中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2019-2023年高考英语分类汇编——专题5语法填空
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____1____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____2____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____3____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____4____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____5____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____6____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____7____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____8____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____9____ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____10_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【答案】
1．and 2．originally 3．surrounded 4．were permitted 5．featured 6．spacious 7．simpler 8．as 9．events 10．the
【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
1．考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
2．考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
4．考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
5．考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
6．考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
7．考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
8．考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
9．考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。
10．考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
（2022·浙江·统考高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ____11____ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ____12____ (do). John Olson, a former ____13____ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ____14____ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their ____15____ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ____16____ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ____17____ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ____18____ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means ____19____ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it _____20_____ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
【答案】
11．be appreciated 12．to do 13．photographer 14．the 15．existing 16．sighted 17．at 18．noticed 19．independence 20．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。
11．考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。 故填be appreciated。
12．考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
13．考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。
14．考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。
15．考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填existing。
16．考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
17．考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介词at。故填at。
18．考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
19．考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填independence。
20．考查连词。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故填and。
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late ____21____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____22____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____23____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案】21．in 22．to harm 23．caught
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
21．考查介词。句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”，固定搭配。故in。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
23．考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly ____24____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____25____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____26____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】24．supported 25．whether 26．has
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因，是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的，这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
25．考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
26．考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____27____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____28____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____29____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____30____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
【答案】27．themselves 28．which 29．worse 30．has increased
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时，也增加了塑料产品的使用，造成了环境污染。
【详解】1.考查反身代词。句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者预定配送服务。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
3.考查比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse，故填worse。
4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
（2022·全国·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___31___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___32___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___33___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___34___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___35___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___36___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___37___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___38___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___39___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___40___ to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】
31．falling 32．The 33．asleep 34．to see 35．accidentally 36．and 37．was fixing 38．threw 39．son's 40．how
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上，即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
32．考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。
33．考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
34．考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
35．考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
36．考查连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填and。
37．考查动词。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
38．考查过去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
39．考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
40．考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。
（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___41___ (cover)an area about three times ___42___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___43___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___44___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___45___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___46___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___47___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___48___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___49___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____50_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】
41．Covering 42．the 43．were 44．to increase 45．is designed 46．and 47．populations 48．eventually 49．as 50．that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
42．考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
43．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
45．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
46．考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
47．考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。
48．考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。
49．考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。
50．考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
【点睛】
（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___51___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___52___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___53___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___54___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___55___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___56___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___57___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___58___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___59___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____60____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】
51．to journey 52．who 53．held 54．A 55．protection 56．meaningful 57．has walked 58．highest 59．from 60．planning
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
52．考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
53．考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。
54．考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，且friend是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填A。
55．考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
56．考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
57．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
58．考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
59．考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填planning。
【点睛】
（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___67___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】
61．by 62．the 63．addressed 64．largest 65．responsibility 66．shared 67．and 68．To strengthen 69．inviting 70．its
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
61．考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
62．考查冠词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。分析句意可知，特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
63．考查动词的时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知，本句是陈述过去事情，所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64．考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65．考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
66．考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
67．考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。分析句式结构可知,名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。
70．考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填its。
【点睛】
（2022·浙江·统考高考真题）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___71___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____72____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others ____73____ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____74____（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____75_____（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____76____ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___77___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___78___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____79____ （invite）. That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans _______80_______（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【答案】
71．who/that 72．is viewed/has been viewed 73．are 74．changing 75．roughly 76．have promised 77．whether/if 78．the 79．invitation 80．to continue
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。
71．考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
72．考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
73．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。
74．考查时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
75．考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
76．考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。
77．考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
78．考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
79．考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。
80．考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
【点睛】
（2021·全国·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the____81____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____82____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____83____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____84____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____85____ emailed its president. I told him how ____86____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____87____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____88____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____89____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____90_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】
81．seventh 82．thinking 83．to educate 84．which/that 85．and 86．harmful 87．excited 88．was 89．representative 90．from
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
81．考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
82．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构， 2 (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
83．考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构， 3 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
84．考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， 4 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
85．考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
86．考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
87．考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
88．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
89．考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
90．考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____91____ (idea)．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____92____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____93____ (connect) things，your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream．
【答案】91．ideas 92．that 93．connects
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。
91．考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。
92．考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
93．考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home ____94____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____95____ she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____96____（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
【答案】94．on 95．where 96．safely
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。
94．考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
95．考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
96．考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There ____97____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____98____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____99____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____100____ (invest) in disaster prevention.
【答案】97．has been 98．caused 99．resulting 100．to invest
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的，引发重大自然灾害，造成了极大的经济损失，因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。
97．考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
98．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
99．考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
100．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。
（2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___101___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___102___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___103___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___104___ （small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ___105___ （paint）white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___106___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___107___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___108___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___109___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____110____ （sell）most of their furniture.
【答案】
101．has proved/has proven 102．for 103．marriage 104．smaller 105．was painted 106．herself 107．neither 108．to plant 109．The 110．sold
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁史。
101．考查动词时态。句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，故设空处用现在完成时；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
102．考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
103．考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”，此处用名词作定语，故填marriage。
104．考查形容词比较级。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处用形容词比较级形式，故填smaller。
105．考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被粉刷”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
106．考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词，作宾语；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
107．考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
108．考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示，故填to plant。
109．考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。
110．考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们把房子租了出去，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式是sold。故填sold。
（2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___111___ (build) originally to protect the city ___112___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___113___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___114___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___115___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___116___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___117___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___118___ way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___119___ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ______120______ (day) routines.
【答案】
111．was built 112．in/during 113．to walk 114．spending 115．better 116．hired 117．but 118．the 119．watchtowers 120．daily
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者游览西安长城的过程。
111．考查动词语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，应用一般过去时。故填was built。
112．考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”，应用介词in或during。故填in或during。
113．考查非谓语动词。句意：骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.，it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
114．考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。此处After为介词，应用动名词，作介词宾语。故填spending。
115．考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。
116．考查动词时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填hired。
117．考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。
118．考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙一路走了大约3个小时。固定短语all the way“一直，完全地”。故填the。
119．考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower是可数名词，由different修饰，应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。
120．考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines，应用形容词daily，作定语。故填daily。
（2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____121____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____122____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____123____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____124____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____125____ (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____126____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____127____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____128____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____129____ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _____130_____ must to visit!
【答案】
121．What 122．humans 123．undoubtedly 124．hotter 125．astonished 126．was 127．and 128．aching 129．mine 130．a
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
121．考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
122．考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
123．考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！此处修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
124．考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和！此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
125．考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词astonished，表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。
126．考查动词时态。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
127．考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，应用并列连词and。故填and。
128．考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”，修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
129．考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句的does替代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine，指代my memory。故填mine。
130．考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
（2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___131___ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___132___(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___133___(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___134___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___135___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___136___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___137___(visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___138___(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___139___(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim _____140_____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】
131．educated 132．development 133．its 134．until 135．the 136．of 137．visiting 138．financial 139．Activities 140．to have
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生态旅游通常被认为是到未受干扰地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
131．考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
132．考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development，表示“发展”，作动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
133．考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。结合语意，此处表示生态旅游有它的起源，空处应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，符合句意。故填its。
134．考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，应用短语not…until…，表示“直到……才……”，符合句意。故填until。
135．考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。结合语意，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
136．考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配，表示“各种各样的”，所以空处应填介词of。故填of。
137．考查非谓语动词。句意：最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
138．考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。空格修饰名词aid，应用形容词形式作定语，financial是形容词，表示“财政的”，符合句意。故填financial。
139．考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。分析句子结构，空处应用名词作句子主语，应用名词的复数形式表示泛指，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Activities。
140．考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。aim to do为固定短语，表示“旨在，目的是”，符合句意，所以空处应用不定式形式。故填to have。
（2021·浙江·统考高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ____141____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____142____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ____143____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____144____ (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____145____ 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____146____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ____147____ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____148____(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____149____ (live) in the countryside, including ____150____ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】
141．and 142．that/which 143．person’s 144．is considered 145．by 146．was 147．studied 148．sharply 149．living 150．lower
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
141．考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
142．考查定语从句。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词tool，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
143．考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
144．考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
145．考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
146．考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。
147．考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系，应该使用过去分词作定语。故填studied。
148．考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
149．考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
150．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
（2020·海南·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders____151____（begin）computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop____152____（education）computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a____153____（require）for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most____154____（profession）
The Digital World is a set of volumes____155____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores____156____wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ____157____discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics____158____（be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____159____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____160_____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】
151．to begin 152．educational 153．requirement 154．professions 155．that/which 156．a 157．and 158．is 159．are encouraged 160．our
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。
151．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这些都很常见。本题考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”结构，该结构it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
152．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，电脑游戏越来越受欢迎，主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发教育电脑程序。修饰名词computer programs，前用形容词形式。故填educational。
153．考查名词。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语，根据前面的不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填requirement。
154．考查名词的数。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词，根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式。故填professions。
155．考查定语从句。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
156．考查冠词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。a range of 一套；一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
157．考查连词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系，所以用连词and。故填and。
158．考查主谓一致。句意：因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的，所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例，并解释技术的基本原理。the number of ……的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填is。
159．考查语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
160．考查代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resources section，前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
（2020·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___161___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___162___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart___163___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___164___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
【答案】161．are thrown 162．to break 163．into/to 164．countries
【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋的危害，应禁止使用。
161．考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
162．考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
163．考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
164．考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。
【点睛】
（2020·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___165___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're___166___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___167___you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】165．plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 166．lucky 167．if/whether
【分析】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了美食节目主持人奥利弗。
165．考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。主语food为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
166．考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
167．考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。
（2020·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A piece of stone___168___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals___169___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____170____（smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
【答案】168．found 169．lived/had lived/had been living 170．smarter
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。
168．考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
169．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
170．考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter。
（2020·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___171___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___172___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___173___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___174___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___175___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___176___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___177___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___178___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___179___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____180____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】
171．wealthy 172．or 173．formed 174．which/that 175．are called 176．is 177．themselves 178．walking 179．accuracy 180．for
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
171．考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
172．考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
173．考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
174．考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯 斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
175．考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
176．考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2019-2023年高考英语分类汇编——专题5语法填空
一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____1____ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____2____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____3____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____4____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____5____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____6____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____7____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____8____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____9____ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____10_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
（2022·浙江·统考高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ____11____ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ____12____ (do). John Olson, a former ____13____ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ____14____ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their ____15____ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ____16____ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ____17____ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ____18____ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means ____19____ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it _____20_____ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late ____21____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____22____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____23____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly ____24____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____25____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____26____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____27____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____28____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____29____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____30____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
（2022·全国·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___31___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___32___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___33___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___34___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___35___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___36___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___37___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___38___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___39___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___40___ to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___41___ (cover)an area about three times ___42___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___43___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___44___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___45___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___46___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___47___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___48___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___49___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____50_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___51___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___52___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___53___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___54___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___55___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___56___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___57___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___58___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___59___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____60____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___67___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
（2022·浙江·统考高考真题）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___71___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ____72____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others ____73____ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____74____（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____75_____（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____76____ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___77___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___78___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____79____ （invite）. That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans _______80_______（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
（2021·全国·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the____81____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____82____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____83____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____84____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____85____ emailed its president. I told him how ____86____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____87____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____88____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____89____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____90_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____91____ (idea)．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____92____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____93____ (connect) things，your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream．
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home ____94____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____95____ she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____96____（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There ____97____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____98____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____99____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____100____ (invest) in disaster prevention.
（2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___101___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___102___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___103___ （marry）ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___104___ （small）than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ___105___ （paint）white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___106___ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___107___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___108___ （plant）flowers in the front yard.
___109___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____110____ （sell）most of their furniture.
（2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ___111___ (build) originally to protect the city ___112___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___113___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ___114___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___115___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ___116___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___117___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___118___ way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___119___ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ______120______ (day) routines.
（2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____121____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____122____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____123____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____124____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____125____ (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____126____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____127____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____128____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____129____ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _____130_____ must to visit!
（2021·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___131___ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___132___(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___133___(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___134___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___135___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___136___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___137___(visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___138___(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___139___(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim _____140_____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
（2021·浙江·统考高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ____141____ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ____142____ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a ____143____ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ____144____ (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____145____ 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain ____146____ (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ____147____ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed ____148____(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____149____ (live) in the countryside, including ____150____ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
（2020·海南·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders____151____（begin）computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop____152____（education）computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a____153____（require）for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most____154____（profession）
The Digital World is a set of volumes____155____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores____156____wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ____157____discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics____158____（be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____159____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____160_____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
（2020·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___161___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___162___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart___163___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___164___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.
（2020·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___165___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're___166___(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them___167___you can join in when it's possible.
（2020·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A piece of stone___168___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals___169___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____170____（smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
（2020·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___171___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___172___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___173___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___174___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___175___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ___176___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___177___ (they) living at a different time in history or ___178___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ___179___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ____180____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
（2020·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ___181___ ，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ___182___ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___183___ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food ___184___(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___185___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC，people ___186___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the ___187___ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， ___188___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ___189___ rise of science，changes began. New methods _____190_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
（2020·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist___191___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___192___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would___193___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___194___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___195___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___196___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___197___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___198___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds___199___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____200____ earth, Mother Nature.
（2020·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___201___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___202___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___203___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___204___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ___205___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___206___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it ___207___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___208___ (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___209___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____210____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
（2020·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a ___211___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___212___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___213___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more ___214___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times ___215___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___216___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___217___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___218___ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___219___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are _____220_____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
（2020·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
Rise After Falling
A father was worried about his son, ___221___ was sixteen years old but had no courage at all. So the father decided to call on a Buddhist monk(僧侣) _____222_____(train) his boy.
The Buddhist monk said to the boy’s father, “I insist that your son should be left alone here. I’ll make him into a real man within three months. _____223_____, you can’t come to see him during this period.”
Three months later, the boy’s father ____224____(return). The Buddhist monk arranged a boxing match between the boy and an _____225_____(experience) boxer. Each time the fighter struck the boy, he _____226_____(fall) down, but at once the boy stood up; and each time a heavy blow knocked him down, the boy stood up again. Several times later, the Buddhist monk asked, “_____227_____ do you think of your child ”
“What a shame!” the boy’s father said, “I never thought he would be so _____228_____(easy) knocked down. I needn’t have him stay here any ____229____(long)!
“I’m sorry that that’s all you see. Don’t you see that each time he falls down, he stands up again instead of ______230______(cry) That’s the kind of courage you wanted him to have.”
（2019·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Earth Day, ___231___(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___232___ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various ___233___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power—the possibilities are endless.
（2019·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___234___(voice) my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends ” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ___235___(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to ___236___(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
（2019·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Does the name of the college you attend really matter Research on the question ___237___(suggest) that, for most students, it doesn’t. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___238___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___239___ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___240___(meaning) college experience.
（2019·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house, it was raining ___241___ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ___242___(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___243___ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___244___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___245___(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___246___(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___247___(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ___248___(huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ___249___(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ____250____(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
（2019·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___251___(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears ___252___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___253___ gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___254___(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___255___(easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___256___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades ___257___(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn’t want ___258___(wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___259___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ____260____(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
（2019·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___261___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___262___(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods ___263___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___264___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___265___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___266___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___267___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___268___(high) than they actually are. Of ___269___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ____270____(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
（2019·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___271___(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___272___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___273___(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ___274___(declare) she had no plans ___275___(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___276___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___277___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___278___(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was ___279___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s _____280_____(wonder).”
（2019·浙江·高考真题）The Caffeine Catch
Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably _____281_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine _____282_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. _____283_____(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
Small amounts of caffeine-a cup _____284_____ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee _____285_____ the late afternoon or evening will cause _____286_____(they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem _____287_____(call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
It is possible _____288_____ caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. One study showed that _____289_____(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely ________290________(have) children with birth defects.
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