中考英语全国通用版专项复习　复合句(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
第 12讲 复 合 句
忆知识●巧导妙引
理教材●夯实基础
练好题●夯基提能
复合句是指含有两个或多个主谓结构的句子，由主句加从句构成，主句和从句之间通过关系词连接到一起，按照从句在主句中所作的成分可将其划分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。而初中阶段只需掌握宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句的基本用法。
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句(Object Clause)。它是名词性从句的一种，在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后。学习宾语从句要抓紧三要素：引导词、时态和语态。
从句 引导词 用　法 例　句
陈述句 that 在引导宾语从句时无意义，不充当句子成分，常省略 He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们，整个工作期间他们都会帮助我们。
一般 疑问句 whether/if 意为“是否”，一般情况下可互换。 【注意】下列几种情况通常只用whether不用if：(1)具有选择意义且又有or或or not，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；(2)介词之后用whether；(3)不定式前用whether I don't know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道这里还会不会有巴士。
1. 引导词
从句 引导词 用　法 例　句
特殊 疑问句 连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what等 连接副词：when, where, why, how等 连接代词在从句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；连接副词在从句中作状语 He didn't tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们再见面。
续表
主句 从句 例句
现在时 从句时态随句意 Can you tell us who has gone？
过去时 从句用过去的某个时态 He asked if I had finished my work.
若从句表示客观事实或真理, 无论主句是什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时 Everyone knew that light travels faster than sound.
宾语从句时态记忆口诀：主现从随便, 主过从必过, 真理规律永一现 2. 时态
3. 语态：宾语从句用陈述句语序，即先主语后谓语，从句中不含有助动词do/does/did。
语　序 例　句
陈述句改为宾语从句时，语序不变。 He is a good child. The teacher said.→The teacher said (that) he was a good child.老师说他是个好孩子。
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，语序改为陈述语序。 Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.我想知道他工作是否努力。
When did he leave？I don't know.→I don't know when he left.我不知道他是什么时候离开的。
特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，若特殊疑问词在句中作主语，特殊疑问句的语序无需改变。 Who could answer the question She asked. →She asked who could answer the question.她问谁能回答这个问题。
1. 宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider,
expect, fancy, guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现
在时时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来。如：I think he
will come to my party. 的否定句应为：I don't think he will come to
my party. 而不能说成：I think he won't come to my party.
2. 宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主语的谓语动词是
know, remember, forget, learn, ask, tell, show, teach等时，从句可简
化为“疑问代词 ＋ 不定式”结构。如：She doesn't know what
she should do next.＝She doesn't know what to do next.
状语从句
状语从句(Adverbial Clause)指在句子中作状语，起副词作用的从句。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。
种类 连接词 注意
时间状语 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as 主句表示将来意义时, 从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中, 动词一般是延续性的, 且常用进行时；until用在肯定句中, 主句动词是延续性的, 而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的, 常用结构“not…until”表示“直到……才”。
地点状语 where, wherever Where表示“在某个地方”；wherever表示“在任何一个地方, 无论何地”。
原因状语 because, as, since because语气最强；since较弱, 表示大家都明了的原因；as次之；because不可和so连用。
种类 连接词 注意
条件状语 if, unless, as long as 条件状语从句的时态遵循“主将从现”的原则；unless可转化为“if…not”。
目的状语 so that, in order that so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词。
结果状语 so…that, such…that so跟形容词或副词；such跟名词。
比较状语 than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more as…as或not so/as…as中间用形容词或副词的原形。
方式状语 as if, as though, as as if和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。
让步状语 though, although, even if, even though, no matter＋疑问词 although和though可和yet连用，但不可和but连用。
续表
1. “主将从现”原则
在if, unless, as long as引导的条件状语从句中和when, till/until, as soon
as, before, after等词引导的时间状语从句中，若主句是一般将来时(或
包含情态动词/祈使句)，从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表将来。
如：①I will call you as soon as I arrive.②We will continue our work
when the rain stops.③Lucy won't come to your party unless she is invited.
2. when和while
when引导的时间状语从句可以表示“一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在
进行”；也可表示“一个动作正在进行，另一个动作突然发生”；又可表
示“一个动作已发生，另一个动作已完成”。
如：①When I came into the classroom, Lucy was reading.②My wallet
dropped on the playground when I was walking in the park.③When I arrived
at the bus station, the bus had already left.
while引导的时间状语从句可表示“正在进行某一动作时，发生了另一个
动作”，此时主句常用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时；也可表示“某个
动作正在进行时，另一个动作也正在进行中”。
如：①While he was reading, the telephone rang.②While Dad was washing
his car, mom was cooking.
3. since与完成时
since引导的时间状语从句，其主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
如：The city has changed a lot since I came here ten years ago.
定语从句
修饰名词或代词的形容词从句叫做定语从句(Attributive Clause)。被修饰的名词或代词充当先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词，常见的关系词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词when, why, where等。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又充当定语从句中的一个句子成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
1. 关系词的基本用法
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系代词 who 人 主语；宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother？ 关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略， 但当直接放于介词后作介词宾语时，则不可省略，且此时不能用that。
whom 人 宾语 Mr.Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom)she loved died in the war. 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系代词 whose 人/物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
which 物 主语；宾语 The book (which)I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. that 人/物 主语；宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop singer(that)I want to see very much. 续表
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系代词 whose 人/物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
which 物 主语；宾语 The book (which)I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. that 人/物 主语；宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop singer(that)I want to see very much. 续表
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 Could you tell me the time when we will leave？
why 原因 原因状语 Do you know the reason why she is angry？ where 地点 地点状语 This is the place where I live. 续表
续表
2. 关系词的特殊用法
情况 用法说明 例　句
只用that的情况 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时； 2. 先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时；3. 形容词最高级或序数词修饰先行词时；4. 先行词既有人又有物时；5. 当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 1. He told me everything that he knew. 2. He is the only man that I want to see
3. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5. Who is the man that is standing over there /Which of us that know something about physics doesn't know this？
情况 用法说明 例句
只用which的情况 1. 关系代词放在介词后； 2. 非限制性定语从句中； 3. that, those作主语时。 1. This is the factory in which I once worked.
2. He is an outgoing boy, which makes him have many friends.
3. Those which are on the desk are English books.
用who不用that的情况 1. 当先行词为people和those时； 2. 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时； 3. 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时。 1. People who want to know more information can check our company's website.
2. Anyone who is against us is our enemy.
3. The woman who won the first prize was being interviewed by the local media.
续表
(　 　)1. (2019·南京)—I wonder ________．
—Someone who can make me a better person.
A. when you often meet your friends B. how you make your friends happy
C. who you want to make friends with D. where you spend weekends with friends
(　 　)2. (2019·连云港)—Excuse me, I'm afraid we're lost. Could you tell us
________？—Sure. Go along the street for about 15 minutes, and then you'll see it.
A. how can I get to Wanda Shopping Mall B. where Wanda Shopping Mall is
C. how far is Wanda Shopping Mall D．where is Wanda Shopping Mall
C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——我想知道你想和谁做朋友。——一个能让我变得更好的人。someone后面接的是一个定语从句，也就是答语中的核心词是someone，也就是问的是“谁who”， 故选C。
宾语从句
B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——你好，我们恐怕是迷路了。你能告
诉我们万达购物广场在哪里吗？ ——好的，沿着这条街走15分钟，你就能看见了。这里考查的是宾语从句的语序问题，四个选项中只有B选项符合陈述句语序，故选B。
(　 　)3. (2019·宿迁)—What did Mr. Wang ask you just now
—He asked me ________yesterday afternoon.
A. why I am absent from school B. why I was absent from school
C. why am I absent from school D. why was absent from school
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——刚刚王老师问你什么事情？ ——他问我为什么昨天下午没来学校。此处why引导的句子作asked的宾语，故要用陈述句语序，再由asked和yesterday afternoon判断得出应用一般过去时，故选B。
B
(　 　)4. (2019·北京)—Did you notice ________in her office
—Yes. She was going over our writing.
A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doing
C. what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——你注意到了刘老师在办公室干什么吗？——注意到了，她正在检查我们的作文。what引导的宾从需要用陈述句语序，再由did可知宾从应该用一般过去时，故选B。
B
(　 　)5. (2019·福建)We don't know ________， but it tells us the importance of
friendship.
A. what the story is about
B．whether the story is true
C. when did the story take place
B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们不知道这个故事是否真实，但是它告诉了我们友谊的重要性。此处的句子为宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除C；A虽然符合陈述句语序，但是若选A，意思为“我们不知道这个故事讲了什么， 但是……”句意不符，故选B。
(　 　)1. —Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there
—I am not sure. But I will ring you up as soon as I ________ there tomorrow.
A．arrive B．arrived C．will arrive D．have arrived
(　 　)2. The students were singing happily ________ I passed the school hall.
A．when B．unless C．though D．while
A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：——你可以告诉我你什么时候会到吗？——我不确定。但是我明天一到那里我就会给你打电话的。根据关键词as soon as可知这是一个时间状语从句，主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时，故选A。
A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：当我经过学校礼堂的时候，学生正在开心地唱歌。when意为“当……的时候”；unless意为“除非”；though意为“虽然”。由句意可知，when符合语境，故选A。
状语从句
(　 　)3. You will get better grades ________ you follow the teachers' advice.
A．though B．until C．if D．while
(　 　)4. —How do you like the dumplings, Bob
—Well, I ________ such delicious food since I came to China.
A．don't eat B．haven't eaten C．didn't D．hadn't eaten
C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果你听从老师的建议，你会取得更好的成绩。if意为“如果”；until意为“直到”；though意为“虽然”；while意为“当……时候”。结合句意和选项可知，if符合语境，故选C。
B
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：——鲍勃，你觉得这饺子味道怎么样？——自从我来到中国之后，我从没有吃到过这么好吃的东西。since引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，故选B。
(　 　)5. “A white elephant” means something that useless, ________ it may cost
a lot of money.
A．unless B．until C．since D．although
D
【解析】考查状语从句。“累赘物”指的是一些没用的东西，尽管它价格很高昂。unless意为“除非”；until意为“直到”；since意为“因为”；although意为“虽然，尽管”，由句意可知，although符合语境，故选D。
(　 　)1. (2019·临沂)Peppa Pig (《小猪佩奇》) is a British cartoon ________has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents.
A. who 　　　 B. which 　 　　C. /
(　 　)2. (2019·广东)Not all children ________ watch this video will become a
scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：《小猪佩奇》是一部英国动画片，在中国很受欢迎，很多小朋友和他们的家长都非常喜欢看。这里has…之后的句子为定语从句，先行词为cartoon, 为物，故选到关系代词which，又因为which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略，故选B。
C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：并不是所有看这个视频的孩子都会成为科学家，但是他们中的一些会由此对科学产生兴趣。定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词为人，应用who，故选C。
定语从句
(　 　)3. (2019·兰州)The movie ________ I have seen twice is The Wandering
Earth.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
(　 　)4. (2019·福建)Du Fuguo is a hero________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A. who　　　 B. which　　　 C. what
B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那部我看过两遍的电影就是《流浪地球》。定语从句的先行词为the movie, 为物，应用which, 故选B。
A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：邓富国是一名为千百万中国人所熟知的英雄。定语从句的先行词为a hero, 为人，应用who, 故选A。
(　 　)5. (2019·定西)I prefer music________ has great lyrics.
A. who　　 B. whose　　 C. that　　 D．/
C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢歌词优美的音乐。定语从句的先行词 music, 为物且作主语，应用that, 故选C。