中考英语全国通用版二轮专项复习 被动语态课件(共14张PPT)

(共14张PPT)
第 9讲 被 动 语 态
忆知识●巧导妙引
理教材●夯实基础
练好题●夯基提能
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式用被动语态。被动语态的基本构成形式为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”。主动语态变成被动语态的方法：
【口诀】宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。
被动语态的用法
用　法 举　例
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时。 Tea was first introduced into Europe in the 18th century.茶第一次被引进欧洲是在18世纪。
当强调动作的承受者时。 Calculators can't be used in the math exam.
不能在数学考试中使用计算器。
为了使语气委婉，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态。 The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
新实验室的建设必须在下个月底之前完成。
当我们主要关心动作的承受者但也关心动作的执行者时。(用by引出动作的执行者) The patient is advised to take a short walk every day by the doctor.
医生建议这个病人每天散步一会儿。
常见时态和结构中被动语态的构成
被动语态 结　构 例　句
一般现在时 主语＋am/is/are＋done This kind of car is made in China.这种车是在中国制造的。
一般过去时 主语＋was/were＋done The flying disk was invented by college students.飞碟是由大学生发明的。
一般将来时 主语＋shall/will/be(am, is, are) going to be＋done The bridge will/is going to be finished in a month.这座桥将在一个月后建成。
现在进行时 主语＋am/is/are＋being＋done These flowers are being watered by her.花儿正在被她浇灌。
被动语态 结　构 例　句
现在完成时 主语＋have/has＋been＋done The boy has been made to stop crying already.这个男孩已经被制止了哭泣。
过去进行时 主语＋was/were＋being＋done Trees were being planted by me this time yesterday.昨天这个时候树正在被我种植。
过去完成时 主语＋had been＋done I had been told the news before 9 o'clock yesterday.昨天九点之前我就被告知这个消息了。
过去将来时 主语＋would be＋done He said the work would be finished the next day.他说工作将于第二天完成。
含情态动词 主语＋情态动词＋be＋done Students should be allowed to make their own decisions.学生应该被允许去自己做决定。
续表
续表
被动语态 结　构 例　句
短语动词 主语＋be＋短语动词中的动词的过去分词done＋(名词)＋介词/副词(介词或副词不能省略) The children are taken good care of by the nurse.孩子们受到护士很好的照顾。
双宾结构 只将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个宾语不变(如果变指物宾语为主语，指人宾语前面应该加介词to / for) We gave him some flowers.(主动语态) He was given some flowers by us./ Some flowers were given to him by us.我们给了他一些花。(被动语态)
带有复合宾语 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只需把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语 The teacher asked the boy to stand up.
The boy was asked to stand up by the teacher.老师叫这个男孩起来。
句式 被动语态构成 例句
肯定句 主语＋be＋过去分词＋(by…) The desk is made of wood.
否定句 主语＋be not＋过去分词＋(by…) I am not invited to the party.
一般疑问句 be＋主语＋过去分词＋(by…)？ Is your homework finished？
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋主语＋过去分词＋(by…)？ What is this sweater made of？
被动语态的四种基本句式
被动语态的特殊用法
用　法 举　例
英语中有很多动词，如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。 The book sells well.这本书卖得很好。
This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布料很好洗。
【注意】主动语态强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：
The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门，表示“门没有锁”是人的原因)
look, sound, feel, smell, taste, become等系动词用主动结构表被动意义，系动词没有被动语态。 The dish tastes delicious.
这道菜尝起来很美味。
续表
用　法 举　例
不及物动词和动词短语，如happen, last, take place, come out, come true, run out 等，常以主动形式表达被动意义。 How do the newspapers come out 这些报纸是如何出版的呢？
使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动语态中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动语态时，要还原to。 He made us laugh.他把我们逗笑了。→We were made to laugh by him.我们被他逗笑了。
下列结构中的v.＋ing是主动形式表达被动意义。(1)need, require作“需要”讲时，其后常跟动名词形式。但当这些动词后接不定式时，则必须用被动形式。(2) be worth doing主动形式表被动意义。 The window needs/requires repairing.窗户需要修理。
The book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
【注意】这些动词(词组)没有被动式：happen, belong to, suit, fit, join, last, cost, break out, appear, hold, lack, agree with, fall, let, have等。 (　 　)1. (2019·安徽)The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ________ before the rainy season comes.
A. is completed B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed
(　 　)2. (2019·连云港)It's reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in
Tokyo ________ from 100% recycled material.
A. are making B. have made C. is made D. will be made
C
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：村民们期待桥能够在雨季到来之前修好。building of the bridge和complete之间的关系为被动，另外expect意为“期待”，其后的动作为一般将来时，所以这里应该用到complete的一般将来时的被动语态，故选C。
D
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：据报道，2020东京奥运会的奖牌将全部由回收再生材料制成。根据medal和make判断，此处应用被动语态，所以从C、D里面选，又因为发生的时间为将来，故选D。
一、单项选择
(　 　)3. (2019·临沂)Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic ________
each year，of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.
A. is created 　　　 B. was created C. creates
(　 　)4. (2019·福建)As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball ________in
the Olympic Games in 1964.
A. included　　　 B. is included C. was included
A
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：全世界每年会生产3亿吨塑料，其中10%则最终进入了海洋。由plastic和create(创造)的关系可以此处应用被动语态，又从each year判断应该用一般现在时，故选A。
C
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：作为最令人兴奋的运动之一，排球在1964年被纳入了奥运会。由volleyball和include的关系可知这里应该用被动语态，又因为时间为in 1964，应用一般过去时，故选C。
(　 　)5. (2019·广东) It is said that one Greater Bay Area university ________ in
Guangdong in the future.
A. will be built B. build C. will build D. is built
A
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：据说未来将在广东修建一所大湾区大学。由university和build的关系可以知道这里应该用被动语态，另外时间为in the future, 故应用将来时态，故选A。
1. Students clean the classroom every day.(改为被动语态)
_________________________________________
2. I must send him an e-mail today.(改为被动语态)
An e-mail____________ to him today.
3. Our school held a sports meeting last week. (改为被动语态)
A sports meeting________ in our school last week.
4. People will make more efforts to protect the environment. (改为被动语态)
More efforts ____________to protect the environment.
5. Tom's joke made everyone laugh. (改为被动语态)
Everyone ____________laugh by Tom's joke.
The classroom is cleaned by students every day.
must be sent
was held
will be made
was made to
二、按要求改写下列句子