北京聚智堂培训学校2014高中英语 Unit1 Friendship词汇讲义

Friendship词汇学习
教学目的 1. 掌握英语单词构词法2. 掌握M1U1重点单词与短语 3. 初高中英语学习的不同及应对措施
教学内容
1、英语单词构词基础及词汇记忆。2、高中英语词汇记忆方法及思路，必修1（unit1）。3、初高中英语学习侧重点的不同与应对措施。●英语单词构词法及词汇记忆　英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.1. 合成法　　outdoors，highway, suitcase, handwriting, typewriter,　reading-room,　 outbreak, afternoon2.派生法　　在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。　　appear出现→disappear消失internet互联网reuse再用subway地铁differ不同于→difference区别　　write写→writer作家　　Japan日本→Japanese日本人　　act表演→actress女演员→actor　　music音乐→musician音乐家　　wide→widen加宽　　beauty→beautify美化　　nature自然→natural自然的　　reason道理→reasonable有道理的　　snow雪→snowy雪的　　angry生气的→angrily生气地3. 转化法　　英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。　　①Let's go out for a walk. 　　②Please hand me the book. 　　③We will try our best to better our living conditions.　　④You should be dressed in black at the funeral. 　　⑤The old in our village are living a happy life. 4.截短法(缩略法)　　截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。　　1)截头　　telephone→phone　　aeroplane→plane　　omnibus→bus　　2)去尾　　mathematics→maths　　co-operate→co-op　　examination→exam　　kilogram→kilo　　laboratory→lab　　taxicab→taxi　　3)截头去尾　　influenza→flurefrigerator→fridge5.混合法(混成法)　　混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。　　news broadcast→newscast新闻广播　　television broadcast→telecast电视播送　　smoke and fog→smog烟雾　　helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法　　首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词的读音。 　　very important person→VIP (读字母音)要人；大人物 　　television→TV (读字母音)电视Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福记忆词汇还可采用联想法，举一反三记忆法等。 除了记忆单词的拼写外，还要注意它们的发音，词性及用法。●M1U1 词汇记忆1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦 ________ adj. 令人心烦意乱的2．ignore vt.不理睬；忽视→ n．愚昧→ adj.无知的；粗鲁的3．calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的4．concern vt. & n．(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；担心；关注；(利害)关系→ concerned adj.担忧的→concerning prep.关于5．loose adj.松的；松开的6．series n．连续；系列7．outdoors adv.在户外；在野外 outdoor adj.户外的8．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的9．power n．能力；力量；权力→ adj.有权势的10．settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使安居；安排；解决 →settlement n．安居；定居11．suffer vt. &vt.遭受；忍受；经历 12．recover vi. &vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．痊愈13．pack vi. &vt.捆扎；包装；打行李 n．小包；包裹14．exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→ adj.精确的 not exactly不完全是；不完全如此；不全对15．disagree vi.不同意→ n．→ 反义词16. grateful adj. 感激的，表示感谢的17. tip n. 提示，技巧； vt. 倾斜，翻倒18．Teenager n. 十几岁的青少年●重点短语1．add up合计 add up to_____________ add…to…________________ add to__________________________2．calm down 平静下来；镇定下来3．have got to 不得不，必须=have to4．be concerned about/for 关心，挂念 be concerned with/in“关于5．go through 经历；经受; 仔细检查；用完，耗尽6．set down 放下；记下；登记7．a series of 一连串的；一系列的8．on purpose 故意----by chance/by accident 偶然9．in order to do 为了……(用于句首,句中) so as to do(不用于句首) in order that/so that+句子10．at dusk 在黄昏时刻--- at dawn 在黎明 11．face to face 面对面12．no longer/not any longer 不再13．suffer from 遭受；患病14．get/be tired of 对……厌烦 be tired from___________15．pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包16．get along/on with 与……相处；进展17．fall in love 相爱；爱上18．join in 参加；加入+活动 take part in_______ join _______ attend________19. be grateful to sb. for sth. ____________________● friendship Do you have many good friends What qualities(品质) should a good friend have True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost. A friend in need is a friend indeed. Are you good to your friends Do the following survey. Add up your score and see how many points you get.●长难句分析Your friend comes to school very upset. 你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。upset 在这里为adj.作主语补足语，用来补充形容主语your friend来学校时的心情。 e.g. He went to bed ______________(既冷又饿) He died ___________(young). He was found ____(die) While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.Walking是v-ing形式做状语，其逻辑主语为____, 且与主语构成主动关系。如构成被动关系则用__ While ________(cross) the street, you should be careful. When ________________(laugh at), he wants to cry. ____________ (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. ____________ (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.3. When he/she borrowed it last time, he/she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired. get sth. done I have to get my hair cut. He got the work finished before 5 o’clock. get sb to do sth.=____________________=_____________________=_______________ get + adj. get ready.4. You will tell him/her that he /she should have studied, so you don’t let him/her look at your paper. should/ought to have done_____________________ I should have finished my homework, but my friend called me to help her do her homework.You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment. 情态动词+ have +过去分词 1）must have done_________________--Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了，但她的单车还在这儿。---She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。2) can have done(用于疑问句)__________________ Can he have gone to his aunt’s could have done _____________________You could have passed the exam, but you didn’t work hard.3)cannot/could not have done _________________He cannot have forgotten it./ I couldn’t have finished my homework.4)may/might have done_____________________ It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed.5）ought to/ should have done sth_______________ You ought to （should） have been more careful in this experiment.6) shouldn’t/ ought not to have done. ________________He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away. 　　ought to 在语气上比should 要强。7）needn't have done sth____________ I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.8）would like to have done sth ____________________I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章，但太忙了一直没读。9) would have done__________________ I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.1. Tom ought not to _______ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told2. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come3. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials. —How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen4. —Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.—I____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended5. I was really anxious about you. You _______ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave6. The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.A. must have got B. must get C. should have got D. should get7. I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.A. shouldn’t have enjoyed B. needn’t have enjoyed C. wouldn’t have enjoyed D. couldn’t have enjoyed●初高中英语学习侧重点的不同： 1. 环境和心理的变化。高一新生都是经过中考选拔从不同的学校来到一个全新的环境——新校园、新老师、新同学、新集体、新教材、新的规章制度需要适应，学生难免会产生新奇感、茫然感、孤独感和疏离感，从而影响正常的学习与生活。另外，学生的心理也发生了变化，有的同学在初中是尖子生，备受老师的关注，然而经过选拔，来到高中比自己优秀的同学多了，难免有些失落；有的学生经过中考前突击，考取自己理想的高中后，产生了放松的想法，入学后无紧迫感；还有些同学由于初中英语基础不牢固，对高中英语产生畏惧心理。
2. 教材跨度大。初中阶段要求掌握1500-1600个单词和200-300个习惯用语及固定搭配，了解常用语言形式的基本结构和基本的语法知识。而升入高中后，高中教材内容丰富，知识容量大，并在初中的基础上注入了大量的语法点、知识点，使句子结构更为复杂，同时侧重提高阅读能力且加大词汇量和阅读材料的份量，而且内容涉及文学、教育、天文、科技、金融、电脑网络等诸方面。
3. 初高中英语教法和学法都存在差异
初中英语学习内容比较简单、浅显，侧重于语言，形象直观，知识单一，题型简单，课时充足，考试也重点考查基础知识，教师在教学时只要抓好课堂时间进行充分练习，反复检查，学生就能学好；而高中英语内容较多，知识综合性强，考试形式和范围都以高考为标准，要求学生勤于思考，善于归纳总结，学会自主学习，利用课余时间充分发挥自己的积极性、主动性，与其他同学研究探讨，借助词典、参考书等工具来解决大部分的问题。面对不同如何应对？1. 制定计划, 学会自学。2. 立足课本，熟记所有应掌握的词汇、短语、句式和经典篇章。3. 使用工具书的习惯。4．复习，预习的习惯。 5．养成朗读背诵的习惯。 I.语音辨析1. upset A. recover B. student C. series D. settle2. exactly A. example B. express C. exercise D. excuse3. pack A. swap B. add C. disagree D. grateful4. overcoat A. lonely B. concern C. recover D. join5. daily A. bargain B. said C. curtain D. explainII. 单项选择1.---Look! The telephone is broken. Someone damaged it ________ purpose. ---That may be right. But perhaps it was broken _________ accident. A. on; by B. by; by C. on; on D. by; on2． catch the first bus, he got up very early this morning. A. In order to B. In order that C. So as to D. So that3. There is no _____ swimming-pool in this school and the students often go to swim _____. A. indoors; outdoors B. indoor; outdoor C. indoor; outdoors D. indoor; indoors4．In order to solve the problem as soon as possible，they had a ________ discussion.A．face to face　　 B．faces to face C．faces to faces D．faces to faces5．I arrived half an hour earlier ________ I had time to talk with him before the meeting.A．as soon as B．as a result C．in order to D．so that6. She’s all alone here，and it seems rather unkind to ________her.A．miss B．tip C．ignore D．swap8．—What’s the matter with Rod —I think he’s still________that we forgot his birthday.A．excited B．loose C．upset D．glad9. I don’t think she is a nice woman；I am________her empty talk.A．grateful for　　B．tired of C．crazy about D．concerned about10．I used to quarrel a lot with my parents，but now we________fine.A．look out B．stay up C．carry on D．get along11．As a teacher he should encourage his students to________the class discussion actively.A．take part B．join C．join in D．enter12．The woman doctor devoted herself ___to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.A．strongly B．extremely C．entirely D．freely13．My grandfather spends most of his time ________because he loves nature.A．outdoor B．outdoors C．indoor D．indoors14．We can communicate________people in every part of the world ________the Internet.A．with；with B．with；through C．through；through D．through；with15．I often ________him for advice on my work and he is always willing to ________me some.A．give；ask B．ask；give C．ask；take D．give；give I. 记忆M1U1 词汇.II. 单词拼写1．You should not i__________your mistakes if you want to make greater progress.2．Life is made up of a s__________of choices. When you choose a different choice，you will have a different way.3．Children should spend more time taking exercise o__________ and less time watching TV at home.4．What__________(使心烦) me was not what he said but the way he said it.5．When he travels with his friends，his mother is always__________(关心的)about his safety.6．Try not to begin judging anything about the idea until you have understood it________(完全地).7．At first I d__________with his suggestion，but later I changed my mind and agreed.8．I’m really g__________ for everything you’ve done for me.9．Belinda knows Japan really well. Perhaps she could give us a few t__________.10．I think__________(十几岁的青少年)have similar tastes in dress.11．Within a few days Mary had become seriously ill，__________(遭受)great pain.12．To tell the truth，that’s __________(确切地) what I wanted. 13．After a few days of fever，he began to __________(恢复).14．He didn’t pass the exam，so he looked very__________(心烦意乱的). III.完成句子1．I ________ ________ the students' papers last night.昨天晚上我仔细阅读了学生们的试卷。2．Why not ________ ________ our discussion 为什么不加入我们的讨论呢？3．We are all ________ ________ her safety.我们大家都很担心她的安全。4．They ________ ________ ________ ________ each other at first sight.他们一见钟情。5．I need to find a chance to have a talk with my parents ________ ________ ________.我需要找一个机会与父母面对面地谈一下。IV.单项选择1． I am slowly ________ my strength after the flu.A．recovering　　　 B．covering C．reserving D．rescuing2．The two sides have finally ________，though some small differences still exist.A．made a decision B．reached an agreement C．settled down D．broken up3. She devoted herself ________ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.A．strongly B．freely C．entirely D．extremely4． The meeting was concerned ______ reforms and everyone present was concerned ________ their own interests.A．with；for B．with；with C．for；about D．about；with5． We were surprised by what the little girl ________ after she was cheated and sold to the mountain village.A．got through B．went through C．lived up to D．went against6．Alien had to call a taxi because the box was ________ to carry all the way home.A．much too heavy B．too much heavy C．heavy too much D．too heavy much7． The girl ________ to go with us rather than stay at home.A．enjoys B．prefers C．likes D．would8．—Did he break it accidentally —No，________.A．by himself B．by chance C．on purpose D．by mistake9． That year his total income，with his reward ________，________ 12,000 yuan.A．added to；added up to B．added；added toC．added up to；added D．adds to；adds up to10．The reporter has written ________ articles about air pollution hoping to call the attention of all people to the problem.A．a series of B．a great deal of C．a plenty of D．a large amount of It was Sunday afternoon. My brother and I were alone at home. My parents went out. I was doing my homework while my younger brother was watching TV. Suddenly the doorbell rang. Ding-Dong! My brother thought that it was our parents, so he opened the 1 quickly.A tall man wearing a black raincoat stood outside. He said that he came to sell books and asked politely if our parents were at home.Without thinking, my brother said, “No.” Then the man asked if we would like to 2 some story books. I refused him. When I wanted to close the door, he suddenly pushed the door very hard and came into our house. He took out a 3 and ordered me to tie up my brother’s hands with a rope(绳子). I tied up his hands in a special way so my brother could untie（解开）4 easily. The man then tied my hands up and locked 5 of us in the kitchen. Soon, he went upstairs to 6 money. I taught my brother to untie the rope on his hands. He then untied me. I rushed to the telephone to call the police, 7 the line was dead. The doors were all locked from the outside. It was lucky that the man forgot to lock the kitchen window. We got out of the house through the kitchen window and to the 8 pay phone to call the police.Soon 9 came to our house and the man was caught. By that time, my parents had come home. We told them the whole story. My parents were 10 that we were not hurt. They told me that I should stop my brother from opening the door to strangers. I learnt a lesson on safety.1. A. window B. door C. book2. A. lend B. sell C. buy3. A. book B. knife C. gift4. A. himself B. myself C. herself5. A. all B. neither C. both6. A. look for B. look at C. look after7. A. and B. so C. but8. A. farthest B. nearest C. largest9. A. my friends B. the neighbors C. the police10. A. glad B. angry C. sad There are three different kinds of friends in our life. I classify (分类) them according to how well I know them and how well they know me. The first type of friend is just an acquaintance (熟人).This means that you only know their name. You might not even remember what they look like if you go away for a short vacation. You don’t miss them when they are elsewhere. It is also this type of friend who gives you the most amount of aggravation (恼怒). Since most of the time you are placed in a position where you have to act friendly. You would not normally tell an acquaintance when he or she is doing something that makes you feel angry，such as tapping the fingers on a table or shouting loudly. I call them “pest friends”.The second kind of friend is a “guest friend”.They are just social partners. You meet them at a certain location and at the end of the meeting you go your separate way and they go theirs. You don’t talk too often with this sort of friend，and you don’t share each other’s secrets. Lastly，we have “best friends”.This sort of friend is there when you need them. They know you as a person and they are there through thick and thin. Best friends are the ones that you can lean and depend on no matter what happens. If you need a listening ear，they will be the one to lend support.Friends come in all different shapes and sizes. Every friend has an impact on our life....1．What is this passage mainly about A．What a true friend is like. B．Three kinds of friends in our life.C．The role that friends play in our life. D．Why there are different kinds of friends.2．According to the writer，when a friend of the first type acts in an annoying way，you ________.A．can tell him/her about it directly B．should stay away from him/herC．should advise him/her to correct his/her behavior D．may find it hard to tell him/her not to do so3．Which of the following statements is WRONG about the second type of friend A．They are only social partners. B．You don’t talk very often with them.C．You don’t share your secrets with them. D．They are called “pest friends” by the writer.4．If someone is with you through thick and thin，it means ________.A．he/she is your best friend for sure B．he/she agrees with whatever you sayC．you spend most of your time together D．he/she is with you even when there are difficulties智慧和勇气的双语哲理故事:交友不慎的狗　　Once there was a fox who lived in a jungle He always Went to look for food in a village that was not far from where he lived One day, the fox went to a village near the jungle.　　森林里住着一只狐狸。它时常跑到附近的村子里偷吃的。有一天，这只狐狸悄悄地溜进森林附近的村子里来。　　There he met a dog who was guarding his master's house. "How are you, mV friend " asked the fox. "I'm fine, thank You," said the dog. "Why do you sit here 　　它碰见 了一只看门狗.“你好吗，朋友7”狐狸问。 “我很好，谢谢。¨狗回应道。“你为什么呆在这儿呢 　　Let's go and look for some food, "said the fox. The dog felt that all this while his master had not given him enough food to eat. "Where shall we go " asked the dog.　走吧，我们一起去找好吃的吧。狐狸说狗觉得可以，因为它在主人家连饭都吃不饱。 狗问道：“那我们该去哪儿呢，　　"Let's go and eat some chickens and ducks, "answered the fox. The dog was very happy to hear the fox's answer. He told the fox he preferred a chicken. "You can have that, but you must help me, " said the fox. "　　“我们去抓些鸡鸭来吃吧¨狐狸回答道狗听狐狸这么说，十分高兴。它告诉狐狸它想要一只鸡¨你可以得到的，但你必须帮我”，狐狸说。¨好的。”　　AII right, "replied the dog. The fox took the dog to a farm not far from there. The dog was very eager to eat the chicken. "We can't go into the farm now," said the fox. "狗回答道。于是狐狸带着狗到了不远处的一个农场里。猗非常急切地想吃鸡。“我们现在还不能进去，¨狐狸说，We must wait until it is dark. At night the farmer won't be able to see us "All right, " said the dog. That night, the fox and the dog entered the farm.　　“我们得等天黑了才能摸进 去，晚上我们就不会被农夫发现了。" “那好的。”狗说到了晚上，狐狸和狗偷偷地潜入农场里。（预知后事如何， 请看下回讲义）
课堂导入
What do you think of English learning
Oh, my God! So many phases to remember!
限时检测
反思与小结
1. 你记住了哪些单词和短语？！
2. 英语单词应怎样去记忆？
作业布置
今天的作业！！Are you ready!!
例题检验
本节重难点
新课讲解
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