺承关系。一般用于肯定句,用于否定句时,and要改为or(但固定搭配中的and不能改) I like drawing and dancing.
我喜欢画画和跳舞。
I don't like drawing or dancing.
我不喜欢画画或跳舞。
or 用于否定句,表示并列关系 My grandmother cannot read or write.
我奶奶不会读也不会写。
用于肯定句或疑问句,意为“或者”,表示选择 You can send letters by mail or by hand.
你可以发邮件,或者用手写信。
用于“祈使句+or+简单句”中,意为“否则” Come on, or you will be late.
快点,否则你就迟到了。
1. 并列连词
连词 意义及用法 例 句
but “但是”,表示转折关系 I like to write to my pen friends, but it takes much time.我喜欢给我的笔友写信,但是太花费时间了。
for “因为”,表示附带的理由或原因 Alice went to bed early, for she didn't feel well.爱丽丝很早就睡了,因为她觉得不舒服。
so “因为;所以”,表示因果关系 I was very tired, so I stopped to have a rest.=Because I was very tired, I stopped to have a rest.
太累了,所以我停下来休息。
while “而;却”,表示前后意义的对比关系 I like coffee while my sister likes tea.
我喜欢咖啡,而我姐姐喜欢茶。
续表
2. 常见并列连词词组
连词词组 用 法 例 句
both…and… “两者都”,谓语动词用复数形式 Both Tom and Jack are studying English now.汤姆和杰克现在都在学习英语。
neither…nor… “……和……都不”,谓语动词遵循“就近原则” Neither Jim nor Tony is in our team.吉姆和托尼都不在我们队里。
either…or… “或者……或者……”,谓语动词遵循“就近原则” Either you or I am wrong.
不是你错就是我错。
not only…but also… “不但……而且……”,谓语动词遵循“就近原则” Not only Tom but also Mary has not been there.
不但汤姆没有去过那,玛丽也没有去过。
从属连词
1. 引导名词性从句的从属连词
从属连词 用 法 例 句
that that引导名词性从句,在宾语从句中可以省略。 I know that Tom is from the USA.我知道汤姆来自美国。
whether /if whether/if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句时可以互换。 I didn't know if/whether Tom would come.我不知道汤姆是否会来。
【注意】whether可与or not连用,它引导的宾语从句可移到句首;if 一般不与or not 连用,引导的宾语从句不可移到句首。 如:I don't know whether it will rain later or not.我不知道一会儿后是否会下雨。 Whether he will come is still a question.他是否会来是个问题。 2. 引导状语从句的从属连词
(1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词
从属连词 含 义 用 法 例 句
when “当……的时候” 从句一般用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时 I was watching TV when my father came back.当我爸爸回来的时候,我正在看电视。
while “当……的时候” 引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时 Don't read books while you are eating.吃东西的时候不要看书。
before “在……之前” 表示某一时间或动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态 I must go home before it gets dark.天黑之前我必须回家。
after “在……之后” 指的是某时间之后 You can go out after you finish your homework.
完成家庭作业后你可以出去。
从属连词 含 义 用 法 例 句
as soon as “一……就” 遵循“主将从现”,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时 I will call you as soon as I get there.我一到那里就给你打电话。
until “直到……为止” 常用于“not…until…”的结构中,表示“直到……才” I will wait for you until you come back.我将等你,直到你回来。
since “自……以来” 主句用现在完成时,从句一般过去时 He has lived here since he was 10.
他从十岁的时候就一直住在这里。
续表
(2)引导原因状语从句的从属连词
从属连词 用 法 例 句
because “因为,由于”,表示必然的因果关系;常用于回答why引起的问句,不能与so连用 —Why didn't you come to the party yesterday 你昨天为什么没有参加聚会呢?
—Because I had many things to do.
因为我有太多事情要做。
since “既然”,表示双方已经知道的原因或事实,常放句首;since引导的从句是次要的,重点强调的是主句的内 Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都在这,那我们开始会议吧。
as “由于”,所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显,或已被听话人所熟悉;as引导的从句和主句具有同等的重要性 As there was no bus to the farm, we had to take a taxi.既然这里没有公共汽车去农场,我们不得不打的去了。
(3)引导条件状语从句的从属连词
从属连词 用 法 例 句
if “如果”,引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时,即“主将从现” You can come if you like.
如果想来,你就来吧。
unless “除非;如果不”,可以转换为“if…not…”结构,主从句时态也遵循“主将从现” She will come unless it rains.除非下雨,不然她会来的。
as long as “只要”,主从句时态遵循“主将从现” You may stay here as long as you like.你喜欢在这待多久就多久。
(4)引导让步状语从句的从属连词
从属连词 用 法 例 句
though/although “虽然;尽管”,不能与but同时连用 Bill still went to school
though/although he was ill.
尽管比尔病了,但他仍然去上学。
even though/even if “即使”,不能与but同时连用 Even though/Even if you don't like her, you have to help her.
即使你不喜欢她,也要帮助她。
no matter+疑问词 “无论……”,相当于“疑问词+ever” No matter what/Whatever happens, I'll always be with you.
无论发生什么,我都会和你在一起。
(5)引导目的状语从句的从属连词
从属连词 用 法 例 句
so that “为了,以便”,其从句中的谓语动词常和can, may, should等情态动词连用 Speak louder so that I can hear you.大点声,以便我能听到你。
in order that “为了” He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. 他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。
(6)引导结果状语从句的从属连词
从属连词 用 法 例 句
so…that… “如此……以至于……”,so后跟形容词或副词;that后跟句子 I am so hungry that I can't walk.
我饿得走不动了。
such…that... “如此……以至于……”,such后跟名词 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.她是如此好的一位老师,以至于我们都喜欢她。
(7)引导比较状语从句的从属连词
从属连词 用 法 例 句
as…as… “和……一样……”,两个as之间要用形容词或副词的原级 He ran as fast as he could to catch up with his sister.他尽可能快地跑去追他的姐姐。
not as/so…as “不如……一样……”,两个as之间要用形容词或副词的原级 They are not as hard working as they used to be.他们不像过去那么努力了。
than “比……” He drew much better than he did last year.
他画画比去年好多了。
(8)引导地点状语从句的从属连词
从属连词 用 法 例 句
where “……的地方” I found my books where I had left them.
我在丢书的地方找到了我的书。
wherever “无论哪里” Wherever you go, I will go with you.
无论你去哪里,我都会和你一起去。
( )1. (2019·安徽)A better future is the goal of the Chinese people, ________ it's also the common interest of the world.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
( )2. (2019·岳阳)The toys are really old, ________ I still want to keep them.
A. or B. and C. but
并列连词
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:拥有一个更加美好的未来是中国人民的目标,也是全世界的共同利益所在。由also一词及句意判断得出这里两个句子之间为并列关系,故用and,故选B。
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:这些玩具真的很旧了,但是我还是想保留它们。由句意及still仍然一词,得出前后为转折关系,用but,故选C。
B
C
( )3. (2019·南京)“Put on your coat,________ you will catch a cold!”
This is what my mum often says to me.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
( )4. (2019·江西)The film seems interesting ________ we all want to see it.
A. and B. but C. unless D.if
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:“穿上你的外套,否则你会感冒的”我妈妈经常对我说。由句意可知这里应选or, 意为“否则”,故选C。
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:这部电影似乎很有趣,我们都想去看。由句意可知前后为顺承关系,用连词and,故选A。
C
A
( )5. (2019·北京)This cap is nice, ________it doesn't look good on me.
A. for B. so C. but D. or
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:这顶帽子很好看,但是我戴起来不好看。两个句子前后为转折关系,用连词but,故选C。
C
( )1. (2019·安徽) Our business won't improve ________ we offer better service to our customers.
A. because B. unless C. after D. since
( )2. (2019·南京)Read the sentence. “I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret.”The underlined word “because” is used to ________.
A. connect ideas B. create new words C. show time D. give examples
从属连词
【解析】考查从属连词。句意:我们的生意不会好转,除非我们为顾客提供更好的服务,故选B。
【解析】考查从属连词。句意:请读下面的句子:我可以告诉她任何事情因为她能保守秘密。划下划线的单词“because”是用来连接观点的(也就是连词的功能)。B选项为创造新词汇,C选项为表示时间,D选项为举例,而because是表因果关系的连词,故选A。
B
A
( )3. (2019·连云港)________ we didn't win the basketball game, we were
satisfied with our hard work.
A. If B. Though C. Since D. Because
( )4. (2019·青岛)Friends are like books. You don't need a lot of them ________ they are good.
A. or B. and C. as long as D. as soon as
【解析】考查从属连词。句意:尽管我们没有赢得篮球比赛,我们对于自己的努力拼搏很满意。Though在这里引导让步状语从句,故选B。
【解析】考查从属连词。句意:朋友就像书,在好不在多。也就是说你只要你的朋友是好的,你并不需要很多的朋友(即便少一点也没有关系)。所以这里选到as long as只要,故选C。
B
C
( )5. (2019·临沂)A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want
to use self driving cars, ________ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.
A. although B. because C. if
【解析】考查从属连词。句意: 最近的一项调查显示44%的美国人想使用无人驾驶汽车,尽管有34%的人认为无人驾驶汽车会使道路变得更加危险。although引导的为让步状语从句,表示尽管存在这种情况,还是发生了某事,故选A。
A